Observation Of Very High Energy Cosmic-ray Families In Emulsion Chambers At High Mountain Altitudes (i)

Characteristics of cosmic-ray hadronic interactions in the 1015 - 1017 eV range are studied by observing a total of 429 cosmic-ray families of visible energy greater than 100 TeV found in emulsion chamber experiments at high mountain altitudes, Chacaltaya (5200 m above sea level) and the Pamirs (4300 m above sea level). Extensive comparisons were made with simulated families based on models so far proposed, concentrating on the relation between the observed family flux and the behaviour of high-energy showers in the families, hadronic and electromagnetic components. It is concluded that there must be global change in characteristics of hadronic interactions at around 1016 eV deviating from thise known in the accelerator energy range, specially in the forwardmost angular region of the collision. A detailed study of a new shower phenomenon of small-pT particle emissions, pT being of the order of 10 MeV/c, is carried out and its relation to the origin of huge "halo" phenomena associated with extremely high energy families is discussed as one of the possibilities. General characteristics of such super-families are surveyed. © 1992.3702365431Borisov, (1981) Nucl. Phys., 191 BBaybrina, (1984) Trudy FIAN 154, p. 1. , [in Russian], Nauka, MoscowLattes, Hadronic interactions of high energy cosmic-ray observed by emulsion chambers (1980) Physics Reports, 65, p. 151Hasegawa, ICR-Report-151-87-5 (1987) presented at FNAL CDF Seminar, , Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoCHACALTAYA Emulsion Chamber Experiment (1971) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 47, p. 1Yamashita, Ohsawa, Chinellato, (1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, p. 30. , Tokyo, 1984, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo(1984) Proc. 3rd Int. 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Rev., 38 D, p. 1404Dynaevsky, Zimin, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interaction, p. 93. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, PolandDynaevsky, (1990) Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, , Tarbes, France(1989) FIAN preprint no. 208, , Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow(1990) Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 8, p. 259. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, AustraliaHasegawa, (1990) ICR-Report-216-90-9, , Inst. for Cosmic-Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoTamada, (1990) Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 1990, 8. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, AustraliaTamada, (1990) ICR-Report-216-90-9(1981) Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Paris, 5, p. 291(1990) Proc. Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 1990, 8, p. 267. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, Australia(1989) Inst. Nucl. Phys. 89-67/144, , preprint, Inst. Nucl. 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Трансформация составляющих классического "комплекса маркетинга предприятия" в "комплекс маркетинга потребителя" в современных условиях

Розглянуто передумови процесу трансформації класичного комплексу маркетингу "4Р" у "комплекс маркетингу споживача". Проведено аналіз та порівняння теоретичних аспектів сучасних концепцій комплексу маркетингу із класичною теорією "маркетинг мікс". Виявлено потребу в акцентуванні уваги на комплексному аналізі потреб цільової аудиторії як важливому елементі формування маркетингових комунікацій сучасних підприємств. Наголошено на можливості синтезу елементів існуючих теорій комплексу маркетингу для досягнення максимального взаємного задоволення потреб виробників та споживачів.The prerequisites of transformation of classical marketing mix "4R" to "consumer marketing mix" are described. The analysis and comparison of the theoretical aspects of the marketing mix and modern concepts of classical "marketing mix" are presented. The need to focus on the complex analysis of needs of the target audience as an important element of marketing communications of modern enterprises is revealed. The possibility of elements synthesis of existing theories of the marketing mix to maximize mutual satisfaction of producers and consumers is emphasised.Рассмотрены предпосылки трансформации классического комплекса маркетинга "4Р" в "комплекс маркетинга потребителя". Проведен анализ и сравнение теоретических аспектов современных концепций комплекса маркетинга с классической теорией "маркетинг микс". Выявлена необходимость в акцентировании внимания на комплексном анализе потребностей целевой аудитории как важном элементе формирования маркетинговых коммуникаций современных предприятий. Отмечены возможности синтеза элементов существующих теорий комплекса маркетинга для достижения максимального взаимного удовлетворения потребностей производителей и потребителей

Regio- and stereoselective [2+2] photocycloaddition in Ba2+ templated supramolecular dimers of styryl-derivatized aza-heterocycles

The regio- and stereoselective [2+2] photocycloaddition of 15-crown-5-containing styrylheterocycles resulting in formation of only one cyclobutane isomer out of eleven possible is described. It was shown that the cycloaddition takes place solely in the case of the supramolecular preorganization of the reactive molecules provided by both π–π stacking interaction of the heterocyclic fragments and sandwich-type coordination of the crown ether residues by the barium cation. The results point out the importance of the supramolecular approach for the synthesis of cyclobutane derivatives with desired structure and conformation. © 2016 Elsevier Lt

Regio- and stereoselective [2+2] photocycloaddition in Ba2+ templated supramolecular dimers of styryl-derivatized aza-heterocycles

The regio- and stereoselective [2+2] photocycloaddition of 15-crown-5-containing styrylheterocycles resulting in formation of only one cyclobutane isomer out of eleven possible is described. It was shown that the cycloaddition takes place solely in the case of the supramolecular preorganization of the reactive molecules provided by both π–π stacking interaction of the heterocyclic fragments and sandwich-type coordination of the crown ether residues by the barium cation. The results point out the importance of the supramolecular approach for the synthesis of cyclobutane derivatives with desired structure and conformation. © 2016 Elsevier Lt