Одбранбени елементи кај доцноантичките утврдувања во Брегалничкиот басен

Во доцната антика во Брегалничкиот басен населените места се утврдувале за одбрана и заштитата од непријателски напади. Некои од нив претставувале новоизградени утврдувања, додека пак други биле обновени во текот на овој период. Сите тие располагале со одбранбени елементи кои овозможувале поефикасна одбрана и заштита на луѓето и материјалните добра кои се наоѓале во нив

Прилог кон проучувањето на неолитската и енеолитската архитектура од средниот тек на река Брегалница - ракопис

Во рамките на овој труд ќе бидат презентирани резултати од праисториската архитектура, од заштитните археолошки истражувања на неолитската населба Грнчарица, село Крупиште и енеолитското утврдување Богослов Камен2. Заштитните археолошки истражувања на локалитетите кои беа загрозени со изградбата на хидросистемот Злетовица беа изведени во периодот од 2007 до 2009 година

Градежни техники во античкиот период во Брегалничкиот басен

Темата го опфаќа перидот од раѓањето па се до заоѓањето на антиката во Брегалничкиот басен односно периодот од 5 век пред н.е. па се до крајот или првата деценија на 7 век, период кога со аваро словенските напади биле уништени и запалени сите доцноантички населби и утврдувања. Во рамките на античкиот период покрај тоа што се употребуваат и усовршуват градежни техники од праисторијата (opus caementicum, opus incertum и други), се појавуваат и нови техники на ѕидање (opus guadratum, opus mixtum, opus testaceum, opus vitatum, opus emplektion, комбинирана техника на ѕидање во која се вклучени две или три градежни техники). Во трудот ќе бидат обработени градежните техники кои се констатирани на археолошките локалитети, по пат на рекогносцирање или археолошки истражувања во долината на река Брегалница, со акцент на градежните техники на одбранбените ѕидови од фортфикициите, сакралните и профаните градби на Виничко кале и градот Баргал

Magnetic Drug Targeting: Developing the Basics

Focusing medicine to disease locations is a needed ability to treat a variety of pathologies. During chemotherapy, for example, typically less than 0.1% of the drugs are taken up by tumor cells, with the remaining 99.9% going into healthy tissue. Physicians often select the dosage by how much a patient can physically withstand rather than by how much is needed to kill all the tumor cells. The ability to actively position medicine, to physically direct and focus it to specific locations in the body, would allow better treatment of not only cancer but many other diseases. Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) harnesses therapeutics attached to magnetizable particles, directing them to disease locations using magnetic fields. Particles injected into the vasculature will circulate throughout the body as the applied magnetic field is used to attempt confinement at target locations. The goal is to use the reservoir of particles in the general circulation and target a specific location by pulling the nanoparticles using magnetic forces. This dissertation adds three main advancements to development of magnetic drug targeting. Chapter 2 develops a comprehensive ferrofluid transport model within any blood vessel and surrounding tissue under an applied magnetic field. Chapter 3 creates a ferrofluid mobility model to predict ferrofluid and drug concentrations within physiologically relevant tissue architectures established from human autopsy samples. Chapter 4 optimizes the applied magnetic fields within the particle mobility models to predict the best treatment scenarios for two classes of chemotherapies for treating future patients with hepatic metastatic breast cancer microtumors

Repatriation of Terrorist Fighters – the Macedonian Experience

Within the framework of the paper „Repatriation of terrorist fighters - success or a trick in the RN Macedonia“, the authors analyze the beginnings of 2012, when for the first time our country officially faced foreign terrorist fighters, as well as their repatriation. It was only after six years that the two Strategies for the fight against violent extremism and the fight against terrorism were adopted, i.e. in 2018. Namely, a brief review of the incrimination of these criminal acts is carried out, and we focus primarily on the part that follows the process of the return of foreign terrorist fighters and their families to their home country. Here, drawing of conclusions regarding the necessary segments and significant links in the system for an appropriate approach and completeness to deal with this issue is not lagging behind.Within the framework of the paper “Repatriation of Terrorist Fighters – the Macedonian Experience”, the authors analyze the beginnings of 2012, when for the first time our country officially faced foreign terrorist fighters, as well as their repatriation. It was only after six years that the two Strategies for the fight against violent extremism and the fight against terrorism were adopted, i.e. in 2018. Namely, a brief review of the incrimination of these criminal acts is carried out, and we focus primarily on the part that follows the process of the return of foreign terrorist fighters and their families to their home country. Here, drawing of conclusions regarding the necessary segments and significant links in the system for an appropriate approach and completeness to deal with this issue is not lagging behind

