IMPACTO DA MORFOLOGIA DE PARQUE URBANO NO MICROCLIMA E NO CONFORTO TÉRMICO DE CUIABÁ – BRASIL

A crescente urbanização promove a degradação contínua do ambiente urbano, como por exemplo, o acréscimo de revestimentos impermeáveis, a redução de áreas verdes, as alterações do albedo e da rugosidade superficial, a canalização de corpos hídricos e a emissão de poluentes por parte das indústrias, que de modo geral, modificam negativamente o microclima, o conforto térmico e consequentemente a qualidade de vida da sociedade. Nessa perspectiva, estudos revelam que os parques urbanos têm o potencial de mitigar alguns dos efeitos nocivos da urbanização. Portanto, objetivou-se com o presente estudo, compreender e analisar o microclima relativo às condições termo higrométricas de um parque, em comparação com uma área urbana de referência, avaliando suas contribuições no conforto térmico dos cidadãos. Para as variáveis temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar aferidas no parque, houve redução de até 5,2°C e aumento de até 9,9% quando comparadas à estação fixa em área urbana. Em relação ao conforto térmico, o parque variou a escala de percepção de conforto a desconforto e a estação fixa variou de pouco desconforto a desconforto. Assim, conclui-se que a morfologia do parque analisado contribui para que as condições termo higrométricas interfiram positivamente no microclima e no conforto térmico

Effect of Dietary Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation on Testicular Morphology and Serum Testosterone Concentration in Goats Following Scrotal Insulation

Background: Heat directly applied to the testis has been providing information regarding the damage triggering mechanisms on spermatogenesis and possible treatments to prevent testicular changes. Testis submitted to heat-shock have inhibition of the local antioxidant defense mechanisms against lipid peroxidation and free radicals. Vitamin E and Selenium protect biological membranes against free radicals to prevent membrane lipid peroxidation. The current assay evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with Selenium and Vitamin E on testicular parenchyma and testosterone levels of goats submitted to heat shock by scrotal insulation.Materials, Methods & Results: The effect of dietary selenium and vitamin E supplementation on testicular parameters and serum testosterone concentration was evaluated in goats subjected to scrotal insulation. The animals were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 6) to receive either a control diet (CO) or a diet supplemented with selenium and vitamin E (SE). The animals received supplementation for 120 days: 60 days prior to scrotal insulation, 18 days during scrotal insulation and 42 days after scrotal insulation. Orchiectomy was performed on three animals from each group, immediately after the end of scrotal insulation. The remaining animals were neutered at the end of the experimental period (120 days). Testicles were routinely processed and embedded in glycol methacrylate, stained with toluidine blue/1% sodium borate and evaluated qualitative and quantitatively. Serum testosterone concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay at the time of the orchiectomy. Scrotal circumference was greater (P < 0.05) in goats of the SE group (23.0 ± 1.00 cm) than those of the control group (20.0 ± 1.00 cm) at the end of the scrotal insulation period (Day 18).  At the end of the experimental period (Day 42 post-scrotal insulation (PSI)), the seminiferous tubule diameter and seminiferous epithelium height were greater (P < 0.05) in the SE group than in control. Histological changes associated with testicular degeneration were detected after 18 days of scrotal insulation in the goats of the control group. The animals of SE group had some histological changes of seminiferous tubules but the majority of them had normal association of germ cells. Selenium and vitamin E supplementation did not seem to avoid testicular damage caused by scrotal insulation but accelerated testicular recovery after the removal of insulation. Testosterone serum levels were not changed in the animals submitted to scrotal insulation, with or without dietary supplementation with selenium and vitamin E.Discussion: In the current study, scrotal insulation for 18 days caused testicular degeneration in both groups. However, selenium and vitamin E supplementation were capable of maintaining the scrotal circumference on the 18th day of insulation in the SE group. Previous reports suggested that selenium and vitamin E could protect cell membranes against the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species. However, the histopathological changes and morphometric data observed in the both groups after 18 days of insulation demonstrated that supplementation with these antioxidants did not prevent the damage caused by heat stress.  In turn, at 42 days after the removal of insulation, the tubular diameter and seminiferous epithelium height was greater in animals supplemented with selenium and vitamin E. In addition, the animals that received supplementation had most of seminiferous tubules with cell associations of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. Vitamin E and selenium may reduce testicle sensitivity to heat and thereby shorten the spermatogenesis recovery time by 10 to 20 days. Selenium plus vitamin E added to feed was unable to prevent the degeneration of the testicular parenchyma in these animals. Nonetheless, the supplementation with both antioxidants hastened the recovery of spermatogenesis after the thermal injury

