Comparative cellular analysis of motor cortex in human, marmoset and mouse

The primary motor cortex (M1) is essential for voluntary fine-motor control and is functionally conserved across mammals(1). Here, using high-throughput transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of more than 450,000 single nuclei in humans, marmoset monkeys and mice, we demonstrate a broadly conserved cellular makeup of this region, with similarities that mirror evolutionary distance and are consistent between the transcriptome and epigenome. The core conserved molecular identities of neuronal and non-neuronal cell types allow us to generate a cross-species consensus classification of cell types, and to infer conserved properties of cell types across species. Despite the overall conservation, however, many species-dependent specializations are apparent, including differences in cell-type proportions, gene expression, DNA methylation and chromatin state. Few cell-type marker genes are conserved across species, revealing a short list of candidate genes and regulatory mechanisms that are responsible for conserved features of homologous cell types, such as the GABAergic chandelier cells. This consensus transcriptomic classification allows us to use patch-seq (a combination of whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, RNA sequencing and morphological characterization) to identify corticospinal Betz cells from layer 5 in non-human primates and humans, and to characterize their highly specialized physiology and anatomy. These findings highlight the robust molecular underpinnings of cell-type diversity in M1 across mammals, and point to the genes and regulatory pathways responsible for the functional identity of cell types and their species-specific adaptations.Cardiovascular Aspects of Radiolog

Compatibilidade entre tratamento de sementes de amendoim com fungicidas, sobrevivência de Rhizobium e nodulação Compatibility between peanut seed preservation with fungicides, survival of rhizobia and nodulation

Conduziu-se um experimento para testar a compatibilidade dos fungicidas captã, PCNB e tirã com a inoculação de sementes de amendoim, cujo tratamento se efetuou simultaneamente com a inoculação ou dez dias antes desta. No momento da inoculação e quatro horas após, fez-se uma contagem de Rhizobium nas sementes, pelo método da diluição e inoculação de gotas em placas, mantendo-se um controle sem aplicação de fungicida. Para se estudar o efeito dos tratamentos na nodulação e fixação, plantaram-se as sementes em solo esterilizado, avaliando-se a nodulação e o teor de ureídeos nas folhas. Somente o captã aplicado simultaneamente à inoculação foi prejudicial à sobrevivência bacteriana nas sementes. De maneira geral, a aplicação dos fungicidas simultaneamente à inoculação mostrou-se prejudicial em relação à antecipada.<br>An experiment was carried out to test the compatibility between peanut seed treated with the fungicides captan, PCNB and thiram with rhizobia inoculation. The application of the fungicides was done either simultaneously or ten days before the inoculation of the seeds. A control, without inoculation, was included. Countings of rhizobia on the seed were made immediately after inoculation and four hours after, by dilution and drop plating technique. In order to study the effect of treatments on nodulation and nitrogen fixation, treated and untreated seeds were planted in gamma irradiated soil and nodulation and leaf ureid content were later evaluated. It was observed that only captan applied to the seed simultaneously with inoculation was significantly deleterious to survival of the rhizobia. In general the application of the fungicide ten days before inoculation caused no significant harmfull effect to survival of rhizobia on the seed