On-farm management of agricultural biodiversity in Vietnam: Proceedings of a symposium, 6-12 December 2001, Hanoi, Vietnam

Vietnam represents a country of ancient human culture, where agriculture has existed for millennia. It is the long history of agriculture and diverse ecological systems that grant Vietnam such an enormous diversity of plant genetic resources (PGR). Recently, the national and international concern about biodiversity conservation has risen as we become aware of its important role in the survival of humankind, particularly under conditions of climate change and environmental degradation. Consequently, the Government of Vietnam has made great efforts to facilitate PGR conservation and use. The first steps have resulted in successful conservation of biodiversity ex situ, which is known as the safest method. At present, however, the important role of in situ conservation in allowing evolution and adaptation processes, which are fully stopped by ex situ conservation, to take place, has gained more and more recognition. The project for ”Strengthening the Scientific Basis for in situ Conservation of agrobiodiversity on-farm” serves as a good expression of this common trend. Nine countries, namely Burkina Faso, Hungary, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Peru, Turkey, Vietnam and Ethiopia participate in this project. The main purpose is to develop essential knowledge to answer the questions WHAT, WHERE, WHEN and HOW in situ conservation can be effective. These proceedings contain the results achieved by Vietnamese partners in the first phase presented in the Project Annual Meeting organized by VASI and IPGRI-APO in Hanoi, Vietnam from 6 to 8 December 2001

Some analytical properties of #gamma#-convex functions on the real line

This paper deals with analytical properties of #gamma#-convex functions on the real line, which are defined as those f satisfying the inequality f(x'_1)+f(x'_2)#<=#f(x_1)+f(x_2) for x'_i element of [x_1, x_2], parallel x_i-x'_i parallel =#gamma#, i=1,2, whenever parallel x_1-x_2 parallel >#gamma# for some given positive #gamma#. This class contains all convex functions and all periodic functions with period #gamma#. In general, #gamma#-convex functions do not have such good properties as convex functions. For instance, there exist #gamma#-convex functions which are nowhere continuous or totally unbounded. But #gamma#-convex functions possess so-called conservation properties, i.e., properties which remain true on every bounded interval, or even on the entire domain, if only they hold true on an arbitrary closed interval with length #gamma#. It is shown that boundedness, bounded variation, integrability, continuity and differentiability almost everywhere are some conservation properties of #gamma#-convex functions on the real line. Further on, #gamma#-convex functions also have infection properties, i.e., properties which certainly infect to other places, once appear somewhere, for example, discontinuity. Besides, some equivalent characterizations of #gamma#-convexity are given. Additionally, some ways for generating and representing #gamma#-convex functions are described. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RR 1606(95-14) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Spatial Analysis of Drug-Susceptible and Multidrug-Resistant Cases of Tuberculosis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2020–2023

We characterized the spatial distribution of drug-susceptible (DS) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) cases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, a major metropolis in southeastern Asia, and explored demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with local TB burden. Hot spots of DS and MDR TB incidence were observed in the central parts of Ho Chi Minh City, and substantial heterogeneity was observed across wards. Positive spatial autocorrelation was observed for both DS TB and MDR TB. Ward-level TB incidence was associated with HIV prevalence and the male proportion of the population. No ward-level demographic and socioeconomic indicators were associated with MDR TB case count relative to total TB case count. Our findings might inform spatially targeted TB control strategies and provide insights for generating hypotheses about the nature of the relationship between DS and MDR TB in Ho Chi Minh City and the wider southeastern region of Asia

Circulating microRNAs in sera correlate with soluble biomarkers of immune activation but do not predict mortality in ART treated individuals with HIV-1 infection: A case control study

10.1371/journal.pone.0139981PLoS ONE1010e013998