Prediction of blast-induced air overpressure using a hybrid machine learning model and gene expression programming (GEP) : a case study from an iron ore mine

Mine blasting can have a destructive effect on the environment. Among these effects, air overpressure (AOp) is a major concern. Therefore, a careful assessment of the AOp intensity should be conducted before any blasting operation in order to minimize the associated environmental detriment. Several empirical models have been established to predict and control AOp. However, the current empirical methods have many limitations, including low accuracy, poor generalizability, consideration only of linear relationships among influencing parameters, and investigation of only a few influencing parameters. Thus, the current research presents a hybrid model which combines an extreme gradient boosting algorithm (XGB) with grey wolf optimization (GWO) for accurately predicting AOp. Furthermore, an empirical model and gene expression programming (GEP) were used to assess the validity of the hybrid model (XGB-GWO). An analysis of 66 blastings with their corresponding AOp values and influential parameters was conducted to achieve the goals of this research. The efficiency of AOp prediction methods was evaluated in terms of mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R 2 ), and root mean square error (RMSE). Based on the calculations, the XGB-GWO model has performed as well as the empirical and GEP models. Next, the most significant parameters for predicting AOp were determined using a sensitivity analysis. Based on the analysis results, stemming length and rock quality designation (RQD) were identified as two variables with the greatest influence. This study showed that the proposed XGB-GWO method was robust and applicable for predicting AOp driven by blasting operations

UTJECAJ IZLUŽIVANJA AMONIJEVA SULFATA NA ADSORPCIJU IONA RIJETKIH ZEMALJA I MEHANIČKA SVOJSTVA TLA

In-situ leaching (ISL) has gained prominence as a non-destructive method for rare earth element (REE) extraction, particularly in regions like China. However, concerns over the environmental impact and soil stability due to ISL activities have surfaced following a landslide incident. This article distills the essence of a comprehensive research endeavor that delves into the effects of ammonium sulfate ISL leaching, employing concentrations of 0.05M, 0.1M, and 0.5M, on soil mechanical properties. The study encompasses physicochemical, physical, and mechanical tests, unveiling substantial alterations in shear strength, cohesion, angle of internal friction, zeta potential, liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index following leaching. XRF and XRD analyses reveal the presence of REEs and distinctive mineral phases in the soil samples. Overall, ISL induces a weakening of the soil, raising concerns about potential slope failures and emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of ISL’s impact on soil properties in the context of REE mining.U pojedinim kineskim regijama terensko izluživanje postalo je važna nedestruktivna metoda za ekstrakciju elemenata rijetkih zemalja. Međutim, nakon incidenta s pojavom klizišta raste zabrinutost zbog utjecaja na okoliš i na stabilnost tla uslijed tih aktivnosti. Ovaj članak prikazuje bit opsežnoga istraživačkog pothvata koji istražuje učinke terenskoga izluživanja amonijeva sulfata, koristeći se koncentracijama od 0,05 M, 0,1 M i 0,5 M, na mehanička svojstva tla. Studija obuhvaća fizičko-kemijska, fizička i mehanička ispitivanja kojima se utvrđuju važne promjene u čvrstoći na smicanje, koheziji, kutu unutarnjega trenja, elektrokinetičkom (zeta) potencijalu, granicama plastičnosti i tečenja te indeksu plastičnosti nakon izluživanja. XRF i XRD analize otkrivaju prisutnost elemenata rijetkih zemalja i karakteristične mineralne faze u uzorcima tla. Općenito, terensko izluživanje izaziva slabljenje tla te izaziva zabrinutost zbog potencijalnih slomova na kosinama i naglašava potrebu za dubljim shvaćanjem utjecaja terenskoga izluživanja na svojstva tla u kontekstu rudarenja elemenata rijetkih zemalja

