Charge separation effects in magnetized electron-ion plasma expansion into a vacuum

Charge separation effects in the expansion of magnetized relativistic electron-ion plasmas into a vacuum are examined using 2-1/2-dimensional particle-in-cell plasma simulations. The electrostatic field at the plasma surface decelerates electrons and accelerates ions. A fraction of the surface electrons are trapped and accelerated by the pondermotive force of the propagating electromagnetic pulse, a mechanism we call the DRPA (diamagnetic relativistic pulse accelerator). This charge separation is enhanced as the initial plasma temperature is decreased. The overall energy gain of the plasma particles through the expansion strongly depends on the initial plasma temperature. Moreover, the electrons become relatively less energized and the ions more energized as the plasma temperature decreases.Comment: 4 pages, submitted to Physics of Plasma

Particle Energization in an Expanding Magnetized Relativistic Plasma

Using a 2-1/2-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code to simulate the relativistic expansion of a magnetized collisionless plasma into a vacuum, we report a new mechanism in which the magnetic energy is efficiently converted into the directed kinetic energy of a small fraction of surface particles. We study this mechanism for both electron-positron and electron-ion (mi/me=100, me is the electron rest mass) plasmas. For the electron-positron case the pairs can be accelerated to ultra-relativistic energies. For electron-ion plasmas most of the energy gain goes to the ions.Comment: 7 pages text plus 5 figures, accepted for publication by Physical Review Letter

Influences of protein ingestion on glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the chicken ileum

Influences of a specific dietary nutrient on glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1-containing cells in the chicken intestine are not yet clear. Significance of dietary protein level on GLP-1-containing cells in the chicken ileum was investigated. Chickens fed control or experimental diets of varying protein levels were examined using immunohistochemical and morphometrical techniques. We show that the protein ingestion had an impact on the activities of GLP-1-immunoreactive cells in the chicken ileum. Weight gains declined with decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) levels, but no significant differences were detected in the daily feed intake and villous height. GLP-1-immunoreactive cells with a round or oval shape were frequently observed in the lower CP level groups (4.5% and 0%). Frequencies of occurrence of GLP-1-immunoreactive cells were 41.1 +/- 4.1, 38.5 +/- 4, 34.8 +/- 3.1 and 34.3 +/- 3.7 (cells/mm(2), mean +/- SD) for dietary CP level of 18%, 9%, 4.5% and 0% groups, respectively and significant differences were recognized between the control and lower CP level groups (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between the daily protein intake and frequencies of occurrence of GLP-1-immunoreactive cells. The protein ingestion is one of the signals that influence GLP-1-containing cells in the chicken small intestine.ArticleANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL. 85(5):581-587 (2014)journal articl

チュウコウネン ジョセイ ニ オケル ニョウ シッキン ト セイカツ シュウカン ト ノ カンレン

Purpose: The research aims to shed light on the reality of incontinence among middle- and old-aged women, and on its relationship with lifestyles and subjective senses of well-being, and then examine ways to provide health guidance.Method: Researchers mailed a self-administered questionnaire sheet to cooperative 1000 women aged between 40 and 74 belonging to six organizations in four prefectures. Selected for the analysis was the multivariate logistic regression method, in which relationships between incontinence among middle/old aged women and their lifestyles were compared using existence/nonexistence of symptoms as a dependent variable.Results: The number of respondents was 825, accounting for 77.5% of the participants. Of the respondents, 41.3% reported on incontinence.The relationships between inconti nTehnce and lifestyles were:Obesity (Odds Ratio(OR)=2.261, p <0.001)( iynecological disorders (OR=1.773, p =0.006)Frequent urination (OR=1.904, p=0.001)Past diabetes (OR=3.560, p=0.001)ours spent asleep: Less thaHn 6hr, 8hr or more (OR=1.154, p=0.025)ours spent asleep: Less than 6hr, 6-8hr (OR=0.194, p=0.158H)Salt consumption: Heavy (OR=1.631, p=0.006)Conclusion: The research indicates that health guidance for middle/old aged women on prevention and Improvement of incontinence should emphasize not only pubococcygeal muscular training but also reexamination of lifestyles along with an improvement in the life rhythm, as achievable by reducing salt and securing proper sleep time.原著論文 = original articl

Pexophagy suppresses ROS-induced damage in leaf cells under high-intensity light

Although light is essential for photosynthesis, it has the potential to elevate intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since high ROS levels are cytotoxic, plants must alleviate such damage. However, the cellular mechanism underlying ROS-induced leaf damage alleviation in peroxisomes was not fully explored. Here, we show that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the selective removal of ROS-generating peroxisomes, which protects plants from oxidative damage during photosynthesis. We present evidence that autophagy-deficient mutants show light intensity-dependent leaf damage and excess aggregation of ROS-accumulating peroxisomes. The peroxisome aggregates are specifically engulfed by pre-autophagosomal structures and vacuolar membranes in both leaf cells and isolated vacuoles, but they are not degraded in mutants. ATG18a-GFP and GFP-2×FYVE, which bind to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, preferentially target the peroxisomal membranes and pre-autophagosomal structures near peroxisomes in ROS-accumulating cells under high-intensity light. Our findings provide deeper insights into the plant stress response caused by light irradiation

Structural visualization of key steps in nucleosome reorganization by human FACT

Facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) is a histone chaperone, which accomplishes both nucleosome assembly and disassembly. Our combined cryo-electron microscopy (EM) and native mass spectrometry (MS) studies revealed novel key steps of nucleosome reorganization conducted by a Mid domain and its adjacent acidic AID segment of human FACT. We determined three cryo-EM structures of respective octasomes complexed with the Mid-AID and AID regions, and a hexasome alone. We discovered extensive contacts between a FACT region and histones H2A, H2B, and H3, suggesting that FACT is competent to direct functional replacement of a nucleosomal DNA end by its phosphorylated AID segment (pAID). Mutational assays revealed that the aromatic and phosphorylated residues within pAID are essential for octasome binding. The EM structure of the hexasome, generated by the addition of Mid-pAID or pAID, indicated that the dissociation of H2A-H2B dimer causes significant alteration from the canonical path of the nucleosomal DNA

ザイタク デ ニンチショウ ノ ヒト オ カイゴ スル ダンセイ ノ カイゴ モンダイ タイショ スタイル ノ サンシュツ ホウホウ

男性介護者の介護問題対処スタイルの算出方法を明らかにすることを目的とした．対象者は男性介護者298 名である．対処スタイルの平均得点と標準偏差，寄与率による各対処スタイルの独立性の検討と，基準関連法による各対処スタイルの妥当性を検討した．結果・考察: 平均得点と標準偏差，寄与率から似た特徴を持つ対処スタイルであることが考えられたが，基準関連法により独立した対処スタイルであることが明らかとなり，各対処スタイルは独立した特徴を持つことが明らかとなった．男性の介護問題対処の算出方法は，各対処スタイルの平均得点とし，最も得点が高い対処スタイルが，介護問題へ活用する対処であると考えられる．The purpose of this paper was to calculation of the coping scale for Nursing Care Problems Coping Scale for Male Caregivers for People with Dementia Living at Home. The subjects were 298 men who care for people with dementia at home. It was independence and investigated validity the coping style; the result of av erage score, standard deviation and Contribution ratio of coping style. Each coping styles are independent, it became clear that each with its own characteristics. Calculation method is the average score of each coping style. Most high score of average of coping style is the coping style of nursing care problem.原著論文 = Original articl