15 research outputs found
External attacks on automotive system through wireless communication channels
The reliance of today’s automotive system on electronics control system is expected to make the cars to be state-of-the-art vehicle. However, this technology dependency results in the cars to be exposed to attacks by the hacker through the manipulation of electronics system. Previously, for the attacker to compromise car’s system, he/she must access the car directly and internally. However, with the incorporation of wireless technologies such as Bluetooth and cellular into automotive system for example in its telematic units, the attacks are evolved from internal attacks into remote attack where the adversary does not have to internally access the car’s system. This paper analyses the vulnerabilities of the automotive system by the remote attacks performed through Bluetooth and cellular. Once the vulnerabilities were analyzed, the threats imposed by these vulnerabilities are accessed. Two scenarios namely theft and surveillance are used to exemplify the threats that are carried by the vulnerability of the automotive system to the remote attacks. From the vulnerability analysis and threat assessment, it can be deduced that the automotive system is vulnerable to attacks and proper countermeasure must be taken to curb the implication from the attacks.Keywords: Hardware Trojan, Insertion, Third-part IP, Trus
eta' to eta pi pi Decay as a Probe of a Possible Lowest-Lying Scalar Nonet
We study the eta' to eta pi pi decay within an effective chiral Lagrangian
approach in which the lowest lying scalar meson candidates sigma(560) and
kappa(900) together with the f0(980) and a0(980) are combined into a possible
nonet. We show that there exists a unique choice of the free parameters of this
model which, in addition to fitting the pi pi and pi K scattering amplitudes,
well describes the experimental measurements for the partial decay width of
eta' to eta pi pi and the energy dependence of this decay. As a by-product, we
estimate the a0(980) width to be 70 MeV, in agreement with a new experimental
analysis.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figure
Putative Light Scalar Nonet
We investigate the "family" relationship of a possible scalar nonet composed
of the a_0(980), the f_0(980) and the \sigma and \kappa type states found in
recent treatments of \pi\pi and \pi K scattering. We work in the effective
Lagrangian framework, starting from terms which yield "ideal mixing" according
to Okubo's original formulation. It is noted that there is another solution
corresponding to dual ideal mixing which agrees with Jaffe's picture of scalars
as qq\bar q \bar q states rather than as q\bar q states. At the Lagrangian
level there is no difference in the formulation of the two cases (other than
the numerical values of the coefficients). In order to agree with experiment,
additional mass and coupling terms which break ideal mixing are included. The
resulting model turns out to be closer to dual ideal mixing than to
conventional ideal mixing; the scalar mixing angle is roughly -17 degrees in a
convention where dual ideal mixing is 0 degrees.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries