PENGUATAN ASAS HUKUM NEGARA SEBAGAI JAMINAN MEMPERKOKOH NILAI PERSATUAN DAN KESATUAN

The principle of law as a crystallization of the values that live in society, of course, must be in accordance with the conditions in which the community is located. In this case, of course, the principles of the Indonesian people must be in accordance with the values contained in the associations and the outlook of life of the nation itself; namely Pancasila as a source of legal principles for the Indonesian nation. In general, law is positioned as a tool to achieve the goals of the State, thus it is a tool or means and steps that can be used by the government to create a national legal system in order to achieve the ideals of the nation. It is the principle of unity and oneness that can achieve the goals expected by the Indonesian nation, namely a just and prosperous society or in the words of wisdom "Gemah Ripah Loh Jinawi- Tata Tentrem Kerta Raharja"

JUSTICE IN PARTNED IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF PANCASILA AS THE PARENT OF STRENGTHENING THE VALUE OF UNITY AND UNITY

Pancasila as the source of all sources of law in Indonesia. Especially is the side of the value of justice itself which reflects on justice with dignity as a characteristic of justice for the Indonesian nation. The theory of justice which is based on the values of Pancasila, especially the second principle, namely the principle of humanity that is just and civilized and is supported by the first principle of God Almighty. The terms fair and civilized as meant in the second principle of Pancasila, are interpreted by Notonagoro as a sense of humanity that is fair to oneself, to fellow humans, and toGod (causa prima). Based on this fair and civilized humanitarian principle, legal justice that is owned by the Indonesian nation is justice that humanizes humans. According to Teguh Prasetyo, justice that humanizes humans is called a dignified theory of justice. In the sense that even though someone has been legally guilty, that person must still be treated as a human being in accordance with their inherentrights. So that justice with dignity is justice that balances rights and obligations. The value of unity and integrity is based on and imbued with the first sila (divinity), the second principle (just and civilized humanity) and underlies and animates the fourth principle (democracy led by wisdom in deliberation / representation) and the fifth principle (social justice for all Indonesian people). Thus, the value of unity and integrity in question is unity and unity that is godly, humane, human, and just, which are the characteristics of the Pancasila legal system

SISTEM PEREKONOMIAN BERBASIS UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 1945

Bangsa Indonesia telah memiliki sistem perekonomian sendiri yang oleh parapendiri Negara telah dicanangkan, yaitu yang menekankan asas kebersamaan dan kekeluargaan, dalam arti penekanan pada aspek kemakmuran bersama di samping kemakmuran individu dan kelompok. Sistem ini secara konstitusional telah dijamin dalam Pasal 33 UUD 1945, yang menyebutkan bahwa sistem perekonomian Indonesia disusun sebagai usaha bersama berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan. Cabang-cabang produksiyang penting bagi Negara dan menguasai hajad hidup orang banyak dikuasai oleh Negara. Bumi dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh Negara dan dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya untuk kemakmuran rakyat. Sistem ini menekankan bahwa suatu usaha bersama berarti bahwa setiap warga Negara mempunyai hak dan kesempatan yang sama dalam menjalankan roda perekonomian dengan tujuan untukmensejahterakan bangsa. Oleh karena itu, negara harus mengambil bagian aktif dalam pengarahan perekonomian untuk mencapai (1) pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan tetap menjaga (2) kestabilan nilai uang (menghindari inflasi) dan dengan menjamin (3) tingkat pengangguran yang rendah dan (4) neraca perdagangan luar negeri yang seimbang. Dengan demikian, pembangunan ekonomi yang merupakan usaha bersama ata dasar kekeluargaan di bawah pengawasan anggota masyarakat, memotivasi danmendorongperan serta secara aktif. Keterkaitan dan kemitraan antar para pelaku dalam wadah kegiatan ekonomi yaitu pemerintah, badan usaha milik Negara, koperasi dan badan usaha swasta, dan sector informal harus diusahakan demi mewujudkanpertumbuhan, pemerataan dan stabilitas ؛ekonomi yang sesuai dengan system perekonomian Indonesia (pasal 33 ayat 1 UUD 1945)

DEVELOPING SITE-SPECIFIC ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS ESTIMATION IN PEAT SWAMP FORESTS OF ROKAN HILIR DISTRICT, RIAU PROVINCE, INDONESIA

