Precooling Parameters Of 'roxo De Valinhos' Figs (ficus Carica L.) Packed In A Carton Box

Introduction. Figs of the variety 'Roxo de Valinhos' are currently cooled in a cold room at a temperature between (1 and 3)°C, and it is unknown how long it takes to cool the fruits to that temperature. The work was based on the need to determine the parameters of forced-air precooling of figs packed in a carton box used for exportation and commercialization in São Paulo State, Brazil. Materials and methods. The fruits were harvested at the harvest rami stage (3/4 of maturity) and at size "type 8", corresponding to eight fruits per box, making up a total of 24 fruits per package. Forty-eight packages were utilized, 24 on each side to form a Californian tunnel. The airflow was 2.8 L·s-1 per kg of product, with an average velocity of the air of 2.0 m·s-1. The initial interior temperature of the fruits was 20°C and the final temperature was 1°C. The evolution of the fig interior temperature was registered. Results. The cooling curve was drawn and the exponential analytical model to predict the precooling parameters was made based on the experimental data. The cooling curve of fig showed a typical behavior; the average fruit temperature during precooling presented a rapid fall at the beginning of the cooling, and slowly declined when it was close to the final temperature. Conclusion. The cooling time was 110 min, the cooling coefficient was 0.0344 min-1, the Biot number was 1.3 and the convective heat transference coefficient was 23.8°C·W -1·m-2. © 2006 Cirad/EDP Sciences All rights reserved.616401406Turk, R., Effects of harvest time and pre-cooling on fruit quality and cold storage of Ficus carica L. cv. 'Bursa syahjiu (1989) Acta Hortic, 258, pp. 279-285Dincer, I., Thermal cooling data for figs exposed to air cooling (1995) Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf, 22, pp. 559-566Dincer, I., Transient heat transfer analysis in air cooling of individual spherical products (1995) J. Food Eng, 26, pp. 453-467Leal P.A.M., Cortez L.A.B., Métodos de préresfriamento de frutas e hortalizas, in: II Curso Atual. Tecnol. Resfr. Frut. Hortal., Fac. Eng. Agríc. (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil, 1998, pp. 81-91Talbot, M.T., Chau, K.V., (1991) Precooling strawberries, p. 942. , Inst. Food Agric. Sci, Univ. Fla, Circ, USAFraser H.W., Forced-air cooling of fresh Ontario fruits and vegetables, Minist. Agric. Food., Toronto, Ontario, 1991Chau K.V., Mathematical modelling of postharvest processes, Grupo Tecnol. Pós-Colheita, Univ. Estadual Campinas, Fac. Eng. Agríc., Campinas-SP, Brazil, 2001Dussán-Sarria S., Honório S.L., Condutividade e difusividade térmica do figo (Ficus carica L.) 'Roxo de Valinhos', Rev. Bras. de Eng. Agríc. 24 (2004) 185-194Mohsenin, N.N., (1980) Thermal properties of foods and agricultural materials, Gordon Breach Sci, pp. 198-224. , Publ, New York, USAGoyette, B., Vigneault, C., Panneton, B., Raghavan, G.S.V., Method to evaluate temperature at the surface of horticultural crops (1997) Can. Agric. Eng, 38, pp. 292-295(1998) Methods of precooling fruits, vegetables and ornamentals, Am, pp. 14.1-14.10. , Soc. Heat. Refrig. Air-Cond. Eng, ASHRAE, Refrigeration handbook Inc, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, AnonTeruel M.B., Estudo teórico - experimental do resfriamento de laranja e banana com ar forçado, Univ. Estadual Campinas, Fac. Eng. Mec.,Thesis, Campinas, Brazil, 2000, 300 pDincer, I., Cooling parameters and film conductances of spherical products cooled in an airflow (1995) Appl. Energy, 50, pp. 269-280Dincer, I., Simplified solution for temperature distributions of spherical and cylindrical products during rapid air cooling (1995) Energy Convers. Manag, 36, pp. 1175-1184Baird, C.D., Gaffney, J.J., Talbot, M.T., Design criteria for efficient and cost effective forced-air cooling systems for fruits and vegetables (1988) ASHRAE Trans, 94, pp. 1434-145

Critical behavior of Ginzburg-Landau model coupled to massless Dirac fermions

We point out interesting effects of additional massless Dirac fermions with N_F colors upon the critical behavior of the Ginzburg-Landau model. For increasing N_F, the model is driven into the type II regime of superconductivity. The critical exponents are given as a function of N_F.Comment: RevTex4, 4 pages, 1 figure; author information and latest update to this paper at http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html; version 2: new references and comments on chiral symmetry breaking adde

O diagnóstico da síndrome do carcinoma nevóide basocelular (gorlimgoltz)

