Nutritional composition, vitamins, minerals and toxic heavy metals analysis of Trianthema portulacastrum L., a wild edible plant from Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

This study aimed at analyzing the nutritional potential of a wild edible plant, Trianthema portulacastrum L. widely used in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The nutritional composition, vitamins, minerals and heavy elements were analyzed following the standard methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The nutritional assessment included determination of moisture, ash, lipid, fiber, protein, carbohydrate and energy. Among the nutrient values, fiber was found to be the highest (430.0 mg/g), followed by ash (348.0 mg/g), total protein (91.9 mg/g), moisture (80.0 mg/g), carbohydrate (30.2 mg/g) and total lipid (20.0 mg/g). The vitamins analyzed were found to have greater value for riboflavin (2.02 mg/g), than retinol (0.81 mg/g). Among the macro minerals, potassium was present in high concentration (51.6 mg/g) than sodium (44.0 mg/g). The trace elements were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and their decreasing order was Fe>Zn>Mn>Ni>Cu. Two toxic metals, Pb and Cd were present in very minute quantities of 0.08 and 0.0006 mg/g, respectively. The results suggest that T. portulacastrum L. is a good source of fiber, proteins, riboflavin, potassium, sodium and iron.Keywords: Peshawar, Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), Trianthema portulacastrum L., nutritional composition, vitamins, minerals.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(42), pp. 6079-608

Critical perspective on consumer animosity amid Russia-Ukraine war

Peer reviewedPostprin

5H-Thio­chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-5,10,10-trione

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C12H7NO3S, contains two independent mol­ecules with different geometric­al configurations. The dihedral angles between the benzene and pyridine rings in the two mol­ecules are 3.7 (2) and 5.40 (19)°. The central heterocyclic fused rings have different puckering parameters [Q = 0.122 (3) Å, θ = 100.4 (13), ϕ = 185.3 (19)° in one mol­ecule, 0.101 (3) Å, 101.4 (3) and 2 (2)° in the other]. The SO2 group is oriented at dihedral angles of 81.06 (14) and 82.58 (15)° with the benzene and pyridine rings, respectively, in one mol­ecule [87.21 (14) and 87.66 (14)° in the second]. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked into zigzag polymeric chains along the b axis by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. π–π inter­actions with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.825 (3)–4.153 (3) Å stabilize the structure. S—O⋯π and C—O⋯π inter­actions are also observed

3-(3-Methyl­phen­yl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thia­zolidin-4-one

In the title compound, C10H9NOS2, the dihedral angle between the rhodanine (2-thioxo-1,3-thia­zolidin-4-one) and 3-methyl­phenyl rings is 83.30 (3)°. The H atoms of the methyl group are disordered over two set of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.58 (3):0.42 (3). In the crystal, the mol­ecules inter­act by way of C—H⋯π and C=O⋯π inter­actions

5-[(E)-(2,6-Dichloro­benzyl­idene)amino]-2-hy­droxy­benzoic acid

There are two geometrically different mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H9Cl2NO3. The 5-amino-2-hy­droxy­benzoic acid units [r.m.s. deviations of 0.0323 and 0.0414 Å] and 2,6-dichloro­benzaldehyde groups [r.m.s. deviations of 0.0285 and 0.0226 Å] are roughly planar and oriented at dihedral angles of 11.69 (13) and 83.12 (6)° in the two mol­ecules. An intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond completes an S(6) ring motif in each mol­ecule. The two mol­ecules form dimers with each other through inter­molecular O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, completing an R 2 2(8) ring motif. The dimers are inter­linked via inter­molecular O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming polymeric sheets

Diethyl 5-acetamido-3-methyl­thio­phene-2,4-dicarboxyl­ate

The title compound, C13H17NO5S, is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation for the non-H atoms = 0.055 Å). Its conformation is stabilized by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which both generate S(6) rings. The crystal packing only features van der Waals contacts

The Center for Innovations in Business and Management Practice Analysis of factors affecting the customer satisfaction level of public sector in developing countries: an empirical study of automotive repair service quality in Pakistan Minitab 15, Six Sigm

