Calendar Anomalies in Stock Market: A Case of KSE 100 Index

This paper aims to investigate the calendar anomalies in Karachi Stock exchange by using KSE 100 index during the period of 2008 to 2012. The study examined the existence of week days, weekend and monthly seasonal anomalies. These calendar effects are examined by applying different statistical techniques. First of all series of daily and monthly returns were calculated. Then mean and standard deviation of daily and monthly returns were calculated. The values of mean and standard deviation have rejected the first two null hypothesis and accepted the third one. The results provide an evidence for the existence of calendar anomalies at KSE 100 index. The results showed that there is significant difference among the returns of days of the week, and Friday has highest mean average return which makes it confirm that weekend effect exists at KSE. Finally monthly anomaly in stock returns is also present because there is highest positive return in the month of March.     Keywords. Stock Market, Anomalies, weekday effect, weekend effect, monthly effect, Return

Nature and extent of perceived stigma among epileptics in Pakistan

Background: Epilepsy is one of the oldest disorders known to mankind. Often the social stigma (whether a “felt” stigma or an “enacted” stigma) attached to epilepsy is a greater handicap to the person with epilepsy compared to the disability associated with seizures or the side-effects from medications. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived sigma and discrimination among epileptics of Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan in the year 2016. A standardized pretested semi-structured questionnaire was completed by 120 epilepsy patients selected through purposive sampling from Department of Neurology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. Informed verbal consent was obtained prior to the interview. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 and Microsoft excel.Results: The average age of the sample participants was 18-50 years. Almost two third (68%) of the respondents were male. More than half (55%) of the sample was educated up to matriculation. Among them 28.5% were married. Three fifth (60%) of participants were unemployed.  More than half (60%) of the respondents reported discrimination in educational opportunities and three fourth (78.5%) in job opportunities. Results indicated that (75%) participants encountered social problem like being discriminated (30%), or segregated (11%) in performance of daily tasks and were avoided (58.8%) to get marry more often with the belief that people with epilepsy are infectious.Conclusions: The study concludes that there is significant perceived stigma among epileptics living in a big metropolitan city of a developing country. The nature of stigma includes discrimination in education, marriage and job opportunities. There is a need for public awareness programmes to address this ignored facet of epilepsy, since it has both medical as well as social implications

Assessing knowledge of lady health workers regarding sexually transmitted infections in rural Pakistan

Background: In a conservative culture with limited social mobility like Pakistan, a lady health worker (LHW) provides a valuable opportunity for women with STIs to be diagnosed early, referred for appropriate treatment, and can counsel regarding further prevention. The study was intended to assess LHWs knowledge regarding early assessment and referral of women with STIs in a rural area of Pakistan.Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at health centers in a district of interior Sindh, Pakistan called Badin. A sample of 105 lady health workers were recruited using systemic random sampling technique, during six months from September 2015 to March 2016. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22 and Microsoft excel.Results: Majority (29%) of LHWs were aged between 25 and 29 years. Half sample (51%) of LHWs were educated up to middle school and 6% were intermediate. Eighty-five percent respondents were married. More than half (59%) of LHWs were trained regarding STIs and 21.9% got the special training for it. Among them, 59% of respondents defined STIs correctly. Two thirds (67.6%) of participants knew the meaning of safe sex. One third (37%) of sample was aware of complications due to STIs during pregnancy. Two fifth of LHWs (40%) stated to refer the women with suspected STIs to the hospital for confirmation and further intervention. Near half of LHWs (48%) recommended the use of condom for prevention.Conclusions: The current study concludes that there are gaps in knowledge of LHWs regarding STIs which makes it unsatisfactory. Therefore in service periodical sensitization and advocacy workshops and trainings of these LHWs are recommended to fill information gaps, remove misinformation and provide quality information in a way that is linked to the women’s reproductive health in Pakistan

Correlation of Schmidt Hammer Rebound Numbers with Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Slake Durability Index of Dolomitic Limestone of Khyber, North Pakistan

The ultrasonic pulse velocity and slake durability index are the indirect techniques used widely for rock strength determination. Various experimental studies like slake durability apparatus, ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt hammer have been conducted on dolomitic limestone. The correlation of Schmidt hammer rebound number has been developed with these properties. The uniaxial compressive strength has been determined using the correlated rebound number. Statistical analyses were conducted and the most suitable models were recommended. The linear model was suited in correlation of Schmidt hammer and durability while exponential model appeared best fit with pulse velocity. Most of the tested samples show pulse velocity in the range of 1800-3800m/s. The mean value of pulse velocity was 2751 m/s while the rebound hammer value was 45. Using the correlations from literature the compressive strength calculated by rebound hammer and pulse velocity was 146MPa and 66MPa respectively

Optimal coincidence points of proximal quasi-contraction mappings in non-Archimedean fuzzy metric spaces

The aim of this paper is to present fuzzy optimal coincidence point results of fuzzy proximal quasi contraction and generalized fuzzy proximal quasi contraction of type1 in the framework of complete non- Archimedean fuzzy metric space. Some examples are presented to support the results which are obtained here. These results also hold in fuzzy metric spaces when some mild assumption is added to the set in the domain of mappings which are involved here. Our results unify, extend and generalize various existing results in literature.http://www.tjnsa.comam2016Mathematics and Applied Mathematic

