Fabrication Of A Spun Elliptically Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fiber And Its Characterization As An Electrical Current Sensor

In this paper a spun elliptically birefringent photonic crystal fiber is fabricated and characterized. Its performance as a current sensor, using a polarimetric configuration, was tested and compared against single mode fiber at 633 nm. In particular the sensor sensitivity and linearity was investigated using fiber loops with different radius or number of turns around the conductor. The results obtained show that the spun fiber (40 rotation per meter) is able to suppress quite effectively the effects of the bend induced birefringence as compared to the standard fiber. © 2013 SPIE.8794 Innovative Economy National Cohesion Strategy,InPhoTech Ltd.,AMS Technologies,PHOENIXSilva, R., Optical current sensors for high power systems: A review (2012) Appl. Sci., 2, pp. 602-628GForman, P., Jahoda, F., Linear birefringence effects on fiber-optic current sensors (1988) Applied Optics, 27 (15), pp. 3088-3096Rose, A.H., Ren, Z., Day, G., Twisting and annealing optical fiber for current sensors (1996) Journal of Lightwave Technology, 14 (11), pp. 2492-2498Laming, R.I., Payne, S., Electric-current sensors employing spun highly birefringent optical fibers (1989) Journal of Lightwave Technology, 7 (12), pp. 2084-2094Michie, A., Spun elliptically birefringent photonic crystal fibre for current sensing (2007) Meas. Sci. Technol, 18, pp. 3070-307

Application Of A Photonic Crystal Fiber Lpg For Vibration Monitoring

A fiber optic sensor based on a long-period grating (LPG) inscribed in a photonic crystal fiber is investigated for vibration sensing for structural monitoring applications. In this paper, preliminary results are shown demonstrating the sensor ability to detect vibration induced in a test structure. The sensor frequency response when attached to a loudspeaker-acrylic plate stimulation system (tested in the range from 40 Hz to 2.5 kHz) is analyzed using an intensity based scheme with a tunable laser. An alternative interrogation scheme, where the vibration signal is retrieved from a spectral scan, is also demonstrated and analyzed showing promising characteristics for structural health monitoring. © 2013 SPIE.8794 Innovative Economy National Cohesion Strategy,InPhoTech Ltd.,AMS Technologies,PHOENIXLee, B., Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors (2003) Optical Fiber Technology, 9 (2), pp. 57-79Zheng, S., Zhu, Y., Krishnaswamy, S., Temperature insensitive all-fiber accelerometer using a photonic crystal fiber long-period grating interferometer (2012) Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security, 8347, pp. 1-10Qiu-Ming, N., Development and application of low-frequency fbg vibration sensor (2010) 5th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies: Smart Structures and Materials in Manufacturing and Testing, pp. 1-7. , Xiamen, ChinaPark, G., Cudney, H.H., Inman, D.J., Impedance-based health monitoring of civil structural components (2000) Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 6 (4), pp. 153-160Bien, J., Kaminski, T., Kuzawa, M., Rawa, P., Zwolski, J., Dynamic tests of two old masonry arch bridges over the Odra river in Wrocaw (2011) EVACES, pp. 79-86. , Varenna, ItalyChang, J., Huo, D., Ma, L., Liu, X., Liu, T., Wang, C., Interrogation a fiber bragg grating vibration sensor by narrow line width light (2008) Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, pp. 1-4. , AsiaTanaka, S., Wada, A., Takahashi, N., Highly sensitive operation of LPG vibration sensor using bending-induced spectral change (2011) 21st International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, pp. 1-4. , Ottawa, CanadaJames, S.W., Tatam, R.P., Optical fibre long-period grating sensors: Characteristics and application (2003) Measurement Science and Technology, 14 (5), pp. 49-61Bhatia, V., Applications of long-period gratings to single and multi-parameter sensing (1999) Optics Express, 4 (11), pp. 457-46

Strong Power Transfer Between Photonic Bandgaps Of Hybrid Photonic Crystal Fibers