Abstract This paper aims to investigate the factors which mainly affect the customer satisfaction level of automotive repair service quality being provided by the public sector organizations in Pakistan. A questionnaire was designed to measure the gap between the customer expectations and satisfaction about repair service quality. A total of 183 managers, supervisors and operators randomly selected from 100 customer organizations (public sector) responded to the questionnaire. Randomly collected data analyzed using software SPSS 19

Wind farms selection using geospatial technologies and energy generation capacity in Gwadar

Pakistan has been a victim of energy crisis since last few decades. This energy crisis has adversely affected country’s socio-economic development and continues to do so. The continuously increasing demand–supply gap has negatively impacted the economic stability of the country. With the recent awareness and development of alternate energy resources like wind and solar, the current energy crisis can be minimized. However, proper planning is essential for successful execution of these renewable energy projects. This study aims to identify the suitable sites for wind farms in District Gwadar, Balochistan using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Web-based Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS). In this study, multi-criteria decision making is applied which assists breaking down the site selection complexity. Multi-Criteria evaluation methods provides different set of procedures that facilitate decision making by analyzing different alternatives. The underlying geospatial and ICT technologies used in this analysis form the core component of the planning process. Gwadar is currently drawing investor’s attention due to its geographical location, deep seaport, and proposed China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This research is useful for stakeholders of Wind Energy to explore the wind potentials using GIS as an interactive decision-making tool during the pre-feasibility stage.Furthermore, this research has considered the environmental, social and economic aspects during the decision-making process of wind farm development. This is the strength of multi-criteria evaluation as differently weighted scenarios provide different output, depending on the factors considered of highest importance. A detailed analysis of the sites in terms of their wind potential and energy generation capacity has also been reported in this study. This long coastline of Balochistan with huge wind energy potential has not been explored yet and therefore this study will assist researchers to further explore this area and can have a positive impact on CPEC.Qatar University Internal Grant No. IRCC- 2021-010

Diethyl 2-{[(5-oxo-5H-thio­chromeno[2,3-b]pyridin-7-yl)amino]­methyl­idene}propane­dioate

In the title compound, C15H14O2S, the three fused rings are roughly coplanar, the largest deviation from the mean plane being 0.1285 (13) Å for the S atom. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S6 ring. In the crystal, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form R 2 2(14), R2 2(13) and R 3 2(17) ring motifs, building a layer parallel to (100)

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of collaborative practice between community pharmacist and general practitioner on asthma management

Objective: This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of collaborative practice between community pharmacist (CP) and general practitioner (GP) in asthma management. Methods: A systematic search was performed across 10 databases (PubMed, Medline/Ovid, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, PsycARTICLES®, Science Direct, Education Resource Information Centre, PRO-Quest), and grey literature using selected MeSH and key words, such as '' community pharmacist'', ''general practitioner'' ''medicine use review''. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool. All studies reporting any of the clinical, humanistic, and economical outcomes using collaborative practice between CPs and GPs in management of asthma, such as CPs conducting medications reviews, patient referrals or providing education and counselling, were included. Results: A total of 23 studies (6 RCTs, 4 C-RCT, 3 controlled interventions, 7 pre-post and 3 case control) were included. In total, 11/14 outcomes were concluded in favor of CP-GP collaborative interventions with different magnitude of effect size. Outcomes, such as asthma severity, asthma control, asthma symptoms, PEFR, SABA usage, hospital visit, adherence and QoL (AQLQ, LWAQ) demonstrated a small effect size (d≥ 0.2) while, inhalation technique, ED visit and asthma knowledge witnessed medium ES (d≥ 0.5). In addition to that, inhalation technique yielded large ES (d≥ 0.8) in RCTs subgroup analysis. However, 3 outcomes, FEV, corticosteroids usage and preventer to reliever ratio did not hold significant ES (d< 0.2) and thus, remain inconclusive. The collaboration was shown to be value for money in the economic studies in narrative synthesis, however, limited number of studies hinder pooling of data in meta-analysis. Conclusion: The findings from this review established a comprehensive evidence base in support of the positive impact of collaborative practice between CP and GP in the management of asthma