Assessments of Bone Height Loss in Telescopic Mandibular Implant-Retained Overdentures Retained by Two and Four End - Osseous Implants: A Randomized Clinical Trial

AIM: This randomized clinical study aimed to assess bone height loss when using mandibular implant overdentures retained by two and four endosseous implants using the telescopic attachments. METHODS: Twelve completely edentulous patients were randomly allocated so that six patients were treated by telescopic implant overdenture retained by two implants (group A) and six patients were treated with overdentures retained by four implants (group B). Digital radiographic evaluation of bone height using Digora was made starting at the functional loading day followed by time intervals of 12 months. RESULTS: No implant loss during the healing period or after functional loading. Radiographic evaluation revealed a statistically significant difference was found between (Group A) and (Group B) were (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: For bone loss, widely distributed four intraforaminal implants revealed more bone preservation than only two implants when using the telescopic attachments to support and retain an over dentures taking in consideration the type of the attachment will be used

The unaccompanied foreign minors of Melilla. Analysis of their situation and proposal of socio-educational training

Introducción: El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es conocer la realidad que viven los menores extranjeros no acompañados en Melilla con la doble finalidad de elaborar una propuesta de formación para ellos y de concienciar a la ciudadanía en general, y particularmente a la melillense, sobre su situación. Metodología: Hemos analizado el marco legal correspondiente y, para el estudio de campo, los hemos entrevistado siguiendo un guión semiestructurado. Para completar el conocimiento de la realidad, hemos entrevistado a varios ciudadanos de Melilla con la finalidad de conocer su percepción y valoración sobre estos menores que viven en la ciudad. También hemos utilizado una entrevista semiestructurada. Para ambos colectivos hemos utilizado una selección intencionada de los participantes, buscando su disponibilidad para la colaboración y su compromiso de sinceridad, criterios que han condicionado significativamente su selección, especialmente en el caso de los menores. Resultados: Hemos constatado las carencias y dificultades que viven los menores extranjeros no acompañados en Melilla, que en muchos casos no se solucionan por parte de las instituciones encargadas de su tutela al amparo de la legislación específica. Igualmente, se aprecia una gran diferencia entre las opiniones de los propios menores y la de los ciudadanos melillenses sobre su situación, lo que refuerza los casos de exclusión y marginación. Conclusiones: El estudio de la situación de estos menores, contrastando las versiones que ellos nos han dado con las que ofrecen los ciudadanos melillenses, analizándolas a la luz del marco legal y de los principios educativos que rigen su atención escolar y social, nos ha permitido elaborar una propuesta formativa para los menores y reclamar la necesidad de hacer otra para los ciudadanos melillenses.Introduction: The main objective of this work is to know the reality that unaccompanied foreign minors live in Melilla with the dual purpose of developing a training proposal for them, and of raising awareness about their situation among citizens in general, but specifically among those of Melilla. Methodology: We analyzed the corresponding legal framework and, for the field study, we interviewed them following a semi-structured script. To complete the knowledge of the reality, we interviewed several citizens of Melilla with the purpose of knowing their perception and appraisal on these children who live in the city. We also used a semi-structured interview. For both groups we used an intentional selection of the participants, seeking their availability for collaboration and their commitment to sincerity, criteria that significantly determined their selection, especially in the case of the minors. Results: We have verified the shortcomings and difficulties experienced by unaccompanied foreign minors in Melilla, which in many cases are not solved by the institutions responsible for their protection under the specific legislation. Likewise, there is a great difference between the opinions of the minors themselves and that of the citizens of Melilla about their situation, which reinforces the cases of exclusion and marginalization. Conclusions: The study of the situation of these children, contrasting the versions offered by the minors and by Melilla citizens, and analyzing them in the light of the legal framework and of the educational principles that govern their school and social attention, allowed us to design a training proposal for these minors, and to demand the necessity of designing another for the citizens of Melilla

