Gazali ve Suhreverdi’de Tasavvufi Tecrübenin Önemi

Bu tez, Ebu Hamid Muhammed bin Muhammed bin Muhammed el-Gazzali (1058-1111) ve Ebu’l-Fütuh Şahabeddin Yahya bin Habeş bin Emirek Sühreverdi'nin (1154-1191), bilginin mistik uygulama ve tecrübe yoluyla edinimi hakkındaki fikirlerini analiz etmektedir. Onların tasavvuf uygulaması ve entelektüel yaklaşımı, İslamileşmiş dünyasının felsefe geleneği anlamında filozofi ile ilişkileri ve bunların her iki geleneğe (felsefe ve tasavvuf) ilişkin mistisizmini nasıl etkilediği ile karşılaştırılacaktır. Ontolojilerine ve epistemolojisine özel dikkat gösterilecektir. Göz önüne alınacak başlıca eserler Gazzali'nin Mişkatü’l-Envar, Kitab Şerh ‘Aca’ibi’l-Kalb ve el-Münqiz mine’l-Dalal ve Sühreverdi'nin Hikmetü’l-İşrak, Kelimetü’l-Tasavvuf ve el-Elvahü’l-İmadiyye'ıdır. Son olarak, bunların mistik deneyimleri ve epistemolojisi, bu yaklaşımların bu yazarların çalışmasına uygun olup olmadığını görmek için mistisizmin (Tradisyonalizm, Birlik Tezi ve Yapısalcılık) üç yaklaşımı ile karşılaştırılacaktır. Hem Gazzali'nin hem de Sühreverdi'nin, akla değer vermekle birlikte, doğruyu araştırmada mistisizm yolunu akıl yoluna göre daha üstün gördüklerini ve reddetmediklerini iddia ediyorum. Daha doğrusu doğruluk arayışının en iyi yolu, mistisizm ve aklı birleştirmektir. Ayrıca adı geçen mistisizm araştırmalarına (Tradisyonalizm, Birlik Tezi ve Yapısalcılık) ilişkin üç yaklaşımdan hiçbirinin yazarlarımıza uygun olmadığını iddia ediyorum, bu yüzden yeni yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç vardır.This thesis analyzes Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Muhammad al-Ghazali (1058-1111) and Abu al-Futuh Yahya b. Habash b. Amirak al-Suhrawardi’s (1154-1191) ideas about the acquisition of knowledge through mystical practice and experience. Their practice of tasawwuf and their intellectual approach to it will be compared to their relation to philosophy, in the sense of the felsefe tradition of the Islamicate world, and how their being related to both traditions (felsefe and tasawwuf) informed their mysticism. Particular attention will be given to their ontology and epistemology. The main works that will be taken in consideration are Ghazali’s Mishkat al-Anwar, Kitab Sharh Ajaib al-Qalb and al-Munqidh min al-Dalal and Suhrawardi’s Kitab Hikmat al-Ishraq, Kalimat al-Tasawwuf and al-Alwah al-Imadiyyah. Finally, their mystical experiences and epistemology will be compared to three approaches to the study of mysticism (Traditionalism, the Unity Thesis and Constructionism) to see whether these approaches are suitable to the study of these authors. I argue that both Ghazali and Suhrawardi consider the way of mysticism as superior to the way of reason in seeking the truth, even though they both value reason and do not reject it. Rather, the best way of seeking the truth is by joining mysticism and reason. I also argue that none of the three approaches to the study of mysticism mentioned (Traditionalism, Unity Thesis and Constructionism) suits our authors, so new approaches are needed

Inflammatory Cytokines Associated With Failure of Lower-Extremity Endovascular Revascularization (LER): A Prospective Study of a Population With Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the most relevant complications of diabetes. Although several pharmacological and revascularization approaches are available for treating patients with diabetes and PAD, an endovascular approach is often associated with postprocedural complications that can increase the risk for acute limb ischemia or amputation. However, no definitive molecular associations have been described that could explain the difference in outcomes after endovascular treatment in patients with diabetes, PAD, and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the relationship between the levels of the main cytokines associated with diabetic atherosclerosis and the outcomes after endovascular procedures in patients with diabetes, PAD, and CLTI. RESULTS A total of 299 patients with below-the-knee occlusive disease who were undergoing an angioplasty procedure were enrolled. The levels of key cytokines—osteoprotegerin (OPG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP)—were measured, and major adverse limb events (MALE) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were assessed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. There was a linear trend from the lowest to the highest quartile for each cytokine at baseline and incident MALE. A linear association was also observed between increasing levels of each cytokine and incident MACE. Receiver operating characteristics models were constructed using clinical and laboratory risk factors, and the inclusion of cytokines significantly improved the prediction of incident events. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that elevated OPG, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels at baseline correlate with worse vascular outcomes in patients with diabetes, PAD, and CLTI undergoing an endovascular procedure