In forest biomass assessment studies, the selection or development of reliable allometric biomass equations is an essential step which determines largely the accuracy of the resulted biomass estimates. Unfortunately, only few studies on allometric biomass equations have been conducted for peat swamp forests and the results are usually not publicly accessible or well documented. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop site-specific allometric equations for above-ground biomass (AGB) estimations in tropical peat swamp forests in Indonesia. These equations were developed based on 51 destructively sampled trees. The results indicated that the developed site-specific allometric equations have coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 95%. The R2 values ranged from 97.0% to 98.7%, where the lowest R2 value resulted from the simplest model which used only DBH as a predictor. Model 5, which used DBH, H and ρ as predictive variables, provided best performance when estimating the AGB of the study area. Hence, as long as reliable data are available as input, Model 5 is recommended. The accuracy and applicability of the allometric equations for peat swamp forests could be improved further by adding more sampled trees from different tree species and/or with a wider DBH range. Considering the importance of wood density in the estimation of the AGB and the lack of this information for peat swamp forest tree species, research should be dedicated to analysing the wood density of the dominant tree species comprising the majority of the AGB density in the study area

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOTAL TREE HEIGHT AND DIAMETER AT BREAST HEIGHT FOR TROPICAL PEAT SWAMP FOREST TREE SPECIES IN ROKAN HILIR DISTRICT, RIAU PROVINCE

Reliable information on total tree height (H) is fundamental in forest resource management and forest ecological studies, including in forest biomass assessment. Adding an H variable can improve the performance of the biomass allometric equations by reducing the average deviation significantly. However, measuring H is relatively complex, less accurate, time consuming, and expensive. Thus, H is only measured for sampled trees within the plots, whilst diameter at breast height (DBH) is commonly measured for each tree during the forest inventory. The missing H information is usually estimated based on a stand-specific allometric relationship between H and DBH (H-D model) constructed from sampled trees. Despite extensive studies on H-D model for boreal forests and for single-species/plantation forests, few studies have focused on tropical forests. Furthermore, relationships for peat swamp forest tree species, and especially those in Indonesia, have not been widely published. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop site-specific H-D models for tropical peat swamp forests using linearized and non-linear regression functions. The results indicated that the non-linear models outperformed the linearized models based on the statistical parameters and the biological criteria. The modified logistic function (Model 7) is recommended for estimating H in the study area as it has comparable model performances to the exponential function (Model 6) and passed the point diameter-height of (0, 1.3). However, all five non-linear models performed equally well and the differences between them were trivial. Further improvements are needed to improve the accuracy, the predictive ability and the geographical applicability of the models by grouping the species, adding stand variables and (or) using advanced techniques of mixed-effect modelling. In addition, model validation should be carried out prior to their application by collecting a new dataset from the forest being studied

HUKUM ADAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM NASIONAL BERBASIS PANCASILA

Sebagaimana diketahui, hukum adat mempunyai corak-corak tertentu sebagai sumber pengenalnya. Beberapa corak yang melekat dalam hukum adat yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pengenal dapat disebutkan yaitu corak yang tradisional, keagamaan, kebersamaan, konkret dan visual, terbuka dan sederhana, dapat berubah dan menyesuaikan, tidak dikodifikasi, musyawarah dan mufakat. Disinilah hukum adat lahir dari kebutuhan hidup, cara hidup, pola pikir, dan pandangan hidup suatu masyarakat. Dengan demikian, terlihat bahwa antara hukum dan masyarakat tidak dapat dilepas pisahkan, walaupun mungkin dapat dibedakan. Satjipto Rahardjo menyebutkan, bahwa hukum secara sosio-antropologis tidak dapat lepas dari konteks sosial-budaya dari mana hukum itu lahir, hidup, tumbuh, dan berkembang. Kembang kempisnya atau mati hidupnya hukum adat sejalan dengan kembang kempis atau mati hidupnya masyarakat hukum adat. Pembangunan di bidang hukum dalam Negara Hukum Indonesia adalah berdasar atas landasan sumber tertib hukum yaitu cita-cita yang terkandung pada pandangan hidup, kesadaran dan cita-cita moral yang luhur yang meliputi suasana kejiwaan serta watak dari bangsa Indonesia yang didapat pada Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Untuk itu hukum adat harus bisa mengambil peran dalam  embangunan hukum nasional. Dengan demikian, hukum adat dalam perspektif Pembangunan hukum nasional adalah hukum yang adil dan beradab yang mendorong kemajuan serta menjamin kesejahteraan hidup warganya