Catheter Related Blood Stream Infections In Patients Of The Intensive Care Unit

Objective: To identify the prevalence of bloodstream infection associated with the Catheter related Blood stream infections in patients of the Intensive Care Unit, and the characteristics of its use and handling. Methods: Descriptive and transversal study with a sample of 88 participants. Data were collected through the observational method and the records in the medical records. The absolute and relative frequencies were used for data analysis. Results: 73.86% of the patients had central venous access in the subclavian vein, 100% used double lumen Catheter related Blood stream infections, 0.5% chlorhexidine solution for skin antisepsis, dressing coverage is performed mostly with Sterile gauze and tape, with a daily exchange. The rate of infection related to the use of the Catheter related Blood stream infections was (6.81%). The most infused pharmacological drugs were antimicrobials (69.32%). Conclusion: The study showed that care with central venous accesses is performed according to recommendations for prevention of bloodstream infection related to the use of these devices. The infection rate is close to the standards found in the literature. Key words: Central Venous Catheterization. Hospital Infection. Intensive care unit. Risk factors. Catheter-Related Infection.. &nbsp

ANÁLISE DOS ÍNDICES DE CONFORTO TÉRMICO PMV E PET EM DIFERENTES TIPOS DE COBERTURAS EM AMBIENTE ABERTO NA CIDADE DE CUIABÁ-MT

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo analisar os índices de conforto térmico PMV e PET em diferentes ambientes abertos. Logo, coletou-se variáveis climáticas por meio de estações micro meteorológicas fixas e para estimar o conforto térmico, aplicou-se questionários com perguntas subjetivas e processamento com o software RayMan. A menor variação de temperatura do arfoi verificada no cenário arborizado, com valores de 27,5 a 35,2 °C no período quente-úmido e de 22,1 a 34,8 °C no período quente-seco. A umidade relativa do ar, também teve a menor variação neste cenário, com valores de 40,0 a 80,0 % no período quente-úmido e de 28,7 a 81,1 % no período quente-seco. Já a velocidade do vento exerceu pouca influência, com intensidade alternando entre calmo a brisa leve. Os melhores valores de PMV e PET foram expressos no cenário arborizado, com valores que variaram de 0,1 a 3,9 e de -4,0 a 3,8 e de 27,5 a 37,4 °C e de 20,3 a 36,3 °C para os períodos quente-úmido e quente seco respectivamente. Conclui-se que os índices PMV E PET demonstraram-se eficientes para estimar o conforto térmico, concordando com o comportamento das variáveis climáticas aferidas e ressaltando a importância da arborização nas cidades

Pereskia aculeata Miller leaves present in vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity in models of acute and chronic dermatitis

