Assessment of Honey Bee Production System in Horro District of Horro Guduru Wollega Zone of Oromiya Regional State

This study was conducted in Horro district of Horro Guduru Wollega Zone of Oromiya Regional state. In the study area 3.3% of respondents participating in honey production before 20 years ago, which increase to 23.3% now a day.  Among those 81.7% of the respondents were starting honey production by traditional which modified to intermediate recently. Hives were constructed from locally available material. After construction is completed, hives are bound with straw to protect from sun heat, cold and rain. The two ends of the hives were closed with plank; one of the planks is provided with fixed and the other is flight entrance. Then internal surfaces of the hives are plastered with fresh cow dung and leave to dry for 1-2 days. The removable, an entrance hole is opening through which beekeepers can remove combs during harvesting. Finally, the hive is fumigated (smoked) for 20-25 minutes with dry cow dung and split wood of Juniperus or Olea species. In this study, accurately determining honey yields proved is difficult exercise, as most of beekeepers were unable to quantify correctly in any weighing scale. Nevertheless, by estimation, per hive per harvesting was ranging from 0.4+0.6kg up to 2.6+0.6kg of crude honey for Rifenti Cabir which is very low and 1.6+0.68kg up to 24.0+0.68kg of crude honey which is high for Doyo Bariso kebeles of the study area. Honeybee disease in the study area was not as much observable. However hamagot, spiders, ants, birds, and monkeys with the percent of 97.6, 61.7, 51.7, 48.3 and 38.3 were major predators in the study area respectively. Hamagots and spiders significantly affect the hive. Keywords: diseases, forage, hive, honey

Manual of good beekeeping practices in artificial feeding of bees: a contribution to the quality of Argentine honey.

It is part of the Beekeeping Program of INTA (PROAPI), and INTA-NEXCO S.A. Agreement.The quality of the honey that Argentina offers to the world is the result of the coordinated work of the entire sector, and brings together beekeepers, exporting companies, technicians and researchers. With their sights set on consumers, they all work together so that genuine honey reaches the shelves, just as it is made by bees. The public-private articulation materialized in the INTA – Nexco S.A. Agreement. is a strategic alliance to produce quality Argentine honey. The fight against fraud in the global honey market required deepening the control methods with the incorporation of new equipment and the combination of analyzes that increase the sensitivity in the detection of foreign sugars. This required making adjustments to the technological path, adapting it to the new requirements of the market. Given this situation, within the framework of the INTA-Nexco Agreement, a virtual course was organized so that Argentine beekeepers quickly learn about the scope of the fight against fraud, its implications in the global market for quality honey and the new requirements. of the same. In this way, the sector was able to adapt feeding practices to the new requirements and avoid inadvertent contamination of honey. Taking the contents of the virtual course, this manual was prepared that deepens and updates the information related to good food practices with a value chain perspective in the context of fighting fraud. This Manual is a fusion of scientific knowledge and experience shared by the different actors in the chain. It raises the need to adjust feeding practices, and scientifically bases why and how to do it in a clear and accessible way. // Resumen: La calidad de la miel que Argentina ofrece al mundo es resultado del trabajo coordinado de todo el sector, y convoca a los apicultores, empresas exportadoras, técnicos e investigadores. Con la mira puesta en los consumidores, todos trabajan aunando esfuerzos para que la miel llegue a las góndolas genuina, tal como la elaboran las abejas. La articulación público-privada concretada en el Convenio INTA – Nexco S.A. es una alianza estratégica para producir miel argentina de calidad. La lucha contra el fraude en el mercado global de la miel exigió profundizar los métodos de control con la incorporación de nuevo equipamiento y la combinación de análisis que aumentan la sensibilidad en la detección de los azucares extraños. Lo anterior exigió realizar ajustes en el sendero tecnológico adaptándolo a los nuevos requerimientos del mercado. Ante esta situación, en el marco del Convenio INTA-Nexco se organizó un curso virtual para que rápidamente los apicultores argentinos se informen sobre los alcances de la lucha contra el fraude, sus implicancias en el mercado global de la miel de calidad y las nuevas exigencias del mismo. De ese modo el sector logró adecuar las prácticas de alimentación a los nuevos requerimientos y evitar la contaminación involuntaria de la miel. Tomando los contenidos de curso virtual, se elaboró el presente manual que profundiza y actualiza la información relacionada con las buenas prácticas de la alimentación con una mirada de cadena de valor en el contexto de lucha contra el fraude. El presente Manual es una fusión del conocimiento científico y la experiencia compartida por los diferentes actores de la cadena. Plantea la necesidad del ajuste de las prácticas de alimentación, y fundamenta científicamente el por qué y el cómo hacerlo de una manera clara y accesible.Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria (CIA)Fil: Dini, Cecilia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria; Argentina.Fil: García, Norberto. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina

