Invasion syndromes: a systematic approach for predicting biological invasions and facilitating effective management

Published: 02 March 2020Our ability to predict invasions has been hindered by the seemingly idiosyncratic context-dependency of individual invasions. However, we argue that robust and useful generalisations in invasion science can be made by considering “invasion syndromes” which we define as “a combination of pathways, alien species traits, and characteristics of the recipient ecosystem which collectively result in predictable dynamics and impacts, and that can be managed effectively using specific policy and management actions”. We describe this approach and outline examples that highlight its utility, including: cacti with clonal fragmentation in arid ecosystems; small aquatic organisms introduced through ballast water in harbours; large ranid frogs with frequent secondary transfers; piscivorous freshwater fishes in connected aquatic ecosystems; plant invasions in high-elevation areas; tall-statured grasses; and tree-feeding insects in forests with suitable hosts. We propose a systematic method for identifying and delimiting invasion syndromes. We argue that invasion syndromes can account for the context-dependency of biological invasions while incorporating insights from comparative studies. Adopting this approach will help to structure thinking, identify transferrable risk assessment and management lessons, and highlight similarities among events that were previously considered disparate invasion phenomena.Ana Novoa, David M. Richardson, Petr Pyšek, Laura A. Meyerson, Sven Bacher ... Jasmin Packer ... et al

Track A Basic Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138319/1/jia218438.pd

Modeling salinity drop in estuarine areas under extreme precipitation events within a context of climate change: effect on bivalve mortality in Galician Rías Baixas

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGThe mortality of infaunal bivalves (Venerupis corrugata, Cerastoderma edule, Ruditapes decussatus and Ruditapes philippinarum) due to a drop in salinity caused by extreme precipitation events in estuarine areas has been analyzed within a context of climate change. The Rías Baixas (NW Iberian Peninsula) were selected as a representative area of the estuarine environments where bivalve gathering is performed. Bivalve mortality under extreme precipitation events was analyzed both for historical (1990–2019) and future (2070–2099) periods. Precipitation data were retrieved from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) project under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario and were converted into river discharges using the HEC-HMS hydrological model. The calculated river discharges were introduced into the Delft3D hydrodynamic model and simulations were performed in order to calculate transport conditions in the Rías Baixas. Salinity data were analyzed to estimate the mortality of the species due to salinity drops. In general, future conditions of moderate and severe mortality may be worse than historically observed, being more intense and covering larger areas. This is mainly observed under neap tides due to less dilution of freshwater plumes when compared with spring tides. Although all the Rías Baixas may be potentially affected, the impact will differ for each ria, being Arousa, where the highest discharges occur, the most affected. The differences among rias, especially those with a similar discharge pattern as Pontevedra and Vigo, suggest that bathymetric features also play a key role in the extent of the area affected by mortality.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2017/64Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDP/50017/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDB/50017/202

Expression of MMP-2, -8 and -9 in Inflamed Pulp

2010 IADR/PER General Session (Barcelona, Spain)Objective: to assess the presence of MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 in different stags of pulp inflammation. Null hypothesis: 1- the expression pattern of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-8 does not change in respect to the stages of pulp inflammation; 2- there is no difference among MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-8 expression, considering the same period of pulp inflammation. Methods: Specimens were divided in groups according to criteria adopted of subjective and objective clinical diagnosis of pulp condition: GI- Control = healthy pulp (n=7); GII- Reversible Pulpitis (n=4); GIII– Pulpitis in transition stage (n=4); GIV- Irreversible Pulpitis/Necrosis (n=8). After extraction, teeth were cut below the cement-enamel junction, fixed with 10% formalin for 48h and washed in water (24h). Each tooth was 4µm thickness sectioned, adhered to silane coated glass slides and immunostained (IS). The following scores were used for MMPs IS semi-quantitative analysis: 0= absent; 1= mild; 2= moderate; 3= intense. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric statistical test (pGIV (pGIV (pGI (pGIV (pGIV (pGI (pGII (pGI (pGI (pGII (pGII (pMMP9 (pMMP-9 (pMMP-2 (pMMP-2 (p<0.01), MMP-2=MMP-8 and MMP-9=MMP-8. Conclusions: The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-8 varied according to the stage of pulp inflamation, in bolth OL and DP. MMP-2 is heigher expressed in healthy pulp. The heighest MMP-9 expression is related to inflamed pulp. MMP-8 is present in bolth health and inflamed pulp

Substituent and counterion effects on the formation of p-dimer dications of end-capped heptathienoacenes

We have investigated the impact of the functionalization and the chemical nature of counterions on the p-dimer dications formation in two end-capped heptathienoacenes. Radical cations of an a-substituted heptathienoacene with triisopropylsilyl groups do not p-dimerize, while those of an a,b-substituted heptathienoacene with four n-decyl side chains show a high propensity toward p-dimerization, increased by PF6 ÿ counterions

Dynamic interplay between RPL3- and RPL3L-containing ribosomes modulates mitochondrial activity in the mammalian heart

The existence of naturally occurring ribosome heterogeneity is now a well-acknowledged phenomenon. However, whether this heterogeneity leads to functionally diverse 'specialized ribosomes' is still a controversial topic. Here, we explore the biological function of RPL3L (uL3L), a ribosomal protein (RP) paralogue of RPL3 (uL3) that is exclusively expressed in skeletal muscle and heart tissues, by generating a viable homozygous Rpl3l knockout mouse strain. We identify a rescue mechanism in which, upon RPL3L depletion, RPL3 becomes up-regulated, yielding RPL3-containing ribosomes instead of RPL3L-containing ribosomes that are typically found in cardiomyocytes. Using both ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) and a novel orthogonal approach consisting of ribosome pulldown coupled to nanopore sequencing (Nano-TRAP), we find that RPL3L modulates neither translational efficiency nor ribosome affinity towards a specific subset of transcripts. In contrast, we show that depletion of RPL3L leads to increased ribosome-mitochondria interactions in cardiomyocytes, which is accompanied by a significant increase in ATP levels, potentially as a result of fine-tuning of mitochondrial activity. Our results demonstrate that the existence of tissue-specific RP paralogues does not necessarily lead to enhanced translation of specific transcripts or modulation of translational output. Instead, we reveal a complex cellular scenario in which RPL3L modulates the expression of RPL3, which in turn affects ribosomal subcellular localization and, ultimately, mitochondrial activity