AbstractEthnopharmacological relevance: The leaves of Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae), known as Barbados gooseberry, are used in Brazilian traditional medicine as emollients and to treat skin wounds and inflammation. This study investigated the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the hexane fraction (HF) obtained from the methanol extract of the leaves of this species in models of acute and chronic ear dermatitis in mice.Material and methods: Mice ear edema was induced by topical application of croton oil, arachidonic acid, capsaicin, ethyl-phenylpropiolate and phenol; and by subcutaneous injection of histamine. Ear biopsies were obtained to determine the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines by ELISA assay. Histopathological analysis was also performed to evaluate the HF activity in croton oil multiple application test. In addition, acute dermal irritation/corrosion test in rats was accomplished. HF chemical characterization was performed by GC–MS analysis.Results: HF intensively reduced the inflammatory process induced by all irritant agents used, except for arachidonic acid. This activity is related, at least in part, to the reduction of IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines levels. Moreover, when the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone was used, HF failed to respond to the croton oil application.The results strongly suggested a glucocorticoid-like effect, which was reinforced by the presence of considerable amounts of sterol compounds identified in HF. The acute dermal irritaton/corrosion test showed no signs of toxicity.Conclusions: This study showed that the acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity of P. aculeata leaves is very promising, and corroborates to better understand their ethnopharmacological applications

ANÁLISE DO ÍNDICE UTCI EM DIFERENTES TIPOS DE COBERTURA NA CIDADE DE CUIABÁ, MATO GROSSO

O objetivo deste estudo, foi analisar o índice UTCI em diferentes tipos de cobertura na cidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Assim, as variáveis ambientais foram coletadas por estações micro meteorológicas fixas e para estimar o UTCI, 1134 questionários foram aplicados, com perguntas subjetivas e processamento do software RayMan. A menor variação de temperatura do ar foi observada no cenário arborizado, com valores de 27,5 a 35,2 °C no período quente-úmido e de 22,7 a 35,0 °C no período quente-seco. A umidade relativa do ar, também teve a menor variação neste cenário, com valores de 40,9 a 80,7 % no período quente-úmido e de 28,70 a 81,0 % no período quente-seco. Já a velocidade do vento exerceu pouca influência, com intensidade alternando entre calmo a leve brisa e com direção predominantemente sudeste em ambos períodos. Os melhores valores de UTCI foram expressos no cenário arborizado, com valores que variaram de 32,0 a 37,5 °C e de 22,6 a 31,8 °C para os períodos quente-úmido e quente seco respectivamente. Conclui-se que o índice UTCI mostrou-se adequado para analisar o conforto térmico nos diferentes tipos de cobertura analisadas, ajustando-se ao comportamento das variáveis ambientais aferidas. Os melhores resultados de conforto térmico foram encontrados para o cenário com sombreamento arbóreo, permitindo inferir a fundamental presença de árvores em meio urbano

ATUALIDADE ACERCA DO TRATAMENTO DOS DISTÚRBIOS TEMPORO MANDIBULARES

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a term that includes different conditions involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the masticatory muscles and their associated tissues (e.g. ligaments, connective tissues) that represents a clinical problem such as pain, limited movements of the jaw and ATM noises. Several studies on different aspects have been conducted to improve the understanding, diagnosis and management of this patient population. Some TMD symptoms do not seem to be directly related to the problem, which makes diagnosis difficult and takes even longer. Some of the most frequent complaints from those who suffer from temporomandibular disorders are the following: swelling on the side of the mouth and/or face; locking when opening or closing the mouth; facial pain; deviation of the mandible to one side; momentary deafness.Disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) é um termo que inclui diferentes condições envolvendo a articulação temporomandibular (ATM), os músculos mastigatórios e seus tecidos associados (por exemplo, ligamentos, tecidos conjuntivos) que representa um quadro clínico problema como dor, movimentos limitados da mandíbula e ATM ruídos. Vários estudos sobre diferentes aspectos foram conduzidos para melhorar a compreensão, diagnóstico e gestão dessa população de pacientes. Alguns sintomas da DTM não parecem ter relação direta com o problema, fato que dificulta o diagnóstico e faz com que ele seja ainda mais demorado. Algumas das reclamações mais frequentes de quem sofre com a disfunção temporomandibular são as seguintes: inchaço ao lado da boca e/ou da face; travamento ao abrir ou fechar a boca; dor facial; desvio da mandíbula para um lado; surdez momentânea; dor mandibular