Conflict effects of autophagy on cellular senescence in advanced ages: A systematic review

Introduction: Recently, autophagy as a highly conserved catabolic intracellular process is considered a promising therapeutic target, particularly in pathological alternations under aging conditions. This systematic review was designed to qualitatively analyze the interaction between autophagy and aging in various organs of animal models. Methods: Based on our primary search, 9478 articles were identified, and following the screening, ultimately, 80 full texts were included to proceed with further analysis. Next, using SPSS software, data analysis of autophagy and aging-related markers and autophagy alternation throughout aging, was performed. Results: Despite debatable results, we established that the most of studies showed that the autophagy process reduced in different aged organs significantly. Conclusion: The outcomes demonstrated that autophagy induction during aging was inferior to those reports that indicated the therapeutic potential of autophagy. Taken together, it should be considered that autophagy inducers could be counted as anti-aging agents

Quality of Life of Injured People after Road Accidents; a Systematic Review

مقدمه: پیامدهای ناشی از سوانح رانندگی یکی از عمده ترین عوامل ناخوشی جامعه است و از ابعاد مختلفی از جمله بعد روانی و پیامدهای روانشناختی مرتبط با سوانح می تواند برای خانواده ها و کل افراد جامعه مشکل ساز باشد و کیفیت زندگی افراد را دستخوش تغییر قرار دهد. این مطالعه با هدف مرور نظام مند کیفیت زندگی افراد آسیب دیده پس از حوادث جاده ای- رانندگی انجام یافت. روش کار: در این پژوهش مرور نظام مند جهت یافتن مطالعات انجام یافته در مورد کیفیت زندگی افراد آسیب دیده پس از سوانح رانندگی، با استفاده از کلیدواژه های حوادث جاده ای، سوانح رانندگی، حوادث رانندگی و کیفیت زندگی، در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی به زبان فارسی و انگلیسی مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: از بین 850 مقاله بازیابی شده 26 مقاله تمام متن بررسی گردید و در نهایت 24 مقاله برای سنتز نهایی انتخاب و مطالعات نهایی که دارای معیارهای ورود بودند وارد جامعه آماری و بررسی شدند یافته های مطالعه نشان داد حوادث جاده ای تاثیر منفی بر کیفیت زندگی همراه با استرس، عصبانیت و اختلالات عصبی به خصوص در زیر گروه کودکان علاوه بر هزینه های تحمیل شده بر فرد، خانواده و جامعه دارد. نتیجه گیري: حوادث جاده ای و رانندگی بر سلامت روانی، اجتماعی مردم و جامعه تأثیر منفی می گذارند. با توجه به نتایج مطالعه حاضر بایستی اقداماتی برای کاهش این حوادث و کاهش فراوانی اختلالات استرسی و مشکلات پس از سانحه در مصدومین حوادث رانندگی انجام داد.Introduction: The outcomes of driving accidents are one of the main causes of ill health in the community and from various dimensions, including psychological outcomes related to accidents, can be problematic for families and the entire community and will change the quality of life of individuals. The aim of this study was conducted of systematic review the quality of life of injured people after road-driving accidents. Methods: In this research, searching for the results of the quality of life of injured people after traffic accidents, using the keywords of road accidents, driving accidents, traffic accidents and quality of life, are searched in Persian and English language databases. Results: Of the 850 retrieved articles, 26 full-text articles were reviewed and finally 24 articles were selected for final synthesis and final studies with entry criteria were entered into the statistical society and were analyzed. The findings of the study showed that road accidents have a negative impact on the quality of life associated with stress, anger and nerve disorders, especially in the subgroup of children, in addition to costs imposed on the individual, the family and the community

Visualization of the Scholarly Output on Evidence Based Librarianship: A Social Network Analysis

Objective - This paper aimed to analyze worldwide research on evidence based librarianship (EBL) using Social Network Analysis (SNA). Methods - This descriptive study has been conducted using scientometrics and a SNA approach. The researchers identified 523 publications on EBL, as indexed by Scopus and Web of Science with no date limitation. A range of software tools (Ravar PreMap, Netdraw, UCINet and VOSviewer) were utilized for data visualization and analysis. Results - Results of the study revealed that the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) occupied the topmost positions regarding centrality measures, clearly indicating their important structural roles in EBL research. The network of EBL research in terms of the degree of connectedness showed low density in the co-authorship networks of both authors (0.013) and countries (0.214). Seven subject clusters were identified in the EBL research network, four of which related to health and medicine. The occurrence of the keywords related to these four subject clusters suggested that EBL research had a greater association with the setting of health and medicine than with traditional librarianship elements such as human resources or library collection management. Conclusion - This study provided a systematic understanding of topics, research, and researchers in EBL by visualizing the networks and may thus inform the development of future aspects of EBL research and education