Resurgence of Russia: A case Study of Syrian Crisis

This explanatory study focuses on the main attributes of Russian policy towards the Middle East. The Russian resurgence in the Middle East and its defensive posture towards the western military and economic policies in the region depicts that Russia is overwhelmingly feeling insecure towards its international standing. Russia is running a foreign policy which is less aggressive towards the Middle East and Syria. Russo-Syrian relations have always been more strategically oriented rather than more economic or cultural. It is a fact that Syria will remain an important ally of Russia for the coming years because of the decades of old strategic partnership. Syrian Crisis has divided the world into two blocks, thus resulting into New Cold War. All the major powers should form an environment for negotiation with the help of UN, instead of doing politics to fulfill their strategic, economic and military interests

Detection of atrial fibrillation using a machine learning approach

The atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most well-known cardiac arrhythmias in clinical practice, with a prevalence of 1–2% in the community, which can increase the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. The detection of AF electrocardiogram (ECG) can improve the early detection of diagnosis. In this paper, we have further developed a framework for processing the ECG signal in order to determine the AF episodes. We have implemented machine learning and deep learning algorithms to detect AF. Moreover, the experimental results show that better performance can be achieved with long short-term memory (LSTM) as compared to other algorithms. The initial experimental results illustrate that the deep learning algorithms, such as LSTM and convolutional neural network (CNN), achieved better performance (10%) as compared to machine learning classifiers, such as support vectors, logistic regression, etc. This preliminary work can help clinicians in AF detection with high accuracy and less probability of errors, which can ultimately result in reduction in fatality rate

The Impact Of Ethical Values On The Corporate Social Responsibility In Public Sector Of Pakistan

This research paper shows that ethical values in the organization have impact on the CSR activities of the organization. All the parameters, the researchers use in the  research is well tested and exercised before. To explain the  point of view in well understandable manner, a structured model is derived from the literature on the topic of the research. This result also helps the public sector organizations of PAKISTAN to understand the reasons and causes of few CSR activities in this sector. Also gives them some recommendation to improve their processes for establishing the CSR culture in their organizations. Key words: Corporate social responsibility, Ethical values, Motivatio

Protozoidal activities of Eucalyptus cammeldulensis, Dalbergia sissoo and Acacia arabica woods and their different parts on the entozoic flagellates of Heterotermes indicola and Coptotermes heimi

Different parts of three woods of Eucalyptus cammeldulensis, Dalbergia sissoo and Acacia arabica were analyzed for their toxicity potentials against two species of termites (Heterotermis indicola and Coptotermis heimi). Termite workers were allowed to feed on 2 g complete wood powder of plant species and their parts, including; bark, sapwood and heartwood. Samples of flagellates were collected after each 24 h from the termites’ gut and they showed a significant variation in their mortality rate as per the wood species and their parts used in the experiments. After six days, mortality rates in flagellates were 100% with all wood parts of E. cammeldulensis, whereas it was 87.2, 47.61 and 100% with bark, sapwood and heartwood of D. sissoo respectively. However, in the case of A. Arabica, only bark inflicted 44.5% mortality on the flagellates in termites on the 6th day. It is revealed from the results that different woods or their specific parts have some specific toxic compounds that inflicted varying degree of toxicity on enteric flagellates of termites. Considering the toxigenic nature of different woods and their respective parts, the three woods; E. cammeldulensis, D. sissoo and A. arabica and their parts barks, sapwoods and heartwoods were analyzed for the presence of water soluble constituents such as lignin, benzene-ethanol soluble components and alpha cellulose contents. However, it is highly recommended that such protozoicidal compounds should be isolated, purified and biochemically characterized in order to apply them as commercial products for the control of pest like termites, which cause a huge damage to woody plants, and their products.Keywords: Bark, sapwood, heartwood, Eucalyptus cammeldulensis, Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia arabica, termite flagellate

Occurrence of HCV genotypes in different age groups of patients from Lahore, Pakistan

Background: Hepatitis C virus is a small, enveloped single stranded, positive sense RNA virus. Different genotypes are distributed in different geographical areas of the world. Determination of HCV genotype is a powerful tool for the treatment of chronic and acute liver disease.Method: The present study was carried out to find the occurrence of different HCV genotypes in the city of Lahore, a populous city of Pakistan from January 2010 to December 2010. Blood sample of patients positive for anti HCV by ELISA as well as HCV by PCR were collected and plasma was separated. HCV viral RNA load was analyzed in these samples using Real Time PCR. Qiagen HCV mini kit for RNA extraction and Qiagen HCV amplification kit for PCR amplification were used. Amplicons were subjected to HCV genotyping using Third Wave Technology.Results: Among 489 patients, 211 (43.1%) patients were males and 278 (56.9%) were females. Occurrence of HCV in the age group of 36-45 years was 32.5 %. Occurrence of HCV genotype 1 was 9.6% (47), genotype 3a was 80.77% (395), genotype 3h was 1.0% (5) , genotype 4 was 4.9% (24), co-infection of genotypes 1 & 2 was 0.2% (01), co-infection of genotypes 1 & 3 was 0.6% (03) and co-infection genotypes 1 & 4 was 0.4% (02).Conclusion: HCV genotype 3a is most prevalent HCV genotype in subjected population during said duration with most infected people from 26 to 35 years of age. Female population is having more of HCV infection as compared to males