A study on Quraniyyun (Quranism) representatives and references

MakaleKur'âniyyûn, hadîsin hücciyetini tamamen reddeden veya hadîsleriçin gereken önemi vermeyen kimselere verilen addır. Bu kimseler, itikâd ve amel için sadece Kur’ân’ı yeterli görmektedirler. Bu makalede söz konusu ekolün bazı ileri gelenleri ve kaynakları tanıtılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 8 Şia mezhebine mensup Kur'âniyyûn ve 16 Ehl-i Sünnet’e mensup Kur'âniyyûn’lardan seçilerek faaliyetleri ve eserleri ile birlikte tanıtılmaktadır. Daha sonra ise Kur'âniyyûn ile ilgili 18 kitap, 22 makale ve 9 tez çalışması bilgisi verilmektedir.Quraniyyun (Quranism) is a name given to the ones who do not accept the hadiths as evidence and who do not give essential importance to hadiths. Those people accept only the Quran as evidence in theological and practical issues. In this article, some pioneers and sources of such ecole are introduced. Furthermore, in this work, 8 Shii Quraniyyun and 16 Quraniyyun from Ahli Sunnah are introduced with their works and activities. Moreover, information about 18 books, 22 articles, and 9 thesis which are related to Quraniyyun is give

UTJECAJ IZLUŽIVANJA AMONIJEVA SULFATA NA ADSORPCIJU IONA RIJETKIH ZEMALJA I MEHANIČKA SVOJSTVA TLA

In-situ leaching (ISL) has gained prominence as a non-destructive method for rare earth element (REE) extraction, particularly in regions like China. However, concerns over the environmental impact and soil stability due to ISL activities have surfaced following a landslide incident. This article distills the essence of a comprehensive research endeavor that delves into the effects of ammonium sulfate ISL leaching, employing concentrations of 0.05M, 0.1M, and 0.5M, on soil mechanical properties. The study encompasses physicochemical, physical, and mechanical tests, unveiling substantial alterations in shear strength, cohesion, angle of internal friction, zeta potential, liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index following leaching. XRF and XRD analyses reveal the presence of REEs and distinctive mineral phases in the soil samples. Overall, ISL induces a weakening of the soil, raising concerns about potential slope failures and emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of ISL’s impact on soil properties in the context of REE mining.U pojedinim kineskim regijama terensko izluživanje postalo je važna nedestruktivna metoda za ekstrakciju elemenata rijetkih zemalja. Međutim, nakon incidenta s pojavom klizišta raste zabrinutost zbog utjecaja na okoliš i na stabilnost tla uslijed tih aktivnosti. Ovaj članak prikazuje bit opsežnoga istraživačkog pothvata koji istražuje učinke terenskoga izluživanja amonijeva sulfata, koristeći se koncentracijama od 0,05 M, 0,1 M i 0,5 M, na mehanička svojstva tla. Studija obuhvaća fizičko-kemijska, fizička i mehanička ispitivanja kojima se utvrđuju važne promjene u čvrstoći na smicanje, koheziji, kutu unutarnjega trenja, elektrokinetičkom (zeta) potencijalu, granicama plastičnosti i tečenja te indeksu plastičnosti nakon izluživanja. XRF i XRD analize otkrivaju prisutnost elemenata rijetkih zemalja i karakteristične mineralne faze u uzorcima tla. Općenito, terensko izluživanje izaziva slabljenje tla te izaziva zabrinutost zbog potencijalnih slomova na kosinama i naglašava potrebu za dubljim shvaćanjem utjecaja terenskoga izluživanja na svojstva tla u kontekstu rudarenja elemenata rijetkih zemalja

Concordance of Continuing Education Programs with the Principles of Adult Learning and their Effectiveness: Perspectives of Nurses in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Continuing education is an essential component of the professionalization of nursing and could be viewed as a catalyst for the development of nursing practice. This study aimed to determine the concordance of the continuing education programs with the principles of adult learning and the effectiveness of these programs from the perspective of nurses. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 150 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2011 were selected using quota sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire which proved to be valid and reliable. The questionnaire had 3 sections, focusing on “Concordance rate of in-service training programs with the adult learning principles”, “Effectiveness rate of these programs”, and “the preferred educational methods”. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: 68% of participants were women and 89% had a BS degree in nursing. The mean score of compliance of continuing education program with principals of adult learning was 35.2±4.6 out of 65.The mean score for the effectiveness was 28.6±6.2 out of 55. As for adult learning principles, 46.9% of the participants rated the program weak. Conclusion: It is suggested that the continuing education program be revised in term of planning and implementing, based on the principles of adult learning in order to increase the effectiveness of this program