Visualization of clinical teaching citations using social network analysis

Abstract Background Analyzing the previous research literature in the field of clinical teaching has potential to show the trend and future direction of this field. This study aimed to visualize the co-authorship networks and scientific map of research outputs of clinical teaching and medical education by Social Network Analysis (SNA). Methods We Identified 1229 publications on clinical teaching through a systematic search strategy in the Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) and Medline (NCBI/NLM) through PubMed from the year 1980 to 2018.The Ravar PreMap, Netdraw, UCINet and VOSviewer software were used for data visualization and analysis. Results Based on the findings of study the network of clinical teaching was weak in term of cohesion and the density in the co-authorship networks of authors (clustering coefficient (CC): 0.749, density: 0.0238) and collaboration of countries (CC: 0.655, density: 0.176). In regard to centrality measures; the most influential authors in the co-authorship network was Rosenbaum ME, from the USA (0.048). More, the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia and the Netherlands have central role in collaboration countries network and has the vertex co-authorship with other that participated in publishing articles in clinical teaching. Analysis of background and affiliation of authors showed that co-authorship between clinical researchers in medicine filed is weak. Nineteen subject clusters were identified in the clinical teaching research network, seven of which were related to the expected competencies of clinical teaching and three related to clinical teaching skills. Conclusions In order to improve the cohesion of the authorship network of clinical teaching, it is essential to improve research collaboration and co-authorship between new researchers and those who have better closeness or geodisk path with others, especially those with the clinical background. To reach to a dense and powerful topology in the knowledge network of this field encouraging policies to be made for international and national collaboration between clinicians and clinical teaching specialists. In addition, humanitarian and clinical reasoning need to be considered in clinical teaching as of new direction in the field from thematic aspects

Comparing the effect of intermittent diazepam and continuous phenobarbital in preventing recurrent febrile seizures among children under 6 years old: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Febrile convulsion (FC) is the most common and preventable seizure in children. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the diazepam and phenobarbital for preventing recurrent FC. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review study, literature published in English language were carefully searched in biological databases (Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus, CINHAL, Psycoinfo, and Proquest) by February 2020.Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and Quasi randomized trial were included in the review. Two researchers checked the literature independently. The quality of studies was assessed using the JADAD score. The potential risk for publication bias was assessed by Funnel plot and Egger's test. Meta regression test and sensitivity analysis were used to identify the reasons for heterogeneity. Given the results of assessing heterogeneity, the random effect model in RevMan5.1 software was used for meta analysis. Results: Four out of 17 studies had compared the effect of diazepam and phenobarbital in preventing recurrent FC. The result of the meta analysis showed that the use of diazepam in comparison with phenobarbital reduces the risk of recurrence FC by 34% (risk ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.36–1.21]), but the relationship was not statistically significant. In assessing the effect of diazepam or phenobarbital versus placebo, the results showed that the use of diazepam and phenobarbital has reduced the risk of recurrent FC by 49% (risk ratio = 0.51, 95% CI = [0.32–0.79]) and 37% (risk ratio = 0.63, 95% CI = [0.42–0.96)]), respectively, and these relationships were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Results of the meta regression test showed that the follow up time can be a reason for the heterogeneity between trials with the comparison of diazepam versus phenobarbital (r = 0.047, P = 0.049) and Phenobarbital versus placebo (r = 0.022, P = 0.016). According to the results of Funnel plot and Egger's test, there was evidence of publication bias (P = 0.0584 for comparison of diazepam vs. phenobarbital; P = 0.0421 for comparison of diazepam vs. placebo; P = 0.0402 for comparison of phenobarbital vs. placebo). Conclusion: The results of this meta analysis indicated that preventive anticonvulsants can be useful in preventing recurrent convulsions in cases of febrile seizures

Ki-67 expression as a diagnostic biomarker in odontogenic cysts and tumors : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract

Effect of photobiomodulation in secondary intention gingival wound healing—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Photobiomodulation is widely being used to improve the wound healing process in dentistry and a vast majority of studies have proven its benefits. But there are plenty of knowledge gaps according to the optimal laser characteristics which should be used to maximize the healing effects of lasers. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) as an adjunctive treatment to periodontal therapies to evaluate secondary intention gingival wound healing and post-operative pain. Methods: Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Sciences) were searched up to November 30, 2020, for clinical trials that reported the result of the application of PBM on secondary gingival healing wounds and post-operative pain and discomfort after periodontal surgeries. Two independent reviewers selected the eligible studies and the outcomes of interest were extracted. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: Ultimately, twelve studies were included in this review. The application of PBM as an adjunct to periodontal surgeries resulted in a significant improvement in wound healing indices. The Landry wound healing index at the 7th post-operative day was significantly improved (SMD = 1.044 [95% CI 0.62–1.46]; p < 0.01) in PBM + surgery groups compared to the control groups. There was also a statistically significant increase in the complete wound epithelialization (RR = 3.23 [95% CI 1.66–6.31]; p < 0.01) at the 14th post-operative day compared to the control groups. The methods used to assess the post-operative pain were heterogeneous, and therefore the results were limited which made the meta-analysis for post-operative pain assessment not possible. Conclusion: Based on the results of this review, PBM can be effectively used as a method to improve secondary intention wound healing. High-quality randomized clinical trials, however, are needed in the future to identify the optimal PBM irradiation parameters and the effect of PBM on post-operative pain.Dentistry, Faculty ofNon UBCOral Biological and Medical Sciences (OBMS), Department ofReviewedFacult

COVID-19 in heart transplant recipients: A systematic review

Background. The high mortality and morbidity rate of COVID-19 turned this pandemic into the most challenging health issue. Here we systematically reviewed the consequences of COVID-19 in heart transplant recipients. Methods. The terms "Coronavirus" or "COVID19", "SARS-CoV-2", "Heart Transplantation", and "Cardiac Graft" were searched focusing on heart transplant patients with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) on June 22, 2022, in Web of Science / ISI, PubMed and Ovid ProQuest, Scopus. Results. The results showed that of 14 eligible studies that were included in the systematic review, 8 were case reports, and 6 case series. Among 109 reported cases, 67 patients were male and 22 were female and about the rest, it was not reported. The minimum hospitalization day was one day and the maximum was 60 days. In three case reports, the studied patients died, and in one case series, 7 out of 28 patients died. The most reported symptoms were shortness of breath (85.7%), cough (76.2%), and myalgia/fatigue (76.2%), followed by rhinitis (66.7%) and fever (7.7%). 66 percent). Conclusion. Although the symptoms of the disease in these patients are similar to other patients, the mortality rate is high. Considering that the studies conducted on heart transplant recipients with covid-19 have mostly been in the form of case studies, it is suggested that larger studies be conducted so that more accurate information can be obtained regarding the survival rate, symptoms of the disease, and the type of drugs used. Practical Implications. The mortality rate of heart transplant cases affected by COVID-19 was 23.6% (21 patients).In four studies the duration of hospitalization was not mentioned, but the others varied from no hospitalization in one case to up to 60 days. The most reported symptoms were dyspnea (85.7%), cough (76.2%), and myalgia/fatigue (76.2%), followed by rhinitis (66.7%) and fever (66.7%). Treatment differed for each patient, but hydroxychloroquine, antibiotic therapy including Azithromycin, and lopinavir/ritonavir were the most commonly used drugs

Prognostic Role and Clinical Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) and Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), their associations with the clinicopathological characteristics, and the association between their levels in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to obtain the relevant papers. Seven studies with 1152 patients were included in this study. Like the level of TILs, there were no significant associations between PD-L1 expression and tumor size, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade, and Ki67 (All p-values &ge; 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant association between PD-L1 expression with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In assessment of TILs and survival relationship, the results showed that a high level of TILs was associated with long-term OS (hazard ratios (HR) = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.77, p-value &lt; 0.001) and DFS (HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.78, p-value &lt; 0.001). The results displayed that tumoral PD-L1 expression was strongly associated with high levels of TILs in TNBC patients (OR = 8.34, 95% CI: 2.68 to 25.95, p-value &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the study has shown the prognostic value of TILs and a strong association between tumoral PD-L1 overexpression with TILs in TNBC patients