Etude comparative de la rentabilité de deux types d'apiculture au Nord Ouest Cameroun

Comparative Study of the Profitability of Two Types of Bee Farming in the North West Cameroon. The present study examines the financial profitability of beekeeping in Cameroon. The global objective is to compare the profitability of two types of bee farms in the North West Region. The main hypothesis, however, is the following: there is a significant difference in output and in net benefit between traditional and semimodern bee farms. As regards the methodology used, a two stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select 100 bee farmers. Primary data was collected on elements of costs and revenue. The technique of cost benefit analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that traditional beekeeping and semi-modern beekeeping (using Kenyan hives "KTBH") farms have an average production of 77.46 and 112.68 liters of honey per year respectively, for the respective average total revenue of 86 832.39 FCFA and 143 791 FCFA. The average annual value of their ratio Net Benefit/Total Cost is 1.168 and 1.193 respectively. The semi-modern bee hives perform better than the traditional one. Even with some difficulties faced by some farmers, bee farming in the North West Cameroon remains profitable. Despite the static character of this study, we suggest that beekeepers should adopt the semi-modern (Kenyan) hives

The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics and Emerging Trends 2011

Organic agricultural land and farms as well as the global market continued to grow during 2009 as documented in the 2011 edition of "The World of Organic Agriculture". Organic land and producers According to the latest FiBL/IFOAM survey on certified organic agriculture worldwide (data as of end of 2009, statistical information on organic agriculture is now available from 160 countries, an increase of six countries since the 2010 survey (data 2008). There are 37.2 million hectares of organic agricultural land (including in-conversion areas). The regions with the largest areas of organic agricultural land are Oceania (12.2 million hectares), Europe (9.3 million hectares), and Latin America (8.6 million hectares). The countries with the most organic agricultural land are Australia, Argentina, and the United States. Currently 0.9 percent of the world’s agricultural land is organic. However, some countries reach far higher shares: Falkland Islands (35.7 percent), Liechtenstein (26.9 percent), and Austria (18.5 percent). Seven countries have more than ten percent organic land. Compared with the previous survey, organic land increased by two million hectares or six percent. Growth was strongest in Europe, where the area increased by almost one million hectares. The countries with the largest increases were Argentina, Turkey, and Spain. Apart from agricultural land, there are further organic areas, most of these being areas for wild collection. These areas constitute 41.9 million hectares and have increased by 10 million hectares since 2008. There were 1.8 million producers in 2009, an increase of 31 percent since 2008, mainly due to a large increase in India. Forty percent of the world’s organic producers are in Asia, followed by Africa (28 percent), and Latin America (16 percent). The countries with the most producers are India (677’257), Uganda (187’893), and Mexico (128’862). Almost two-thirds of the organic agricultural land of 37.2 million hectares in 2009 was grassland/grazing areas (23 million hectares). With a total of at least 5.5 million hectares, arable land constitutes 15 percent of the organic agricultural land. An increase of 13.2 percent compared with 2008 was reported. Most of this category of land is used for cereals including rice (2.5 million hectares), followed by green fodder from arable land (1.8 million hectares), and vegetables (0.22 million hectares). Permanent crops account for approximately six percent of the organic agricultural land, amounting to 2.4 million hectares. Compared with the previous survey, almost half a million hectares more were reported. The most important crops are coffee (with 0.54 million hectares reported, constituting one-fifth of the organic permanent cropland), followed by olives (0.49 million hectares), cocoa (0.26 million hectares), nuts (0.2 million hectares), and grapes (0.19 million hectares). Global market According to Organic Monitor, the global market for organic food and drink is recovering from the repercussions of the economic crisis. Single-digit market growth was observed for the first time in 2009 because of the economic slowdown reducing industry investment and consumer spending power. Organic food and drink sales expanded by roughly five percent to 54.9 billion US dollars in 2009. Global revenues have increased over three-fold from 18 billion US dollars in 2000 and double-digit growth rates were observed each year, except in 2009. Healthy growth rates are envisaged to restart as consumer spending power rises and as more countries come out of economic recession. The countries with the largest markets are the US, Germany, and France; the highest per capita consumption is Denmark, Switzerland, and Austria. ----------------------------------------- Book info The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics and Emerging Trends 2011 documents recent developments in global organic agriculture. The World of Organic Agriculture 2011 includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover surface area under organic management, numbers of farms and specific information about land use in organic systems. The book also contains information on the global market for organic food, the latest developments in organic certification, standards and regulations and insights into current status and emerging trends for organic agriculture by geographical region (table of contents). The World of Organic Agriculture is edited by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) in cooperation with the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). The project is financially supported by the International Trade Centre (ITC), the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) and Nürnberg Messe, the organisers of the BioFach World Organic Trade Fair