The Mechanisms to Attract Nurses’ Parthnership in Clinical Education: Perspective of Managers, Nursing Educators, and Staff Nurses

Introduction: Parthnership in clinical education is a duty for all those involved in providing health care. Nurses’ involvement in clinical education can reduce the gap between theory and practice. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms used by nursing educators to attract staff nurses’ parthnership in the delivery of clinical education. Methods: This is a qualitative content analysis study performed in year 2009. Fifteen nursing clinical educators, staff nurses, educational managers, and nurse managers of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and Tehran University of Medical Sciences participated in this study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Primarily, purposeful sampling was performed and continued using snowballing method and continued until data saturation. All interviews were recorded and subsequently transcribed. The analysis was carried out by qualitative content analysis method. Results: Six themes were discovered through rich and deep descriptions by participants. These include acquiring skillfulness supremacy, being realistic, commitment and responsibility, modesty, using other nurses’ experiences, and assertiveness. Conclusion: Nursing educators use their special approaches to make effective and appropriate personal and professional relationships with clinical nurses and transfer their experiences to the students. These personal mechanisms should be systematically supported through incorporation within organizational programs shared by academic and clinical institutes. This will enhance the efficacy of nursing educators in accomplishing their clinical rol

A Critical Review on Communication Paradigms Beteween Academic and Clinical Service Institutions in Nursing

Introduction: Clinical education is the duty of academic and clinical organizations and its effectiveness is influenced by the interaction of both organizations. Since the commencement of nursing profession, this interaction has experienced different paradigms. This paper is an endeavor for identification and critical analysis of these paradigms as well as the current trends of the interactions between educational and clinical institutions. Exploration of these patterns and their advantages and disadvantages could help the administrators of educational and clinical institutions in designation and choice of appropriate relationship paradigms. Methods: For this narrative review, an electronic search within three phases was performed in January 2008 to retrieve studies published from 1990 to 2008 through these databases: ISI Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, ERIC, and BNI. The key terms were clinical education, clinical practice models, clinical education model, models of shared learning in clinical practice, and partnership between university and clinical institutions. These articles were studied several times to identify and derive the type of communicational paradigm, significant characteristics, manners of communication, advantages, and disadvantages. Results: Four paradigms of communication between educational and clinical institutions in nursing profession were identified. These included service-orientation, organizational independence, shared models of clinical education, and intra-organizational partnership paradigm. Conclusion: A developing trend can be identified which is influenced by factors such as professional progress in nursing and changes in community expectations. The need for professionalism and expanding the body of knowledge in nursing makes it necessary to maintain nursing schools. The trend of communication paradigms is toward the establishment of partnership between these two independent organizations

‍Clinical Supervision System: A Method for Improving Educational Performance of Nursing Personnel

Introduction: Employing supervision methods which focuses on educational aspects may increase the effectiveness of nursing personnel's educational activities, especially patient education. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clinical supervision on the effectiveness of nurses' educational performance. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using static groups' comparison in which the control and experiment groups were compared by a post-test. Study samples included 72 patients who were matched and assigned into two distinct groups. Clinical supervision system was implemented through three steps in 3 wards of Samen-al-Aemme hospital in Mashhad for 6 months. The data gathering tool included patient information sheet, patient satisfaction from nurses' educational practice and rating scale of self-care knowledge and practice of patients. Data was gathered through interview and observation methods and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean scores of self-care knowledge and practice of the patients were 30.6 and 57.1 out of 100, in the control and experiment groups, respectively. The mean score of patients' satisfaction from nurses' educational practice was 19.6 in the control group and 20.9 in the experiment group, out of 24. So that, independent t-test showed a significant difference between these two groups. Conclusion: Implementing clinical supervision system through observation, feedback, discussion, and investigation, may develop nurses' knowledge and professional skills in patient education. Therefore, this supervision method could be regarded as an effective model for in-service education. More studies are required in order to investigate the effect of this model on other aspects of nurses' practice