98 research outputs found

    On the Decelerating Shock Instability of Plane-Parallel Slab with Finite Thickness

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    Dynamical stability of the shock compressed layer with finite thickness is investigated. It is characterized by self-gravity, structure, and shock condition at the surfaces of the compressed layer. At one side of the shocked layer, its surface condition is determined via the ram pressure, while at the other side the thermal pressure supports its structure. When the ram pressure dominates the thermal pressure, we expect deceleration of the shocked layer. Especially, in this paper, we examine how the stratification of the decelerating layer has an effect on its dynamical stability. Performing the linear perturbation analysis, a {\it more general} dispersion relation than the previous one obtained by one of the authors is derived. It gives us an interesting information about the stability of the decelerating layer. Importantly, the DSI (Decelerating Shock Instability) and the gravitational instability are always incompatible. We also consider the evolution effect of the shocked layer. In the early stages of its evolution, only DSI occurs. On the contrary, in the late stages, it is possible for the shocked layer to be unstable for the DSI (in smaller scale) and the gravitational instability (in larger scale). Furthermore, we find there is a stable range of wavenumbers against both the DSI and the gravitational instability between respective unstable wavenumber ranges. These stable modes suggest the ineffectiveness of DSI for the fragmentation of the decelerating slab.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures. The Astrophysical Journal Vol.532 in pres

    Ghrelin inhibits insulin secretion through the AMPK–UCP2 pathway in β cells

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    AbstractGhrelin inhibits insulin secretion partly via induction of IA-2β. However, the orexigenic effect of ghrelin is mediated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)–uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) pathway. Here, we demonstrate that ghrelin’s inhibitory effect on insulin secretion also occurs through the AMPK-UCP2 pathway. Ghrelin increased AMPK phosphorylation and UCP2 mRNA expression in MIN6 insulinoma cells. Overexpression or downregulation of UCP2 attenuated or enhanced insulin secretion, respectively. Furthermore, AMPK activator had a similar effect to ghrelin on UCP2 and insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. In conclusion, ghrelin’s inhibitory effect on insulin secretion is partly mediated by the AMPK-UCP2 pathway, which is independent of the IA-2β pathway

    On the Possibility of Observing the Double Emission Line Feature of H2_2 and HD from Primordial Molecular Cloud Cores

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    We study the prospects for observing H2_2 and HD emission during the assembly of primordial molecular cloud cores. The primordial molecular cloud cores, which resemble those at the present epoch, can emerge around 1+z201+z \sim 20 according to recent numerical simulations. A core typically contracts to form the first generation of stars and the contracting core emits H2_2 and HD line radiation. These lines show a double peak feature. The higher peak is the H2_2 line of the J=20J=2-0 (v=0) rotational transition, and the lower peak is the HD line of the J=43J=4-3 (v=0) rotational transition. The ratio of the peaks is about 20, this value characterising the emission from primordial galaxies. The expected emission flux at the redshift of 1+z201+z \sim 20 (e.g. Ωm=0.3\Omega_m = 0.3 and ΩΛ=0.7\Omega_\Lambda =0.7), in the J=20J=2-0 (v=0) line of H2_2 occurs at a rate 2×107\sim 2 \times 10^{-7} Jy, and in the J=43J=4-3 (v=0) line of HD at a rate 4×109\sim 4 \times 10^{-9} Jy. The former has a frequency of 5.33179×1011\times 10^{11} Hz and the latter is at 5.33388 ×1011\times 10^{11}Hz, respectively. Since the frequency resolution of ALMA is about 40 kHz, the double peak is resolvable. While an individual object is not observable even by ALMA, the expected assembly of primordial star clusters on subgalactic scales can result in fluxes at the 2000-50 μ\muJy level. These are marginally observable. The first peak of H2_2 is produced when the core gas cools due to HD cooling, while the second peak of HD occurs because the medium maintains thermal balance by H2_2 cooling which must be enhanced by three-body reactions to form H2_2 itself.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures. MNRAS (Accepted

    Coincidence analysis to search for inspiraling compact binaries using TAMA300 and LISM data

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    Japanese laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors, TAMA300 and LISM, performed a coincident observation during 2001. We perform a coincidence analysis to search for inspiraling compact binaries. The length of data used for the coincidence analysis is 275 hours when both TAMA300 and LISM detectors are operated simultaneously. TAMA300 and LISM data are analyzed by matched filtering, and candidates for gravitational wave events are obtained. If there is a true gravitational wave signal, it should appear in both data of detectors with consistent waveforms characterized by masses of stars, amplitude of the signal, the coalescence time and so on. We introduce a set of coincidence conditions of the parameters, and search for coincident events. This procedure reduces the number of fake events considerably, by a factor 104\sim 10^{-4} compared with the number of fake events in single detector analysis. We find that the number of events after imposing the coincidence conditions is consistent with the number of accidental coincidences produced purely by noise. We thus find no evidence of gravitational wave signals. We obtain an upper limit of 0.046 /hours (CL =90= 90 %) to the Galactic event rate within 1kpc from the Earth. The method used in this paper can be applied straightforwardly to the case of coincidence observations with more than two detectors with arbitrary arm directions.Comment: 28 pages, 17 figures, Replaced with the version to be published in Physical Review

    Results of the search for inspiraling compact star binaries from TAMA300's observation in 2000-2004

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    We analyze the data of TAMA300 detector to search for gravitational waves from inspiraling compact star binaries with masses of the component stars in the range 1-3Msolar. In this analysis, 2705 hours of data, taken during the years 2000-2004, are used for the event search. We combine the results of different observation runs, and obtained a single upper limit on the rate of the coalescence of compact binaries in our Galaxy of 20 per year at a 90% confidence level. In this upper limit, the effect of various systematic errors such like the uncertainty of the background estimation and the calibration of the detector's sensitivity are included.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses revtex4.sty The author list was correcte

    Observation results by the TAMA300 detector on gravitational wave bursts from stellar-core collapses

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    We present data-analysis schemes and results of observations with the TAMA300 gravitational-wave detector, targeting burst signals from stellar-core collapse events. In analyses for burst gravitational waves, the detection and fake-reduction schemes are different from well-investigated ones for a chirp-wave analysis, because precise waveform templates are not available. We used an excess-power filter for the extraction of gravitational-wave candidates, and developed two methods for the reduction of fake events caused by non-stationary noises of the detector. These analysis schemes were applied to real data from the TAMA300 interferometric gravitational wave detector. As a result, fake events were reduced by a factor of about 1000 in the best cases. The resultant event candidates were interpreted from an astronomical viewpoint. We set an upper limit of 2.2x10^3 events/sec on the burst gravitational-wave event rate in our Galaxy with a confidence level of 90%. This work sets a milestone and prospects on the search for burst gravitational waves, by establishing an analysis scheme for the observation data from an interferometric gravitational wave detector

    Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Food-Yeast Candida utilis

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    The industrially important food-yeast Candida utilis is a Crabtree effect-negative yeast used to produce valuable chemicals and recombinant proteins. In the present study, we conducted whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of C. utilis, which showed that this yeast diverged long before the formation of the CUG and Saccharomyces/Kluyveromyces clades. In addition, we performed comparative genome and transcriptome analyses using next-generation sequencing, which resulted in the identification of genes important for characteristic phenotypes of C. utilis such as those involved in nitrate assimilation, in addition to the gene encoding the functional hexose transporter. We also found that an antisense transcript of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene, which in silico analysis did not predict to be a functional gene, was transcribed in the stationary-phase, suggesting a novel system of repression of ethanol production. These findings should facilitate the development of more sophisticated systems for the production of useful reagents using C. utilis
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