Serum High Mobility Group Box-1 Levels Associated With Cardiovascular Events After Lower Extremity Revascularization: A Prospective Study of a Diabetic Population

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the most disabling cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is indeed associated with a high risk of cardiovascular and limb adverse events. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) is a nuclear protein involved in the inflammatory response that acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine when released into the extracellular space. HMBG-1 is associated with PAD in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum HMGB-1 levels and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE) after lower-extremity endovascular revascularization (LER) in a group of diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of 201 diabetic patients with PAD and CLTI requiring LER. Baseline serum HMGB-1 levels were determined before endovascular procedure. Data on cardiovascular and limb outcomes were collected in a 12-month follow-up. Results: During the follow-up period, 81 cases of MACE and 93 cases of MALE occurred. Patients who subsequently developed MACE and MALE had higher serum HMGB-1 levels. Specifically, 7.5 ng/mL vs 4.9 ng/mL (p \u3c 0.01) for MACE and 7.2 ng/mL vs 4.8 ng/mL (p \u3c 0.01) for MALE. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the association between serum HMGB-1 levels and cardiovascular outcomes remained significant in multivariable analysis. In our receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, serum HMGB-1 levels were a good predictor of MACE incidence (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.78) and MALE incidence (AUC = 0.75). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that serum HMGB-1 levels are associated with the incidence of MACE and MALE after LER in diabetic populations with PAD and CLTI

Development of a Biomarker Panel for Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (Clti): A Prospective Study

BACKGROUND: Lower-extremity endovascular revascularization (LER) is often required for diabetic patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). During the post-revascularization period patients may unpredictably experience major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE). Several families of cytokines are involved in the inflammatory process that underlies the progression of atherosclerosis. According to current evidence, we have identified a panel of possible biomarkers related with the risk of developing MACE and MALE after LER. The aim was to study the relationship between a panel of biomarkers - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and 6 (IL-6), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), High-Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB-1), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Sortilin and Omentin-1- at baseline, with cardiovascular outcomes (MACE and MALE) after LER in diabetic patients with CLTI. METHODS: In this prospective non-randomized study, 264 diabetic patients with CLTI undergoing endovascular revascularization were enrolled. Serum levels of each biomarker were collected before revascularization and outcomes\u27 incidence was evaluated after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 42 cases of MACE and 81 cases of MALE occurred. There was a linear association for each biomarker at baseline and incident MACE and MALE, except Omentin-1 levels that were inversely related to the presence of MACE or MALE. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the association between each biomarker baseline level and outcomes remained significant in multivariable analysis. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) models were constructed using traditional clinical and laboratory risk factors and the inclusion of biomarkers significantly improved the prediction of incident events. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated IL-1, IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, HMGB-1, OPG and Sortilin levels and low Omentin-1 levels at baseline correlate with worse vascular outcomes in diabetic patients with CLTI undergoing LER. Assessment of the inflammatory state with this panel of biomarkers may support physicians to identify a subset of patients more susceptible to the procedure failure and to develop cardiovascular adverse events after LER

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This contribution was delivered online on 8 May 2020 on the occasion of the EUI State of the Union dedicated to 'Europe: managing the COVID-19 crisis'

Welcome to second day sessions of SOU 07 May 2021 [by Renaud Dehousse, EUI President and Dario Nardella, Mayor of Florence]

This contribution was delivered online on 7 May 2021 on the occasion of the hybrid 2021 edition of EUI State of the Union on ‘Europe in a Changing World'

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This contribution was delivered on 5 May 2023 on the occasion of the hybrid 2023 edition of EUI State of the Union on 'Building Europe in times of uncertainty'Introductory welcome to the second day of the State of the Union 2023 by Dario Nardella, Mayor of Florence, Eugenio Giani, President of the Tuscany Region and Renaud Dehousse, President of the EUI

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This contribution was delivered on the occasion of the EUI State of the Union in Florence on 8 May 2015.This intervention was part of the recorded SoU morning sessions that took place on 8 May 2015 available on Youtube; move to the part of the video session of your interest within the video recording

Welcome by Dario Nardella, Mayor, City of Florence, Eugenio Giani, President, Tuscan Region, Leonardo Bassilichi, President, Chamber of Commerce, Florence and Renaud Dehousse, President, EUI

This contribution was delivered on 6 May 2022 on the occasion of the hybrid 2022 edition of EUI State of the Union on ‘A Europe fit for the next generation?

Welcome [by Dario Nardella, Mayor of Florence; Monica Barni, Vice-President, Tuscany Region; Leonardo Bassilichi, President, Chamber of Commerce of Florence; Renaud Dehousse, President of the EUI]

This contribution was delivered on the occasion of the EUI State of the Union in Florence on 5 May 2017This intervention was part of the recorded SoU morning sessions that took place on 5 May 2017 available on Youtube; move to the part of the video session of your interest within the video recording