Introdução: A síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz é compreendida como uma condição hereditária autossômica dominante, causada por uma alteração no gene patched (PTCH), localizado no cromossomo 9q22.3-q31, este gene regula as funções de supressão tumoral, organização embrionária e ciclo celular, as mutações no gene PTCH levam a o efeito da perda de controle de vários outros genes responsaveis pela organogense, carcinogenese e odontogenese. Relato de caso: Paciente, feoderma, 17 anos, foi encaminhando ao serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial, com queixa de aumento de volume na região de maxila e mandibula à direta, associado a um quadros de dores. Durante a anamnese o paciente negou doenças ou comorbidades prévias. Ao exame fisico, apresentou assimetria facial, com tumefação em hemiface direita, discreto hipertelorismo, bossa frontal acentuada, multiplas maculas na região torax e membro superior direito. O exame tomografico de face evidenciavam-se multiplas imagens hipodensas em todos os quadrantes da maxila e mandibula. Com base no metodo de diagnostico e Evans, o paciente foi diagnostico com a sindrome de Gorlin-Goltz. Após o fechamento do diagnotisco optou-se pela descompressões das lesões maiores e enucleação das menores. Conclusão: O diagnostico clinico baseado nos criterios ja estabelicido por Evans em 1991, e se mostrou eficaz para definição do caso apresentado neste trabalho.Palavras-chave: Diagnostico. Sindrome do nevo basocelular. Patologia

Polioencefalomalacia experimental induzida por amprólio em bovinos

Para estabelecer um modelo experimental para o estudo da etiologia, patologia e patogênese da polioencefalomalacia (PEM) em bovinos, a condição foi induzida em quatro novilhos pela administração oral de amprólio nas doses diárias de 500 e 350mg/kg de peso vivo, respectivamente por 22 e 26-28 dias. Todos os bovinos morreram espontaneamente ou foram eutanasiados in extremis após um curso clínico de 4-7 dias. Três bovinos que receberam 1.000mg/kg de amprólio e dois que receberam 500mg/kg morreram espontaneamente com quadro clínico agudo a subagudo sem desenvolverem sinais e lesões de PEM. Nos novilhos que PEM foi reproduzida, os sinais neurológicos incluíram marcada apatia, incoordenação, posição de cavalete, quedas ocasionais, hiperexcitabilidade, tremores musculares, cegueira, bruxismo, estrabismo, nistagmo, midríase, opistótono, decúbito lateral e movimentos de pedalagem. Os principais achados de necropsia eram restritos ao encéfalo e consistiam de tumefação, achatamento, amolecimento e amarelamento das circunvoluções cerebrais. Histologicamente, havia necrose neuronal segmentar e laminar (neurônios vermelhos) associada a edema, tumefação endotelial, separação das lâminas de neurônios do córtex telencefálico ou entre as substâncias cinzenta e branca e infiltração moderada a acentuada de macrófagos espumosos. Essas alterações eram mais acentuadas nos lobos telencefálicos frontal, parietal e occipital. Adicionalmente, lesões similares e moderadas foram detectadas no mesencéfalo e hipocampo. A necrose neuronal e o edema afetaram uniformemente as camadas de neurônios da substância cinzenta dos lobos telencefálicos frontal, parietal e occipital. Esse modelo experimental de PEM com administração oral de amprólio parece ser útil para o estudo da doença em bovinos, conforme observado anteriormente em ovinos.In order to establish an experimental model for the study of the etiology, pathology, and pathogenesis of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in cattle, the condition was induced into four steers by oral administration of amprolium at daily doses of 500 and 350mg per kg of body weight respectively for 22 and 26-28 days. All steers died spontaneously or were euthanized in extremis after being sick for 4-7 days. Three steers that received the drug at 1,000mg/kg and two that received 500mg/kg died spontaneously with acute or subacute clinical signs and without lesions and signs of PEM. In those steers in which PEM was reproduced, the neurological signs included marked apathy, incoordination, sawhorse stance, occasional falls, hyperexcitability, muscle tremors, blindness, grinding of teeth, strabismus, nystagmus, mydriasis, opisthotonus, and lateral recumbency with paddling movements. Main gross lesions were restricted to the brain and included swelling, flattening, softening and yellow discoloration of the cerebral circumvolutions. Histologically, there was segmental laminar neuronal necrosis (red neurons) associated with edema, swelling of endothelial cells, cleavage of laminar neuronal layers or between gray and white matter and moderate to severe infiltration by foamy macrophages (gitter cells). These changes were more marked in the frontal, parietal and occipital telencephalic lobes. Additionally, similar and moderate lesions were detected in the midbrain and hippocampus. Neuronal necrosis and edema affected uniformly the neurons layers of the grey matter of the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes. This experimental model of PEM with oral administration of amprolium may be useful for the study in cattle, as previously observed in sheep