This work reports the strong nonlinear power transfer between two adjacent photonic bandgaps of hybrid photonic crystal fibers. The nonlinear phenomenon originates from the generation of a resonant radiation in a particular bandgap, which is ensured by launching a femtosecond pulse near the zero-dispersion wavelength of a lower-order adjacent bandgap, where its correspondent soliton is formed. A theoretical description based on fiber dispersion properties and phase-matching conditions is presented to contribute to the interpretation and understanding of the highly efficient energy transference. Furthermore, various experimental results are reported, including the resonant radiation that peaks at 8.5 dB above that of the initial pulse, which represents a significant enhancement in the nonlinear efficiency compared to previous published works in the literature.223641Arismar Cerqueira, S., Jr., Recent progress and novel applications of photonic crystal fibers (2010) Rep. Prog. Phys., 73, p. 024401Arismar Cerqueira, S., Jr., Luan, F., Cordeiro, C.M.B., George, A.K., Knight, J.C., Hybrid photonic crystal fiber (2006) Opt. Express, 14, pp. 926-931Xiao, L., Jin, W., Demokan, M.S., Photonic crystal fibers confining light by both index-guiding and bandgap-guiding: Hybrid PCFs (2007) Opt. Express, 15, pp. 15637-15647Ould-Agha, Y., Bétourné, A., Vanvincq, O., Bouwmans, G., Quiquempois, Y., Broadband bandgap guidance and mode filtering in radially hybrid photonic crystal fiber (2012) Opt. Express, 20, pp. 6746-6760Arismar Cerqueira, S., Jr., Lona, D.G., De Oliveira, I., Hernandez-Figueroa, H.E., Fragnito, H.L., Broadband single-polarization guidance in hybrid photonic crystal fibers (2011) Opt. Lett., 36, pp. 133-135Alkeskjold, T.T., Large-mode-area ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier with distributed narrow spectral filtering and reduced bend sensitivity (2009) Opt. Express, 17, pp. 16394-16405Pang, M., Xiao, L.M., Jin, W., Arismar Cerqueira, S., Jr., Birefringence of hybrid PCF and its sensitivity to strain and temperature (2012) J. Lightwave Technol., 30, pp. 1422-1432Bétourné, A., Kudlinski, A., Bouwmans, G., Vanvincq, O., Mussot, A., Quiquempois, Y., Control of supercontinuum generation and soliton self-frequency shift in solid-core photonic bandgap fibers (2009) Opt. Lett., 34, pp. 3083-3085Arismar Cerqueira, S., Jr., Cordeiro, C.M.B., Biancalana, F., Roberts, P.J., Hernandez-Figueroa, H.E., Brito Cruz, C.H., Nonlinear interaction between two different photonic bandgaps of a hybrid photonic crystal fiber (2008) Opt. Lett., 33, pp. 2080-2082Pureur, V., Dudley, J.M., Nonlinear spectral broadening of femtosecond pulses in solid-core photonic bandgap fibers (2010) Opt. Lett., 35, pp. 2813-2815Austin, D.R., Martijn De Sterke, C., Eggleton, B.J., Brown, T.G., Dispersive wave blue-shift in supercontinuum generation (2006) Opt. Express, 14, pp. 11997-12007Arismar Cerqueira, S., Jr., Nobrega, K.Z., Hernandez-Figueroa, H.E., Di Pasquale, F., PCFDT: An accurate and friendly photonic crystal fiber design tool (2008) Optik, 119, pp. 723-732Haakestad, M., Skaar, J., Causality and Kramers-Kronig relations for waveguides (2005) Opt. Express, 13, pp. 9922-9934Kodama, Y., Hasegawa, A., Nonlinear pulse propagation in a monomode dielectric guide (1987) J. Quant. Electron., 23 (5), pp. 510-524Agrawal, G., (2013) Nonlinear Fiber Optics, , Academic Press (Chapter 12)Fuerbach, A., Steinvurzel, P., Bolger, J., Eggleton, B., Nonlinear pulse propagation at zero dispersion wavelength in anti-resonant photonic crystal fibers (2005) Opt. Express, 13, pp. 2977-2987Husakou, A.V., Herrmann, J., Supercontinuum generation of higher-order solitons by fission in photonic crystal fibers (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, p. 203901Akhmediev, N., Karlsson, M., Cherenkov radiation emitted by solitons in optical fibers (1995) Phys. Rev. A, 51, pp. 2602-2607Arismar Cerqueira, S., Jr., Do Nascimento, Jr.A.R., Franco, M.A.R., De Oliveira, I., Serrão, V.A., Fragnito, H.L., Numerical and experimental analysis of polarization properties from hybrid PCFs across different photonic bandgaps (2012) Opt. Fiber Technol., 18, pp. 462-469Arismar Cerqueira, S., Do Nascimento, Jr.A.R., Gouveia, M.A., Cordeiro, C.M.B., Efficient energy transfer between photonic bandgaps (2012) Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), , Conference on, May 201

