Hyperfibrinogenemia is associated with lymphatic as well as hematogenous metastasis and worse clinical outcome in T2 gastric cancer

BACKGROUND: Abnormal hemostasis in cancer patients has previously been described, however the correlation between the plasma fibrinogen level and cancer metastasis and prognosis has not been reported in a large-scale clinical study. METHODS: Preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels were retrospectively examined in 405 patients who underwent surgery for advanced gastric cancer. The association of fibrinogen levels with clinical/pathological findings and clinical outcome was evaluated. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between plasma fibrinogen levels and the depth of invasion (p < 0.05). Hyperfibrinogenemia (>310 mg/dl) was independently associated with lymph node (Odds Ratio; 2.342, P = 0.0032) and liver (Odds Ratio; 2.933, P = 0.0147) metastasis, not with peritoneal metastasis in this series. Patients with hyperfibrinogenemia showed worse clinical outcome in T2 gastric cancer, however, there was no correlation of plasma fibrinogen level with prognosis in T3/T4 gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Our results might support the idea that hyperfibrinogenemia can augment lymphatic and hematogeneous metastasis of advanced gastric cancer, which is major determinant of the prognosis in T2 gastric cancer. Therefore, in the situation without peritoneal involvement, hyperfibrinogenemia is a useful biomarker to predict the possible metastasis and worse clinical outcome in T2 gastric cancer

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Maltose-binding protein switches programmed cell death in Nicotiana glutinosa leaf cells

Maltose-binding protein (MBP) is a part of the complex regulatory and transport maltose system of Escherichia coli that is responsible for the uptake and efficient catabolism of maltodextrins through the trans-membrane signaling at the expense of ATP. In the present work, this bacterial periplasmic protein was identified as a cell death inducer in Nicotiana glutinosa plant. Upon exogenous application at the concentrations more than 50 μg/mL, purified MBP protein induced wilting and localized cell death on the leaves of test plant. DNA fragmentation assay and antioxidant enzymes activity test showed that the induced cell death might be programmed. It was predicted that maltose-binding protein signals programmed cell death (PCD) upstream of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA fragmentation processes in the test plant leaves. However, it needs to be clarified that how MBP switches and signals PCD in plant tissues.Белок, связывающий мальтозу (МСБ), является частью сложной системы регуляции и транспорта мальтозы у Escherichia coli. Он отвечает за поглощение и эффективный катаболизм мальтозы с помощью трансмембранной передачи сигнала за счет АТФ. В настоящей работе показано, что этот бактериальный перипластный белок является индуктором клеточ-ной гибели у Nicotiana glutinosa. При экзогенном нанесении в концентрациях более чем 50 мг/мг очищенный МСБ индуцирует увядание и локали-зованную клеточную гибель в листьях тестовых растений. Анализ фрагментации ДНК и активности антиоксидантных ферментов показал, что индуцированная гибель клеток может быть запрограммированной. Предполагается, что МСБ может влиять на развитие программированной клеточной гибели через сигналинг активных форм кислорода и регуляцию процессов фрагментации ДНК в листьях тестовых растений, однако механизм такого воздействия подлежит дальнейшему исследованию