URGENSI PEMBARUAN KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA DALAM DINAMIKA MASYARAKAT INDONESIA

Pembaruan Kitab Undang-undang hukum pidana sebagai bagian dari politik kriminal sudah pada tempatnya dan sudah pada waktunya segera dilaksanakan. Undang-undang ini akan mempengaruhi pula formulasi pembentukan undang-undang pidana khusus, sesuai dengan kebutuhan hukum masyarakat dalam era keterbukaan pada abad ke-21. Dalam pembaharuan substansi KUHP baru juga harus mampu mengantisipasi berbagai perkembangan delik-delik baru pada proses perubahan masyarakat di dalam era reformasi, seperti masalah penyandraan, makar, teroris, delik-delik terhadap komunikasi lewat satelit, penghinaan peradilan (contempt of court), delik-delik yang berhubungan dengan komputer, teknologi informasi, ruang angkasa, delik-delik terhadap pencemaran lingkungan, kejahatan ekonomi dan bisnis yang semakin berkembang pesat dengan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Urgensi dari penerapan hukum pidana nasional nantinya lebih dapat mengakomodir kepentingan seluruh lapisan masyarakat Indonesia yang mana terdiri dari berbagai macam suku dan budaya yang menjadi dasar dari pembentukan rancangan undang-undang KUHP baru. Undang-undang yang baru merupakan hukum kalau isinya undang-undang itu sesuai / tidak bertentangan dengan kesadaran hukum dalam pergaulan hidup manusia dimana undang-undang itu berlaku. Unifikasi hukum hanya dilakukan apabila unifikasi itu membawa kearah keadilan, setidak-tidaknya tidak mengakibatkan ketidakadilan. Jadi unifikasi hukum “bukan kesatuan hukum demi kesatuan hukum, melainkan kesatuan hukum demi keadilan”

IMPLIKASI YURIDIS NIKAH SIRI DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN

Undang-Undang No. l Tahun 1974 In people's lives there is still a frequent way of marriage which is a violation of Law , especially article 2 paragraph 2, namely: "Each marriage is recorded according to the applicable laws and regulations". The definition of violation in the law, known as siri marriage. In this case the law must be understood as a set of rules governing, controlling society. Law in this sense is not part of the community system, but control of the community system. Law in this sense is not part of the community system, but control of the community system. According to Gustav Radbruch law must contain three basic values, namely: 1. Value of justice (philosophical aspect). The validity of the law is justified on the basis of human philosophical beliefs. 2. Value of certainty (juridical aspect). The law is enforced because it is determined by the state (gemeenschap), namely by the government and the people's representative council. 3. Value of benefits (sociological aspects). The validity of the law is due to social reality (society as a whole). In a sociological and philosophical view, siri marriage is relatively acceptable to the community, but judicially cannot be justified because it will have an impact on the low legal awareness of the community. Marriage recording does not determine the validity of a marriage, but only states that the marriage event actually happened, so it is merely administrative. Thus, the marriage is legitimate because it is carried out in accordance with religious law but has a weakness, namely the absence of a recording as referred to in article 2 paragraph 2 of  Undang-Undang No. l Tahun 1974 . In  reality the registration of marriages brought more good than bad in living in a society, so carrying out the registration of the marriage would be in line and not in conflict with religious norm

Kebijakan Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dalam Dalam Dinamika Keadilan Restoratif

Pembaruan hukum pidana dalam konteks tindak pidana korupsi pada hakikatnya mengandung makna, suatu upaya untuk melakukan reorientasi dan reformasi hukum pidana yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai sentral sosiopolitik, sosio-filosofis, dan sosio-kultural masyarakat Indonesia yang melandasi kebijakan sosial, kebijakan kriminal, dan kebijakan penegakan hukum di indonesia. Secara singkat dapatlah dikatakan, bahwa pembaruan hukum pidana pada hakikatnya harus di tempuh dengan pendekatan yang berorientasi pada kebijakan (policy-oriented approach) dan sekaligus pendekatan yang berorientasi pada nilai (value-oriented approach). Tuntutan teoritik maupun perkembangan pembaharuan hukum pidana di berbagai negara ada kecenderungan kuat untuk menggunakan mediasi penal sebagai salah satu alternative penyelesaian masalah di bidang hukum pidana. Tidak bisa dipungkiri lagi, bahwa praktek penegakan hukum di Indonesia dalam perkara pidana diselesaiak diluar pengadilan melalui diskresi aparat penegak hukum, yang kemudian meyebabkan tuntutan untuk mempositifkan bentuk-bentuk penyelesaian perkara diluar pengadilan semakin kuat

COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME AND NECK RANGE OF MOTION IN OFFICE EMPLOYEES

Introduction: A lot of employees working in front of a computer complaining about somesymptoms. Eye and vision problems connected to the prolonged use of a computer are calledComputer Vision Syndrome (CVS) or Digital Eye Strain. One of the symptoms of CVS isneck pain. In comparison, Range of Motion (ROM) is used to determine the ability of jointmovements. Aside from that, it can also be used to maintain flexibility and joint mobility.Purpose: To explain the association between Computer Vision Syndrome and the reductionin neck range of Motion in Employees.Method: The type of this research is analytic observational, and the design of this research isCross-Sectional Study. This research was conducted from Tuesday, 16th July 2019, untilWednesday, 17th July 2019, using CVS-Q and goniometer dy.Results: We collected 156 respondents that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Weobtain p=0,02, p <0,05 meaning there is an association between Computer Vision Syndromeand the neck range’s Motion.Conclusion: To conclude, there is an association between Computer Vision Syndrome andthe neck range’s Motion