2,243 research outputs found

    Reflectance of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for Xenon Scintillation Light

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    Gaseous and liquid xenon particle detectors are being used in a number of applications including dark matter search and neutrino-less double beta decay experiments. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is often used in these detectors both as electrical insulator and as a light reflector to improve the efficiency of detection of scintillation photons. However, xenon emits in the vacuum ultraviolet wavelength region (175 nm) where the reflecting properties of PTFE are not sufficiently known. In this work we report on measurements of PTFE reflectance, including its angular distribution, for the xenon scintillation light. Various samples of PTFE, manufactured by different processes (extruded, expanded, skived and pressed) have been studied. The data were interpreted with a physical model comprising both specular and diffuse reflections. The reflectance obtained for these samples ranges from about 47% to 66% for VUV light. Fluoropolymers, namely ETFE, FEP and PFA were also measured

    The variability behavior of CoRoT M-giant Stars

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    For 6 years the Convection, Rotation, and Planetary Transits (CoRoT) space mission has acquired photometric data from more than one hundred thousand point sources towards and directly opposite from the inner and outer regions of the Galaxy. The high temporal resolution of the CoRoT data combined with the wide time span of the observations has enabled the study of short and long time variations in unprecedented detail. From the initial sample of 2534 stars classified as M-giants in the CoRoT databasis, we selected 1428 targets that exhibit well defined variability, using visual inspection. The variability period and amplitude of C1 stars (stars having Teff < 4200 K) were computed using Lomb-Scargle and harmonic fit methods. The trends found in the V-I vs J-K color-color diagram are in agreement with standard empirical calibrations for M-giants. The sources located towards the inner regions of the Galaxy are distributed throughout the diagram while the majority of the stars towards the outer regions of the Galaxy are spread between the calibrations of M-giants and the predicted position for Carbon stars. The stars classified as supergiants follow a different sequence from the one found for giant stars. We also performed a KS test of the period and amplitude of stars towards the inner and outer regions of the Galaxy. We obtained a low probability that the two samples come from the same parent distribution. The observed behavior of the period-amplitude and period-Teff diagrams are, in general, in agreement with those found for Kepler sources and ground based photometry, with pulsation being the dominant cause responsible for the observed modulation. We also conclude that short-time variations on M-Giant stars do not exist orare very rare and the few cases we found are possibly related to biases or background stars.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

    Trinta anos de dados de precipitação diária para todos os municípios do Rio Grande do Sul.

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    Resumo: O Programa Nacional de Zoneamento Agrícola de Risco Climático (ZARC) é baseado em tecnologia desenvolvida pela Embrapa, considerada uma das mais importantes contribuições para balizar atividades de seguro e de crédito rural atreladas à Política Agrícola Nacional. Na base dessa tecnologia está o cálculo do Índice de Satisfação das Necessidades de Água (ISNA) pelas culturas, que só pode ser calculado a partir da disponibilidade de uma longa série de dados diários de precipitação por município. Atualmente, a série histórica utilizada no ZARC está restrita até 2013 e necessita de atualização. Dados do Banco Central do Brasil sobre processos de crédito e seguro apontam que o maior número de contratos se concentra no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), relacionados à cultura da soja, e que o maior número de sinistros é devido à seca. O presente trabalho se dedicou a criar uma série histórica de dados diários de precipitação, para cada município do RS, de 1991 a 2020, reunindo todos os dados disponíveis. Nós utilizamos dados de: 79 municípios que possuíam estações da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA); de 74 municípios que possuíam dados de estações, tanto da ANA, quanto do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET); e de 344 municípios que só possuíam estimativas a partir de dados do satélite meteorológico TRMM. Foi aplicada imputação de valores quando não eram existentes medidas para determinadas datas e locais. Ao final, foi gerada uma base definitiva, sem dados faltantes, de quase 5,5 milhões de registros, que pode ser utilizada para diversos fins
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