170 research outputs found
Phylogenetic analysis of cyrtocrinid crinoids and its influence on traditional classifications
The cyrtocrinids are a group of mostly Mesozoic articulated crinoids, with rare Cenozoic forms and
only two extant taxa. A careful analysis of previous studies indicates that the systematic arrangement of cyrtocrinids is
very weak and unsatisfactory for several reasons. In particular, most of the original descriptions and diagnosis date from
the past century and are logically influenced by a classical typological philosophy. Not being based on phylogeny, the
currently accepted groups for cyrtocrinids must be putatively regarded as âartificialâ. In addition, an inappropriate use of
characters has been used, typically considered as diagnostic in other groups of crinoids but only marginally applicable to
cyrtocrinids (the latter differently characterized for several highly distinctive and autapomorphic characters). In order to
mitigate these problems and to arrive at the definition of characters and clades based on unambiguous synapomorphies,
we present in this paper a preliminary and exploratory phylogenetic analysis based on parsimony of cyrtocrinids. The
obtained topology showed how the traditionally recognized groups prove to be highly paraphyletic and polyphyletic,
indicating the need for a complete revision of cyrtocrinids taxonomy, based on phylogeny. The gap-weighting method
used for codifying morphometric continuous character, has proved to be a powerful tool to obtain well-resolved and
consistent cladograms, even with a limited number of characters
New material of Alierasaurus ronchii (Synapsida, Caseidae) from the Permian of Sardinia (Italy), and its phylogenetic affinities
New characters of the giant caseid Alierasaurus ronchii are described here based
on material recovered from the type locality in the Permian deposits of Cala del Vino
Formation (Sardinia NW) and additional preparation of the previously collected material.
All new described osteological elements are characterized by the same state of
preservation and, given the absence of double elements and the total compatibility in
absolute size, the new material can be attributed without doubt to the holotypic individual
of A. ronchii. Highly diagnostic material includes a caudal neural spine with a broad
bifid distal termination. This represents a synapomorphy characterizing the more
derived caseids, thus fully confirming the attribution of the Sardinian specimen to
Caseidae. Also the other vertebral material and newly collected ribs show a typical
caseid structure, fully consistent with the previously published material. Despite the
highly partial nature of Alierasaurus, the taxon was included in a recent phylogenetic
analysis of caseids to investigate its phylogenetic position within the monophyletic
Caseasauria. Alierasaurus falls as the sister taxon of Cotylorhynchus, and is autapomorphic
in the general construction of MT-IV and proximal phalanx IV-I. The absolute
size of the newly recovered material confirms a gigantic body size for Alierasaurus,
comparable, if not greater, to that of the huge North American species Cotylorhynchus
hancocki (up to 6 m in length). Such gigantic adult body size, closely correlated to its
herbivorous lifestyle, must have been selected during evolution of caseids, leading to
substantial advantages in terms of fitness
Elongated theropod tracks from the Cretaceous Apenninic Carbonate Platform of southern Latium (central Italy)
New dinosaur footprints were recently discovered in southern Latium (Italy). The
tracks all appear slightly differently preserved and are characterized by elongated
metatarsal impressions, recording the complex locomotor behaviour of a medium-sized
theropod. The spatial distribution and the features of the footprints indicate that the
trackmaker adopted a âcrouchedâ position as part of an activity as well as a resting
phase suggested by sub-parallel, calcigrade tracks. These new data once again highlight
the great potential of ichnological evidence in the study of the biology and
behaviour of extinct tetrapods
Permian tetrapod localities in the Nurra region (NW Sardinia, Italy): The State of the Art
The Nurra area in NW Sardinia is quite well known for the outcropping of a thick succession of more than 600 m of postâ Variscan continental deposits (Fig. 1), with several dedicated studies and contribution already starting from the first half of the twentieth century (e.g. Lotti, 1931; Oosterbaan, 1936; Pecorini, 1962; Vardabasso, 1966; Gasperi and Gelmini, 1980)...Fil: Romano, Marco. University of the Witwatersrand; SudĂĄfricaFil: Citton, Paolo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en PaleobiologĂa y GeologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Ronchi, Ausonio. UniversitĂ di Pavia; ItaliaFil: Nicosia, Umberto. UniversitĂ di Roma; Itali
Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Data from: Cladistic analysis of Caseidae (Caseasauria, Synapsida): using the gap-weighting method to include taxa based on incomplete specimens
Occupying the role of primary consumer and having an earlyâmiddle Permian age range, caseids (Caseasauria, Synapsida) are fundamental to the interpretation of the early history of terrestrial vertebrate ecosystems. Despite this importance, no comprehensive, species-level phylogenetic study of Caseidae has yet been performed. Herein, we present a phylogenetic analysis of the group, using gap weighting to include poorly known taxa. Besides the description and comments on the resultant topologies, some more general issues concerning cladistic methodologies are briefly addressed. This study highlights the importance of a total-evidence approach, including as many within-group taxa and characters as possible. Continuously varying characters, in the form of indices derived from measurement of individual skeletal elements, proved to be highly important, adding significantly to the resolution of, and support for, recovered trees. The utility of the postcranial skeleton in understanding relationships among basal synapsids is highlighted
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