The effect of the eight weeks Pilates exercises on sagittal spinal posture abnormalities in women heart patients after open heart surgery

Background and aims: Postural abnormality of the spine associated with physiological, functional and psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks Pilates exercises on forward head, kyphosis and lordosis in women with cardiac patients after open-heart surgery. Methods: 22 women with heart disease were selected and randomly divided into two equal experimental (n=11, mean and standard deviation, age 60.4±8.8 year, height 157.5±6 cm, weight 77.5±13 kg) and control group (n=11, mean and standard deviation, age 62.8±8.1 year, height 154.4±3 cm, weight 77.4±9.5 kg). The experimental group for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session began one hour to do Pilates exercises. Angle of the forward head was measured by special goniometer and kyphosis and lordosis angle value were measured by flexible ruler. The data were analyzed using the independent and paired t-tests. Results: Findings showed the significant improvement of the forward head angle (P0.05). In addition, no significant difference was found in the average lordosis angle in the experimental group compared to the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study can be concluded that Pilates exercise causes improved forward head posture in patients. So, it can be used as intervention training for this group of patients

The effect of weight and duration of carrying backpack on forward head, kyphoses and lordoses in 14-18 year-old girls

Background: In recent years, the weight of school backpack has become a growing concern and carrying the heavy backpack causes postural deformity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect weight and duration of carrying backpacks on forward head, kyphoses and lordoses in 14-18 year-old girls. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 262 girls with the mean age 15.5±1.1 years, height 160±6 cm, weight 56.4±12.5 kg, backpack weight 3.98±1.3 kg, and duration of carrying 17.5±8.5 min were randomly selected. Then, 45 healthy girls (mean age, 15.8 years) were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into three groups based on basic measurements including the weight of backpack 3.5, 4.8 and 6.1 kg in 16, 21 and 27 minutes, walking on the treadmill with 1.6 meters per second. The forward head, kyphoses, and lordoses were measured before and after walking on treadmill. Results: Results showed that carrying backpacks more than 3.5 kg in 16 min increased the kyphoses angle (P=0.048). Moreover, the results showed that carrying backpacks with any weight significantly increased lumbar lordoses angles. However, no significant difference was observed in changes of forward head posture among the three groups. Conclusion: Carrying heavy backpacks can increase kyphoses in girls. So, they should avoid carrying backpacks 6 heavier than their weight for more than 16 minutes

Effectiveness of Injury Prevention Programs on Developing Quadriceps and Hamstrings Strength of Young Male Professional Soccer Players

Muscular strength is an important factor which is crucial for performance and injury prevention in mos

Can We Modify the Intrauterine Environment to Halt the Intergenerational Cycle of Obesity?

Child obesity is a global epidemic whose development is rooted in complex and multi-factorial interactions. Once established, obesity is difficult to reverse and epidemiological, animal model, and experimental studies have provided strong evidence implicating the intrauterine environment in downstream obesity. This review focuses on the interplay between maternal obesity, gestational weight gain and lifestyle behaviours, which may act independently or in combination, to perpetuate the intergenerational cycle of obesity. The gestational period, is a crucial time of growth, development and physiological change in mother and child. This provides a window of opportunity for intervention via maternal nutrition and/or physical activity that may induce beneficial physiological alternations in the fetus that are mediated through favourable adaptations to in utero environmental stimuli. Evidence in the emerging field of epigenetics suggests that chronic, sub-clinical perturbations during pregnancy may affect fetal phenotype and long-term human data from ongoing randomized controlled trials will further aid in establishing the science behind ones predisposition to positive energy balance

Effects of fatigue on selected injury risk factors in Association football

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Comparison of the Effects of Vibration Technique and Resistive Exercise on Knee Pain and Proprioception in Patients with Chondromalacia Patellae

Abstract: Background & Aims: Chondromalacia patella is one of the chronic dysfunctions of the patella femoral joint which is the most common anterior knee syndrome especially among the youth. Muscle weakness and proprioception deficit are the subsequent problems of this dysfunction. Thus, the aim of this study was the investigation and comparison of the effects of vibration training and resistive exercise on this disorder. Methods: In the present study, 35 men (mean ± standard deviation of: age = 22.6±2.9 years, height = 175.5±8.3 cm, and weight =77.6±9.3 kg) were selected via convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups, including the vibration technique (n=12), resistive exercise (n=12), and control (n=11). The first two groups followed their own specific protocol 3 days per week for 8 weeks, and were forbidden from participating in any sport or physical activity. Pain intensity and active angle reproduction error (AARE) for 45? knee flexion were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Biodex system. Results: The pain and AARE were decreased significantly in both experimental groups in comparison to the control group (P<0.001). However, in patients who performed vibration training, pain (P<0.001) and AARE (P?0.001) decreased more significantly than those treated with resistive exercise. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both therapeutic interventions can reduce pain and improve proprioception in patients with chondromalacia patella; however, the vibration technique has more suitable effects. Keywords: Chondromalacia patella, Vibration technique, Resistive exercise, Proprioceptio