Fabrication And Characterization Of Spun Hibi Pcf Fibers For Current Sensing Applications

In this paper three highly birefringent (HiBi) spun photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are fabricated and their performance are characterized for electrical current measurement. These fibers are tested by coiling them around an electric conductor using three distinct winding diameters with different turns. The results present a very good linear relation with the current and its sensitivity depends on the winding diameter and on the number of turns. For the larger winding diameter, the fiber with lower circular pitch had higher sensitivity and for the smaller winding diameter the best sensitivity result was for the fiber with higher circular pitch. © 2014 SPIE.9157BaySpec,COPSESA,et al.,FiberCore,FiberSensing,OZ OpticsEl-Khozondar, R.J., Koch, A.W., Magnetic field inhomogeneity induced on the Magneto-optical current sensors (2011) Information PhotonicsRahmatian, F., High-voltage current and voltage sensors for a smarter transmission grid and their use in live-line testing and calibration (2010) Power and Energy Society General Meeting, pp. 10-12Donaldson, E.F., Gibson, G.R., Pilling, N.A., Taylor, B.T., Hybrid optical current transformer with optical and power-line energisation (2000) Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 147 (5), pp. 304-309Laming, R.I., Payne, D.N., Electric current sensors employing spun highly birefringent optical fibers (1989) Journal of Lightwave Technology, 7 (12), pp. 2084-2094Gubin, V.P., Isaev, V.A., Morshnev, S.K., Sazonov, A.I., Starostin, N.I., Chamorovsky, Y.K., Oussov, A.I., Use of Spun optical fibres in current sensors (2006) Quantum Electronics, 36 (3), pp. 287-291Michie, A., Canning, J., Lyytikäinen, K., Aslund, M., Digweed, J., Temperature independent highly birefringent photonic crystal fibre (2004) Optics Express, 12 (21), pp. 5160-5165Michie, A., Canning, J., Bassett, I., Haywood, J., Digweed, K., Ashton, B., Stevenson, M., Lau, A., Spun elliptically birefringent photonic crystal fibre for current sensing (2007) Measurement Science and Technology, 18 (10), pp. 3070-3074Russell, P., Photonic crystal fibers (2003) Science, 299 (5605), pp. 358-362. , New York, N. YWest, R.H., Dispersion of verdet constant in stress-birefringent silica fibre (1984) Electronics Letters, 20 (22), pp. 20-2

Synthesis and application of ferromagnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite as an effective adsorbent for Clonazepam: Batch experiments, modeling, regeneration, and phytotoxicity

In this work, a ferromagnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite (mGO) was produced, characterized, and tested for clonazepam removal from water. After the nanocomposite production and characterization, adsorption tests showed that the initial pH does not influence the clonazepam removal. Clonazepam adsorption onto mGO was an extremely fast process, with equilibrium reached within the first minutes. Sips isotherm showed the best fit to the experimental data, presenting a maximum adsorption capacity of 14.81 mg g−1, indicating that the clonazepam adsorption process is favorable. Pseudo-first order was the empirical kinetic model that best fit the experimental data, with R2 > 0.99; as for the phenomenological models, both the Linear and Quadratic Driving Force models fit the data with R2 > 0.97. Moreover, the regenerative and reuse potential of the nanocomposite was analyzed, exhibiting remarkable regeneration potential, even after 5 adsorption/desorption cycles. Finally, according to the phytotoxicity tests, it was observed that the effluent treated with mGO did not present toxicity to watercress seeds, as all seeds germinated. This work stands out because it proposes a nanoparticle composite material for the viable, efficient, eco-friendly, and easy removal of an emerging contaminant from water