LOS MENORES EXTRANJEROS NO ACOMPAÑADOS DE MELILLA. ANÁLISIS DE SU SITUACIÓN Y PROPUESTA DE FORMACIÓN SOCIOEDUCATIVA

Introduction: The main objective of this work is to know the reality that unaccompanied foreign minors live in Melilla with the dual purpose of developing a training proposal for them, and of raising awareness about their situation among citizens in general, but specifically among those of Melilla.Methodology: We analyzed the corresponding legal framework and, for the field study, we interviewed them following a semi-structured script.To complete the knowledge of the reality, we interviewed several citizens of Melilla with the purpose of knowing their perception and appraisal on these children who live in the city. We also used a semi-structured interview.For both groups we used an intentional selection of the participants, seeking their availability for collaboration and their commitment to sincerity, criteria that significantly determined their selection, especially in the case of the minors.Results: We have verified the shortcomings and difficulties experienced by unaccompanied foreign minors in Melilla, which in many cases are not solved by the institutions responsible for their protection under the specific legislation. Likewise, there is a great difference between the opinions of the minors themselves and that of the citizens of Melilla about their situation, which reinforces the cases of exclusion and marginalization.Conclusions: The study of the situation of these children, contrasting the versions offered by the minors and by Melilla citizens, and analyzing them in the light of the legal framework and of the educational principles that govern their school and social attention, allowed us to design a training proposal for these minors, and to demand the necessity of designing another for the citizens of Melilla.Introducción: El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es conocer la realidad que viven los menores extranjeros no acompañados en Melilla con la doble finalidad de elaborar una propuesta de formación para ellos y de concienciar a la ciudadanía en general, y particularmente a la melillense, sobre su situación. Metodología: Hemos analizado el marco legal correspondiente y, para el estudio de campo, los hemos entrevistado siguiendo un guión semiestructurado.  Resultados: Hemos constatado las carencias y dificultades que viven los menores extranjeros no acompañados en Melilla, que en muchos casos no se solucionan por parte de las instituciones encargadas de su tutela al amparo de la legislación específica. Igualmente, se aprecia una gran diferencia entre las opiniones de los propios menores y la de los ciudadanos melillenses sobre su situación, lo que refuerza los casos de exclusión y marginación. Conclusiones: El estudio de la situación de estos menores, contrastando las versiones que ellos nos han dado con las que ofrecen los ciudadanos melillenses, analizándolas a la luz del marco legal y de los principios educativos que rigen su atención escolar y social, nos ha permitido elaborar una propuesta formativa para los menores y reclamar la necesidad de hacer otra para los ciudadanos melillenses

Synthesis of some novel pyridine and naphthyridine derivatives

2-[1-(Furan- or thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)malononitriles (1a,b) undergo dimerization reactions in ethanol catalyzed by sodium ethoxide to afford 2-[4,6-di(furan- or thiophen-2-yl)-3-cyano-6-methyl-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-ylidene]malononitrile derivatives (2a,b), respectively. Compounds 2a and 2b couple with arene diazonium salts (3a-c) to afford the hydrazo derivatives (4a-f). They react also with hydrazines (5a,b) to afford the pyrazolo[3,4-H][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives (6a-d) and with urea derivatives (7a-c) to afford the pyrimido[4,5-H][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives (8a-f), respectively

Synthesis of some new spirocyclic β-lactam and spirocyclic thiazolidin-4-one derivatives

Selective oxidation of 4-amino-2-methyl-5,10-dioxo-1,5,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[g]-quinoline-3-carbonitrile (1) with selenium dioxide provided, 4-amino-2-formyl-5,10-dioxo-1,5,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[g]quinoline-3-carbonitrile (2). The one-pot reaction of compound 2 with ethyl cyanoacetate and thiourea in ethanol yielded 4-amino-2-(5-cyano-6-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl)-5,10-dioxo-1,5,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[g]-quinoline-3-carbonitrile (3). The cycloaddition reaction of chloroacetic acid with compound 3 yielded 7-(4-amino-3-cyano-5,10-dioxo-1,5,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo-[g]quinolin-2-yl)-3,5-dioxo-3,5-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile (4). Moreover, Ehrlich-Sachs condensation reaction of compound 4 with the aromatic nitroso compounds 5a-c gave the corresponding new Schiff bases 6a-c. Staudinger's ketene-imine cycloaddition reaction of compounds 6a-c with chloroacetyl chloride afforded the corresponding spiro[chloroazetidinethiazolopyrimidine] derivatives, 7a-c. On the otherhand, cycoladdition reaction of thioglycolic acid with Schiff bases 6a-c yielded the corresponding spiro[thiazolidinethiazolopyrimidine] derivatives, 8a-c. Structures of the new compounds were elucidated by compatible analytical and spectroscopic (IR, 1H NMR and MS) measurements. Moreover, the reaction mechanisms that account for formation of the synthesized compounds have been discussed