Comparison of the Effects of Therapeutic exercise and Pilates Training on Function and Proprioception in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) as one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders, leads to joint degeneration and consequent deterioration of function and proprioception. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercise on knee OA. Materials & Methods: Forty-one male individuals were randomly categorized into three groups, including Pilates, conventional exercise therapy, and control. Proprioception, objective assessment of functional performance, and patients’ pain and disability were examined using Biodex system, aggregate time of four activities of daily living, and Lequesne Index. Descriptive statistical, One-Way ANOVA, and Scheffe test were utilized to analyze the data (P<0.05). Results: The result of descriptive analysis of demographic data was as follow: (Mean±SD: Age 52.1±8.9 years, Time of knee OA involvement 23.3±11.2 months). While there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the experimental groups in improving of functional status and angle reproduction error, they both resulted in more significant (P<0.001) influence than the control. However, significant improvement (P<0.001) in Lequesne Index was gained by participants who followed the exercise protocols, but the Pilates technique had more significant (P<0.05) effects. Conclusion: Pilates training can improve functional ability and proprioception in patients with knee OA. Further studies are required to find out the mechanism

The effect of Fifa 11+ injury prevention program on hamstrings and quadriceps isometric muscle strength in Iranian young professional soccer players

Introduction: There is no surprise that the knee is the most common injured joints in soccer players. Also muscles strength is known as one of the most important factors for preventing muscle and ligament injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FIFA 11+ injury prevention program on knee isometric muscle strength in young professional male soccer players. Materials and Methods: Isometric knee strength was assessed in twenty four professional soccer players. They classified equally into two experimental and control groups. Parameters were measured by Biodex (version 3) in 30°, 60°, and 90° knee flexion angles. Paired and Independent sample t-test, and two-way repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the quadriceps’ isometric strength in 90-degree was significantly higher in pre-test than post-test (P ≤ 0.05). Significant difference was observed in quadriceps’ peak torque in control and experimental groups in 30 degree (P < 0.001), 60 degree (P ≤ 0.05), and 90 degree knee flexions (P ≤ 0.05). In experimental group, there is statistically significant between three knee flexion angles in quadriceps peak torque (P < 0.001), while maximum peak torque was found in 90 degree (303.6 N/m). Prominent differences in hamstrings’ peak torque were seen between three knee flexion angles of experimental group (P < 0.001). Maximum torque produced by the hamstring muscles was discovered in 30 degree knee flexion (155.1 N/m). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the FIFA 11+ program could be an effective muscle strengthening training in young professional soccer players to improve knee muscles endurance and strength. It is recommended that more exercises program which aimed to increase hamstring strength such as hamstring curl should be added to FIFA 11+ training program. Keywords: FIFA 11+, Soccer, Hamstrings, Quadricep

Profile injuries and musculoskeletal abnormalities of elite wushu athletes

The objective of this study was to investigate the profile of sports injuries and postural abnormalities of elite wushu athletes. Participants were recruited purposefully (n = 51, age 16.3 (4.9 years, height 165.4 (13.9 cm and weight 52.6 (14.7 kg) and informed consent participated in the study. Injury report form (including type, anatomic site, etiology and mechanism of injury) was used to record the damage. Posture was assesses using Grid Chart, flexible ruler, calipers and mirror box were performed. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods, chi-square was used. 166 injuries and 167 postural abnormalities were recorded. Injury type, anatomical location, and mechanism of injury and abnormalities in elite status was significantly different (P&gt;0.05). 6.85 injuries per 1000 hours exposure and the risk of 8.91 injuries per 1000 athlete exposures was estimated. The most common types of injury were contusion (36.7%), hematoma (20.5%) and abrasions (13.3%) respectively. Based on the anatomic site of injury, lower extremities (47.6%), head and face (25.9%), upper extremities (13.9%) and trunk (12.7%) were injured mostly respectively. Opponent's Blow down technique (24.7%), previous injury (16.3%), lack of physical fitness (12.7%) and fatigue (12%) were in top priority. Receiving kicks (21%), Receiving punches (13.8%) and throwing technique by opponent (12%) were the most common mechanisms of injury. Flat foot (29.3%), uneven shoulders (25.7%) and scoliosis (16.2%) were the most common postural abnormalities