小学生のかつおだしと煮干しだしの風味に対する評価：食育取り組み年数が異なる2 校の比較

We compared evaluations of the flavors of dried bonito and niboshi extract soup stock for 5- 6 grade elementary school children（121 children）at two different schools. The two different schools were an elementary school that had implemented shokuiku（food and nutrition education）-related activities for 4 years（4th year school）and an elementary school that had implemented shokuiku-related activities for the first time（1st year school）. The results from fifth graders in elementary school showed that the deliciousness, umami taste, and aroma of both soup stocks（dried bonito and niboshi extract）were rated significantly higher in the 4th year school than in the 1st year school. In the 4th year school, several years of shokuiku-related activities may have increased the taste sensitivity of children to soup stock flavors.原著論

Enhancement of Shiga Toxin Production in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Serotype O157:H7 by DNase Colicins▿

Colicins are proteins produced by and active against several strains of Escherichia coli. Previously we reported that colicinogenic bacteria seemed beneficial in preventing the clinical manifestations of infectious disease caused by enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157 in humans. The inhibitory effects could be due to a decrease in O157 levels and/or pathogenicity. This study investigated the effects of colicinogenic E. coli on the production of Shiga toxin (Stx) by O157. Standard strains of colicinogenic bacteria carrying plasmids for each type of colicin (E3/5/8/9) were used for the study. The O157 strains were cultured in the presence of colicinogenic bacteria or extracted colicins. Compared with results for controls, DNase colicins (E8/9) facilitated an 8- to 64-fold increase in production of Stx2, while RNase colicins (E3/5) suppressed Stx production in only two strains. Stx prophages were induced in synchrony with Stx production. Semiquantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was then performed to examine SOS gene expression. The RT-PCR results clearly indicated a marked increase in mRNA levels of SOS reaction-associated genes after the addition of DNase colicins. We believe that Stx prophages are induced by the SOS response to DNA damage caused by DNase colicins, thus leading to higher Stx production. These findings suggest that while colicinogenic bacteria can be antagonistic to O157 infection, DNase colicins may enhance Stx production. Thus, colicinogenic flora is likely to be involved in the complex pathogenic pathways of O157 infection, and further investigation should be performed before the use of colicinogenic bacteria as an intervention method

A Prospective Observational Study on Effect of Short-Term Periodic Steroid Premedication on Bone Metabolism in Gastrointestinal Cancer (ESPRESSO-01)

Background. A multicenter prospective observational study evaluated the effect of gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy with short‐term periodic steroid premedication on bone metabolism. Patients and Methods. Seventy‐four patients undergoing chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer were studied. The primary endpoints were changes in bone mineral densities (BMDs) and metabolic bone turnover 16 weeks after initiation of chemotherapy. BMDs, measured by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, and serum cross‐linked N‐telopeptides of type I collagen (sNTX), and bone alkaline phosphatase (sBAP) were assessed for evaluation of bone resorption and formation, respectively. Results. In 74.3% (55/74) of the patients, BMDs were significantly reduced at 16 weeks relative to baseline. The percent changes of BMD were -1.89% (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.67% to -1.11%: p < .0001) in the lumbar spine, -2.24% (95% CI, -3.59% to -0.89%: p = .002) in the total hip, and -2.05% (95% CI, -3.11% to -0.99%: p < .0001) in the femoral neck. Although there was no significant difference in sNTX levels during 16 weeks (p = .136), there was a significant increase in sBAP levels (p = .010). Decreased BMD was significantly linked to number of chemotherapy cycles (p = .02). There were no significant correlations between changes in BMDs and the primary site of malignancy, chemotherapy regimens, total cumulative steroid dose, steroid dose intensity, and additive steroid usage. Conclusion. Gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy with periodic glucocorticoid premedication was associated with reduced BMD and increased sBAP levels, which were linked to number of chemotherapy cycles but independent of primary site, chemotherapy regimen, duration, and additive steroid usage

Data from: Incidence of cancer-associated thromboembolism in Japanese gastric and colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a single-institutional retrospective cohort analysis (Sapporo CAT study)

Objective: Few data regarding the incidence of cancer-associated thromboembolism (TE) are available for Asian populations. We investigated the incidence of TE (TEi) and its risk factors among gastric and colorectal cancer (GCC) patients who received chemotherapy in a daily practice setting. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: A single institutional study that used data from Sapporo City General Hospital, Japan, on patients treated between January 2008 and May 2015. Participants: Five hundred Japanese GCC patients who started chemotherapy from January 2008 to May 2015. Primary and secondary outcome measures: TE was diagnosed by reviewing all the reports of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) performed during the follow-up period. All types of thrombosis detected by CT or additional imaging tests, such as venous TE, arterial TE, and cerebral infarction, were defined as TE. Medical records of all identified patients were reviewed and potential risk factors for TE including clinicopathological backgrounds were collected. We defined the following patients as ‘active cancer’; patients with unresectable advanced GCC, cancer recurrence during or after completing adjuvant (Adj) chemotherapy, and/or presence of other malignant tumours. Results: Of the 500 patients, 70 patients (14.0%) developed TE during the follow-up period. TEi was 9.2% and 17.3% in gastric and colorectal cancer patients, 18.1% and 3.5% in active and non-active cancer patients, and 24.0% and 12.9% in multiple and single primary, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 2.371; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.328 to 4.233), active cancer (OR 7.593; 95% CI 2.950 to 19.543), and multiple primary (OR 2.527; 95% CI 1.189 to 5.370) were independently associated with TEi. Conclusion: TEi was 14.0% among Japanese GCC patients received chemotherapy, and was significantly higher among patients with colorectal cancer, active cancer, and multiple primary than among those with gastric cancer, non-active cancer, and single primary, respectively

Incidence of cancer-associated thromboembolism in Japanese gastric and colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy : a single-institutional retrospective cohort analysis (Sapporo CAT study)

Objective Few data regarding the incidence of cancer-associated thromboembolism (TE) are available for Asian populations. We investigated the incidence of TE (TEi) and its risk factors among gastric and colorectal cancer (GCC) patients received chemotherapy in a daily practice setting. Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting A single-institutional study that used data from Sapporo City General Hospital, Japan, on patients treated between January 2008 and May 2015. Participants Five hundred Japanese GCC patients who started chemotherapy from January 2008 to May 2015. Primary and secondary outcome measures TE was diagnosed by reviewing all the reports of contrast-enhanced CT performed during the follow-up period. All types of thrombosis detected by CT or additional imaging tests, such as venous TE, arterial TE and cerebral infarction, were defined as TE. Medical records of all identified patients were reviewed and potential risk factors for TE, including clinicopathological backgrounds, were collected. We defined the following patients as 'active cancer'; patients with unresectable advanced GCC, cancer recurrence during or after completing adjuvant chemotherapy and/or presence of other malignant tumours. Results Of the 500 patients, 70 patients (14.0%) developed TE during the follow-up period. TEi was 9.2% and 17.3% in GCC patients, 18.1% and 3.5% in active and non-active cancer patients, and 24.0% and 12.9% in multiple and single primary, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that colorectal cancer (CRC) (OR 2.371; 95% CI 1.328 to 4.233), active cancer (OR 7.593; 95%CI 2.950 to 19.543) and multiple primary (OR 2.527; 95%CI 1.189 to 5.370) were independently associated with TEi. Conclusion TEi was 14.0% among Japanese GCC patients received chemotherapy, and was significantly higher among patients with CRC, active cancer and multiple primary than among those with gastric cancer, non-active cancer and single primary, respectively. Trial registration number UMIN000018912

Sapporo CAT study

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