A graph theoretical analysis of certain aspects of Bahasa Indonesia

In this paper the theory of knowledge graphs is applied to some characteristic features of the Indonesian language. The characteristic features to be considered are active and passive form of verbs and the derived noun

Exceedance probabilities for parametric control charts

Common control charts assume normality and known parameters. Quite often these assumptions are not valid and large relative errors result in the usual performance characteristics, such as the false alarm rate or the average run length. A fully nonparametric approach can form an attractive alternative but requires more Phase I observations than are usually available. Sufficiently large parametric families then provide realistic intermediate models. In this paper the performance of charts based on such families is considered. Exceedance probabilities of the resulting stochastic performance characteristics during in-control are studied. Corrections are derived to ensure that such probabilities stay within prescribed bounds. Attention is also devoted to the impact of the corrections for an out-of-control process. Simulations are presented both for illustration and to demonstrate that the approximations obtained are sufficiently accurate for use in practice. \u

Normal, parametric and nonparametric control charts, a data driven choice

Standard control charts are often seriously in error when the distributional form of the observations differs from normality. Recently, control charts have been developed for larger parametric families. A third possibility is to apply a suitable (modified version of a) nonparametric control chart. This paper deals with the question when to switch from the control chart based on normality to a parametric control chart, or even to a nonparametric one. This model selection problem is solved by using the estimated model error as yardstick. It is shown that the new combined control chart asymptotically behaves as each of the specific control charts in their own domain. Simulations exhibit that the combined control chart performs very well under a great variety of distributions and hence it is recommended as an omnibus control chart, nicely adapted to the distribution at hand. The combined control chart is illustrated by an application on real data. The new modified nonparametric control chart is an attractive alternative and can be recommended as well

Perbandingan Metode Fuzzy TIME Series dan Holt Double Exponential Smoothing pada Peramalan Jumlah Mahasiswa Baru Institut Pertanian Bogor

Peramalan merupakan kegiatan memprediksi nilai suatu variabel di masa yang akan datang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memprediksi jumlah mahasiswa baru Institut Pertanian Bogor dengan menggunakan metode fuzzy time series dan metode pemulusan eksponensial ganda dari Holt serta membandingkan kedua metode tersebut dengan cara melihat tingkat ketepatan peramalan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Metode fuzzy time series menggunakan himpunan fuzzy dalam proses peramalannya sedangkan metode pemulusan eksponensial ganda dari Holt menggunakan pemulusan nilai dari serentetan data dengan cara menguranginya secara eksponensial. Dalam meramalkan jumlah mahasiswa baru Institut Pertanian Bogor, metode fuzzy time series menghasilkan tingkat ketepatan peramalan yang lebih baik dengan nilai MAPE sebesar 6.41 % dibandingkan dengan metode pemulusan eksponensial ganda dari Holt dengan nilai MAPE sebesar 7.75 %. Setelah dilakukan studi kasus, metode pemulusan eksponensial ganda dari Holt akan lebih akurat hasil peramalannya jika data yang digunakan lebih banyak

Effectiveness of Multilevel Health Promotion on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Jember, East Java

Background: The need for multilevel and comprehensive health promotion programmes has become widely accepted, as has the importance of community approaches. Multilevel-Multicomponent (ML-MC) interventions are interventions that work on more levels at the same time and that involves more intervention components that are synchronized across levels. As a result, they require extensive community engagement. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of multilevel health promotion on enhancing exclusive breastfeeding practice among lactating women in Jember, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a mix method study (qualitative and quantitative) conducted in Jember, East Java. A sample of 245 lactating women was selected for this study, divided in 2 groups: 120 women with multilevel health promotion program and 125 women without multilevel health promotion program. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variable was multilevel health promotion program. The data were collected by questionnaire, indepth interview, and focus group discussion. Difference in percent of exclusive breastfeeding between the two groups was tested by chi square. Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Results: Percent of women who breastfed in the multilevel health promotion program was 2.4 times as many as that in the control group. Conclusion: Multilevel health promotion program is effective to enhance exclusive breastfeeding practice among lactating women. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, evaluation, promotion program, multileve

Prognostic factors at birth for stunting at 24 months of age in rural Indonesia

Background The problems of stunting are its high prevalence as well as the complexity of its risk factors. Identifying the modifiable prognostic factors at birth may reduce the shortterm as well as longterm effects of stunting in later life. Objective To estimate the influence of prognostic factors detected at birth for stunting at 24 months of age and the occurence of reversal of stunting at 24 months of age among children in a rural area of Indonesia. Methods Subjects (n=343) were born to mothers participating in a randomized controlled, double-blind, community-based study of vitamin A and/or zinc supplementation during pregnancy and followed from June 1998 to October 2000. The children were followed prospectively from birth until 2 years of age with monthly measurements of length from birth to 12 months, and again at 18 and 24 months. Data on potential prognostic factors detected at birth, i.e., maternal, child, and household facilities, were collected by trained field workers at home visits. The incidence and risk ratio were calculated to assess the influence of the possible prognostic factors detected at birth on stunting at 24 months of age among these children. Results Boys who were born prematurely had significantly higher risk of stunting at 24 months of age compared to girls born maturely. The incidences of stunting at 24 months of age according to gender, and gestational age were 33.9% boys vs. 22.5% girls (RR 1.80; 95%CI 1.06 to 3.09), and 33.3% premature vs. 27.6% mature (RR 7.11; 95%CI 2.07 to 24.48), respectively. Conclusion Boys who were born prematurely have significantly higher risk to become stunted at 24 months of age. The occurrence of reversal of stunting at 24 months of age is low