Macrosocial determinants of population health in the context of globalization

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55738/1/florey_globalization_2007.pd

Thermal conductivity of soils with heavy metals concentration from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria

This paper presents the characteristic thermal and chemical properties of some surface soil samples from the oil-producing regions of Nigeria. A microprocessor-based thermal analyzer was used to determine the thermal conductivity while spectrophotometric procedure was employed to conduct the heavy metal concentration analysis. Thermal conductivity values were compared with heavy metal concentrations in each soil sample. The values of lead and cadmium and their respective measured thermal conductivities were highly correlated, with their correlation coefficients both greater than 0.900, while other metals showed no correlation

Preoperative anaemia and outcome after elective cardiac surgery: a Dutch national registry analysis

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that preoperative anaemia in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is associated with adverse outcomes. However, most of these studies were retrospective, had a relatively small sample size, and were from a single centre. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the severity of preoperative anaemia and short- and long-term mortality and morbidity in a large multicentre national cohort of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: A nationwide, prospective, multicentre registry (Netherlands Heart Registration) of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery between January 2013 and January 2019 was used for this observational study. Anaemia was defined according to the WHO criteria, and the main study endpoint was 120-day mortality. The association was investigated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In total, 35 484 patients were studied, of whom 6802 (19.2%) were anaemic. Preoperative anaemia was associated with an increased risk of 120-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-1.9; P<0.001). The risk of 120-day mortality increased with anaemia severity (mild anaemia aOR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-1.9; P<0.001; and moderate-to-severe anaemia aOR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4-2.4; P<0.001). Preoperative anaemia was associated with red blood cell transfusion and postoperative morbidity, the causes of which included renal failure, pneumonia, and myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative anaemia was associated with mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery. The risk of adverse outcomes increased with anaemia severity. Preoperative anaemia is a potential target for treatment to improve postoperative outcomes

Distribution of cadmium in a cultivated soil in Britanny, France Distribuição de cádmio em solo cultivado na Bretanha, França

Cadmium (Cd) can be potentially toxic to the environment, and its bioavailability is related to the chemical forms it occurs in the soils. The distribution of Cd into the solid phase and its availability was investigated in a cultivated soil in Britanny, France. Cd sequential extraction was performed using a modified Tessier's sequential extraction protocol. Total content of Cd (n = 22 samples) ranged from 0.13 to 0.37 mg kg¹. Long term history of organic and mineral fertilizers application increased Cd concentration in the surface horizon. The fate of Cd was correlated with soil available P2O5 concentration and pH. The regression analysis (linear and non-linear) and Principal Component Analysis revealed the synergistic effect of P2O5 in the retention of Cd in cultivated soils. The following fractions' sequence was observed: bounded to Fe and Al oxides + phosphates > exchangeable > bound to organic matter » residual fraction.<br>O cádmio (Cd) pode ser tóxico no ambiente e sua biodisponibilidade está relacionada às formas químicas em que os metais se encontram no solo. Apresenta-se a distribuição deste metal na fase sólida de um solo cultivado na Bretanha, França, assim como fatores que influenciam sua disponibilidade. Foi realizada a extração sequencial do Cd utilizando o método Tessier, modificado. A concentração total de Cd, avaliada em 22 amostras, variou de 0,13 a 0,37 mg kg¹. O uso contínuo de fertilizantes orgânicos e minerais aumentou a concentração de Cd no horizonte superficial do solo. A distribuição do Cd foi relacionada à concentração de P2O5 disponível e ao pH. Análises de regressão (linear e não linear) e a Análise de Componentes Principais mostraram efeito sinérgico do P2O5 na retenção de Cd nos solos cultivados. O fracionamento apresentou a seguinte sequência: ligado a óxidos de Fe e de Al + fosfatos > trocável > ligado à matéria orgânica » residual