Tetragonula carbonaria and disease : behavioural and antimicrobial defences used by colonies to limit brood pathogens

The honey bee, Apis mellifera, is suffering heavily from the impacts from intensive management. Pests and diseases contribute to the population losses experienced globally. Brood disease is of concern for the apiculture industry because of the direct effects it has on population numbers and despite control measures; resistance to antibiotics and pesticides are common. Alternative pollinators such as stingless bees, including Tetragonula carbonaria, appear to be less impacted by brood diseases. However, there is very little information regarding why this is so. Prior to this study, there are only a few indications about a possible bacterial brood disease in Brazilian stingless bees (Kerr 1948, Nogueira-Neto 1997), with no follow up investigations, and no cases of brood disease losses in Australian stingless bees. As a result, this study presents information on the behavioural and antimicrobial defences of T. carbonaria colonies as mechanisms to limit the development of brood pathogens. In addition to these aims and objectives, this study also introduces and documents the first disease causing brood pathogen in Australian stingless bees. Therefore, the interaction of the defence mechanisms and the identified brood pathogen was also explored. Suitable nest conditions need to exist to sustain pathogen growth and development. Apis mellifera pathogens such as Paenibacillus larvae and Ascosphaera apis utilise nest conditions, especially in the brood area for growth. The limited number of stingless bee pathogens may be related to brood temperature. Thermoregulation behaviour has been investigated in a number of stingless bee species; however, Australian studies are limited to Austroplebeia australis (Halcroft et al. 2013b) and greenhouse maintained T. carbonaria colonies (Amano et al. 2000, Amano 2004, A. Tse, pers. comm., 2011), with outcomes applied to their pollination servicing. This study (Chapter 2) investigated T. carbonaria thermoregulation behaviours during fluctuating ambient temperatures and the influence these have on brood production. Over the 13-month study, T. carbonaria was able to maintain brood temperatures between 15–31ºC, despite ambient temperatures ranging from 0–37°C. The recorded brood temperatures resulted in colonies maintaining yearlong brood development, which would suggest that this could provide a suitable resource for pathogen development year-round. However, pathogen occurrences are rare, it is speculated that the greater brood temperature range which is tolerated by colonies, is ultimately unsuitable for brood pathogen development, especially the lower winter temperatures

An Innovative Harmonic Radar to Track Flying Insects: the Case of Vespa velutina

Over the last 30 years, harmonic radars have been effective only in tracking insects flying at low altitude and over flat terrain. We developed an innovative harmonic radar, implementing the most advanced radar techniques, which covers a large field of view in elevation (with an angular aperture of about 24°) and can track insects up to a range of 500 m. We show all the components of this new harmonic radar and its first application, the tracking of Vespa velutina (yellow-legged Asian hornet). This is an invasive species which, although indigenous to South-East Asia, is spreading quickly to other regions of the world. Because of its fast diffusion and the serious threat it poses to both honeybee colonies and to humans, control measures are mandatory. When equipped with a small passive transponder, this radar system can track the flight trajectory of insects and locate nests to be destroyed. This tool has potential not only for monitoring V. velutina but also for tracking other larger insects and small size vertebrates

Control of dengue

Prepared July 1977; revised November 1979, reprinted March 1980.Bibliography: p. 37-39

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2019

Organic agriculture is practiced in 181 countries, and 69.8 million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically by approximately 2.9 Million farmers. The global sales of organic food and drink reached 97 billion US Dollars in 2017, according to Ecovia Intelligence. The 20th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture, published by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International, provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector around the world and presents detailed organic farming statistics that cover the area under organic management, specific information about land use in organic systems, the number of farms and other operator types, and selected market data. The book also contains information about the global market for organic food, Information on standards and regulations, organic policy, and insights into current and emerging trends in organic agriculture in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Mediterranean, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, and Oceania. In addition, the volume includes reports about the organic sector in Australia, Canada, the Pacific Islands, and the United States of America and brief updates for various countries in Asia. The book also contains an article about organic cotton from the Textile Exchange and a chapter reviewing key commodities certified by selected Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS). To celebrate this anniversary edition, a milestone list is included for each Region as well as for the global market, public standards and legislation, PGS, organic policy development, the FiBL data collection on organic agriculture worldwide, and the global organic movement