Levels of certain tumor markers as differential factors between bilharzial and non-biharzial bladder cancer among Egyptian patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background/Objective</p> <p>Bladder cancer is the commonest type of malignant tumors as a result of schistosomaisis which is a major healthy problem in many subtropical developing countries. The aim of this study is to comparatively elucidate the underlying biochemical tumor markers in schistosomal bladder cancer versus non-schistosomal bladder cancer when compared to normal healthy ones.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This work was performed on tissue specimens from total 25 patients and serum samples from total 30 patients versus ten healthy individuals served as control. The investigated parameters in serum are: xanthine oxidase (XO), fructosamine, lactate dehydrogense (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total proteins, essential and non- essential amino acids profile, hydroxyproline, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-<it>α</it>). In addition, the current investigation also extended to study some markers in tumor bladder tissues including, pyruvate kinase enzyme (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results showed that biharzial bladder cancer patients recored more significant elevation in serum XO, fructosamine, LDH, AST, ALT, hydroxyproline, IgE and TNF-<it>α </it>than in bladder cancer patients when compared to control ones. While, in tissues there were significant increase in PK, LDH, AST & ALT activities of schistosomal bladder cancer than in bladder cancer as compared to control healthy patients.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It could be concluded that, bilharzial and non-bilharzial bladder cancer showed distinct biochemical profile of tumor development and progression which can be taken into consideration in diagnosis of bladder cancer.</p

The impact of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis on BIRADS categorization of mammographic non-mass findings

Introduction: Mammography is the most used breast screening tool and was proven to reduce breast-cancer-associated mortality. The estimated sensitivity of mammography varies between 77% and 95%; however, sensitivity could be 26% lower in dense breasts than in entirely fatty breasts. The ability to represent the complex 3D breast architecture and early changes in anatomical structures in a 2D view is the biggest challenge for mammography. In Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT), tomographic images are reconstructed from multiple projections acquired from different angles. This technique allows the generation of 3D data, reduction of tissue overlap and allows better evaluation of masses, architectural distortion, and asymmetries compared with conventional two-dimensional mammographic images.Objective: To evaluate the impact of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis on BIRADS categorization of mammographic non-mass findings.Methods: Prospective cohort for 180 women with mammographic non-mass findings who presented to Alexandria University Radio diagnosis Department either for screening or diagnostic purposes between July 2019 and August 2020 with mean age 51.44 ± 10.67 . Digital breast tomosynthesis and ultrasound was done for all patients. Lesions were evaluated on DM; DBT alone then combined DBT &amp; DM. Comparison of results according to changes in BIRADS, diagnostic performance using histopathology as gold standard.Results: 208 non-mass findings were detected by conventional mammography (104 asymmetry, 35 architectural distortion, 69 micro calcifications), Tomosynthesis reduced the BIRADS 3 count by 32%, upgraded the count of BIRADS 4 lesions by 11.4% while upgraded the BIRADS 2 by 18.9% with consequent improvement of sensitivity and specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy to 96%, 95%, 94%,97%, and 95.6%.Conclusion: Combined FFDM and DBT improved the diagnostic performance in evaluation of non-mass findings and proper BIRADS categorization

Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy And Its Adverse Outcomes

Abstract: Violence against women by their intimate partners (IPV) during pregnancy may lead to negative pregnancy outcomes. We assess the impact of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and its adverse outcomes. The Design: Retrospective study implemented in 14 primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Madinah Al-Menawarh city, KSA for 4 months. Methods: A total number of four hundred and four pregnant women between the age of 15 and 35 years old were included in this study. A pre-constructed interviewing questionnaire and Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) were used for the purpose of data collection. Result: The findings revealed that there was a highly statistically significant association between exposure to IPV and adverse outcomes. Conclusion: IPV should be recognized as a potential cause of abortion, preterm birth and bleeding. Counseling of women experiencing abuse should be provided

Omenn Syndrome : Two Case Reports

Omenn syndrome is a variant of combined severe immunodeficiencydue to mutations in RAG genes. It is characterized by polymorph symptoms andlethal outcome. We report on two cases of Omenn syndrome. Infants were aged 50and 46 days. The clinical and biological signs were typical and complete in the firstcase. In the second case, only the cutaneous signs were present. Diagnosis was confirmedby genetic study. The Rag1 T631 mutation was found in these two patients.Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could not be done and the evolution wasfatal in both cases because of severe infectious episodes. Prenatal diagnosis wasperformed in the two families and each family has currently a healthy child. In conclusion,early diagnosis of Omenn syndrome may avoid infectious complicationsresponsible for delay in therapeutic management. Genetic study confirms the diagnosis.The treatment usually consists of hematopoietic stem cell transplantationin association with immunosuppressive drugs. Prenatal diagnosis is very importantto allow parents to have healthy children.</p