6,240 research outputs found
Exponential Temperature Dependence of Penetration Depth in Single Crystal MgB_2
The temperature dependence of the London penetration depth,lambda(T), was
measured in both single crystal and polycrystalline MgB_2 samples by a
high-resolution, radio frequency technique. A clear exponential temperature
dependence of lambda(T) was observed at low temperature, indicating s-wave
pairing. A BCS fit to the lowest temperature data gives an in-plane energy gap
Delta of 2.6\pm0.2 meV (2\Delta/T_c=1.5\pm0.1), which is significantly smaller
than the standard BCS weak coupling value of 3.5. We find that the data are
best described by a two-gap model.Comment: Minor corrections added, as per published articl
The Role of Endocrine G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Ovarian Cancer Progression
published_or_final_versio
Loading Dynamics of a sliding DNA clamp
Sliding DNA clamps are loaded at a ss/dsDNA junction by a clamp loader that depends on ATP binding for clamp opening. Sequential ATP hydrolysis results in closure of the clamp so that it completely encircles and diffuses on dsDNA. We followed events during loading of an E. coli beta clamp in real time by using single-molecule FRET (smFRET). Three successive FRET states were retained for 0.3 s, 0.7 s, and 9 min: Hydrolysis of the first ATP molecule by the g clamp loader resulted in closure of the clamp in 0.3 s, and after 0.7 s in the closed conformation, the clamp was released to diffuse on the dsDNA for at least 9 min. An additional single-molecule polarization study revealed that the interfacial domain of the clamp rotated in plane by approximately 88 during clamp closure. The single-molecule polarization and FRET studies thus revealed the real-time dynamics of the ATP-hydrolysis-dependent 3D conformational change of the b clamp during loading at a ss/dsDNA junction.X1156Ysciescopu
MOBS: Multi-operator Observation-Based Slicing using lexical approximation of program dependence
Observation-Based Slicing (ORBS) is a recently-introduced program
slicing technique based on direct observation of program
semantics. Previous ORBS implementations slice a the program by
iteratively deleting adjacent lines of code. This paper introduces
two new deletion operators based on lexical similarity. Furthermore,
it presents a generalization of ORBS that can exploit multiple deletion
operators: Multi-operator Observation-Based Slicing (MOBS).
Empirical evaluation of MOBS using three real world Java projects
finds that the use of lexical information, improves the efficiency
of ORBS: MOBS can delete up to 87% of lines while taking only
about 33% of the execution time with respect to the original ORBS
implementation
Womens experiences of HIV testing and counselling in the labour ward: A case of Bwaila hospital
Introduction: HIV counseling and testing during labour can be emotional, but is important because it allows mothers and babies to receive PMTCT prophylaxis if previous identification of HIV infection has not occurred. The study explores how HIV testing and counseling during early labour affects women.Methodology: This was a qualitative exploratory study to understand women’s experiences during early labor. From September to October 2009, we conducted 10 indepth interviews with women who tested for HIV during early labour. We recruited women who tested > 3 months previously and those who had never tested for HIV from the postpartum ward of Bwaila Hospital. Data were analyzed manually using the life story approach in order to examine and analyse subjective experiences of women and their constructions of the social world. Transcripts were read multiple times to understand meanings which participants attached to their experiences. We coded data according to emerging themes and subthemes.Results: Ten women 20-35 years were interviewed. Eight women had unknown HIV status while two had known HIV results but re-tested to update their status. Four women were found HIV-positive while 6 were HIVnegative. The primary theme was that women appreciated and accepted HIV testing and counseling. Testing was accepted as a necessary step to protect the infant from HIV infection. Counseling was viewed as helpful for acceptance of HIV status. One key subtheme was that HIV positive women experienced disappointment about their HIV diagnosis, though this was outweighed by the knowledge that one could protect her infant. All women viewed the short time to complete the counseling and testing procedures as favourable.Conclusion: Labour testing is acceptable and should be promoted to enhance PMTCT services by identifying HIV positive women with unknown status. Counseling helps women to accept being found with HIV and seek appropriate services
Cooper pairing near charged black holes
We show that a quartic contact interaction between charged fermions can lead
to Cooper pairing and a superconducting instability in the background of a
charged asymptotically Anti-de Sitter black hole. For a massless fermion we
obtain the zero mode analytically and compute the dependence of the critical
temperature T_c on the charge of the fermion. The instability we find occurs at
charges above a critical value, where the fermion dispersion relation near the
Fermi surface is linear. The critical temperature goes to zero as the marginal
Fermi liquid is approached, together with the density of states at the Fermi
surface. Besides the charge, the critical temperature is controlled by a four
point function of a fermionic operator in the dual strongly coupled field
theory.Comment: 1+33 pages, 4 figure
Noninvasive imaging of radiolabeled exosome-mimetic nanovesicle using Tc-99m-HMPAO
Exosomes known as nano-sized extracellular vesicles attracted recent interests due to their potential usefulness in drug delivery. Amid remarkable advances in biomedical applications of exosomes, it is crucial to understand in vivo distribution and behavior of exosomes. Here, we developed a simple method for radiolabeling of macrophage-derived exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (ENVs) with Tc-99m-HMPAO under physiologic conditions and monitored in vivo distribution of Tc-99m-HMPAO-ENVs using SPECT/CT in living mice. ENVs were produced from the mouse RAW264.7 macrophage cell line and labeled with Tc-99m-HMPAO for 1 hr incubation, followed by removal of free Tc-99m-HMPAO. SPECT/CT images were serially acquired after intravenous injection to BALB/c mouse. When ENVs were labeled with Tc-99m-HMPAO, the radiochemical purity of Tc-99m-HMPAO-ENVs was higher than 90% and the expression of exosome specific protein (CD63) did not change in Tc-99m-HMPAO-ENVs. Tc-99m-HMPAOENVs showed high serum stability (90%) which was similar to that in phosphate buffered saline until 5 hr. SPECT/CT images of the mice injected with Tc-99m-HMPAO-ENVs exhibited higher uptake in liver and no uptake in brain, whereas mice injected with Tc-99m-HMPAO showed high brain uptake until 5 hr. Our noninvasive imaging of radiolabeled-ENVs promises better understanding of the in vivo behavior of exosomes for upcoming biomedical application.114327Ysciescopu
Characterizing Interdisciplinarity of Researchers and Research Topics Using Web Search Engines
Researchers' networks have been subject to active modeling and analysis.
Earlier literature mostly focused on citation or co-authorship networks
reconstructed from annotated scientific publication databases, which have
several limitations. Recently, general-purpose web search engines have also
been utilized to collect information about social networks. Here we
reconstructed, using web search engines, a network representing the relatedness
of researchers to their peers as well as to various research topics.
Relatedness between researchers and research topics was characterized by
visibility boost-increase of a researcher's visibility by focusing on a
particular topic. It was observed that researchers who had high visibility
boosts by the same research topic tended to be close to each other in their
network. We calculated correlations between visibility boosts by research
topics and researchers' interdisciplinarity at individual level (diversity of
topics related to the researcher) and at social level (his/her centrality in
the researchers' network). We found that visibility boosts by certain research
topics were positively correlated with researchers' individual-level
interdisciplinarity despite their negative correlations with the general
popularity of researchers. It was also found that visibility boosts by
network-related topics had positive correlations with researchers' social-level
interdisciplinarity. Research topics' correlations with researchers'
individual- and social-level interdisciplinarities were found to be nearly
independent from each other. These findings suggest that the notion of
"interdisciplinarity" of a researcher should be understood as a
multi-dimensional concept that should be evaluated using multiple assessment
means.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in PLoS On
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