THE 2022 NATO MADRID SUMMIT AND THE NEW STRATEGIC CONCEPT PROVISIONS

The 2022 Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Alliance was held in Madrid in June 28-30. The Summit took place in the context of a conventional threat to the security of the Euro – Atlantic area as well as in a time of war on the European soil. NATO leaders discussed strategically important issues facing the Alliance, endorsed the New Concept of the Alliance, and made a series of key decisions that will have a direct impact on the future of the Alliance. Namely, at the Summit, the leaders agreed on fundamental shifts regarding the deterrence and defense doctrine, on the challenges and threats from the South related to the fight against terrorism and the 360-degree approach to deterrence and defense. They agreed to invest more in NATO with the intention to increase common funding for the Alliance’s adaptation to growing challenges such as climate change, and invited Sweden and Finland to join the Alliance. The Leaders agreed on long-term support measures for Ukraine by strengthening the Comprehensive Assistance Package and reaffirmed commoninterests and shared values. The Summit has set NATO’s new strategic direction for the future, ensuring that the Alliance will continue to adapt in a changing world in order, at any moment to be ready to provide protection to over one billion people living within its borders

KEY COMMITMENTS AND EXPECTATIONS FROM THE 2024 NATO SUMMIT IN WASHINGTON

In the period from 9 until 11 July, 2024, the 75 anniversary Summit of the Headsof State and Government of the Alliance was held in Washington, in the conditions of aconventional threat to the security of the Alliance and in a time of war on the soil of Europe.NATO leaders discussed strategically important issues related to deterrence and defense,long-term support for Ukraine and cooperation with the Alliance’s global partners. Thefocus in strengthening the Alliance’s defense and deterrence is placed through “investingin new, modern high-end military capabilities” and “increasing the readiness of our forces,”(Stoltenberg, 2024) all underpinned by major increases in defence spending across theAlliance by supporting the increase in defense spending.I have suggested that at the Summit, we agree a big NATO role in coordinating and providingsecurity assistance and training for Ukraine,” he said. “I strongly believe that we need afirmer, stronger institutionalized structure for the support. Ad-hoc, short term, voluntaryannouncements are good – but in the long term, we need more predictable, stronger supportfor Ukraine. In relation to the support of Ukraine, NATO is expected to increase its role inthe coordinating and providing security assistance and training for Ukraine. According toStoltenberg, this implies the establishment of a “firmer, stronger institutionalized structure”that will ensure a more predictable and sustainable long-term support of Ukraine. Cooperationwith partners is crucial for security and stability because security is not only a regional issuebut also a global issue

Metabolism within the tumor microenvironment and its implication on cancer progression: an ongoing therapeutic target

Since reprogramming energy metabolism is considered a new hallmark of cancer, tumor metabolism is again in the spotlight of cancer research. Many studies have been carried out and many possible therapies have been developed in the last years. However, tumor cells are not alone. A series of extracellular components and stromal cells, such as endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-infiltrating T cells, surround tumor cells in the so-called tumor microenvironment. Metabolic features of these cells are being studied in deep in order to find relationships between metabolism within the tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. Moreover, it cannot be forgotten that tumor growth is able to modulate host metabolism and homeostasis, so that tumor microenvironment is not the whole story. Importantly, the metabolic switch in cancer is just a consequence of the flexibility and adaptability of metabolism and should not be surprising. Treatments of cancer patients with combined therapies including anti-tumor agents with those targeting stromal cell metabolism, anti-angiogenic drugs and/or immunotherapy are being developed as promising therapeutics.Mª Carmen Ocaña is recipient of a predoctoral FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. Supported by grants BIO2014-56092-R (MINECO and FEDER), P12-CTS-1507 (Andalusian Government and FEDER) and funds from group BIO-267 (Andalusian Government). The "CIBER de Enfermedades Raras" is an initiative from the ISCIII (Spain). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript