Fluoride technology of obtaining REM magnetic alloys and master alloys

Rare earth permanent magnets (REPM) based on neodymium-Fe-boron system are the most promising, since they have the highest magnetic and satisfactory mechanical characteristics. The paper covers physical-chemical principles and shows the results of experimental studies of the process of obtaining REM alloys and master alloys using fundamentally new fluoride technology based on ladle calciothermal REM fluorides and Fe reduction

Morphological record of pedogenesis and landscape evolution in the upper quaternary pedosediments within the upper Volga river basin

The morphological record of pedogenesis (mostly at a micromorphological scale) and the features of paleosols developed at the northern geographical extremity of the MIS3 paleopedoshpere (including the Bryansk fossil soils) are described. The profiles of the MIS3 paleosols (dark humic gley and peaty gley with the14С-age around 29-50 cal kyr BP) are located within the periglacial zone in the centre of the Russian Plain (56.7°-58.5° N) within the Upper Volga drainage basin. An assemblage of stable micromorphological features of paleosols studied includes the following: 1) ferruginous nodules and other pedofeatures, occasionally fragmented; 2) concentration (separation) of sand grains within certain microzones; 3) inclusions of raw organic matter, often deformed and oriented to different degrees within the matrix. Despite being buried for a long time period and superimposed by the Holocene pedogenetic processes (clay illuviation), the paleosols preserve some features of short-term (101-102 yr) and medium-term (102-103-4 yr) elementary pedogenetic processes (EPP). The short-term EPP include gleying, structure forming and cryogenic processes. The medium-term EPP include humus formation, peat formation and organic matter accumulation. A hypothesis of cryogenic formation of the paleosols studied is substantiated. Only an almost impermeable layer of permafrost could cause water-logging and gleying in these geological and geomorphological conditions

Observation of time quasicrystal and its transition to superfluid time crystal

We report experimental realization of a quantum time quasicrystal, and its transformation to a quantum time crystal. We study Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons, associated with coherent spin precession, created in a flexible trap in superfluid $^3$He-B. Under a periodic drive with an oscillating magnetic field, the coherent spin precession is stabilized at a frequency smaller than that of the drive, demonstrating spontaneous breaking of discrete time translation symmetry. The induced precession frequency is incommensurate with the drive, and hence the obtained state is a time quasicrystal. When the drive is turned off, the self-sustained coherent precession lives a macroscopically-long time, now representing a time crystal with broken symmetry with respect to continuous time translations. Additionally, the magnon condensate manifests spin superfluidity, justifying calling the obtained state a time supersolid or a time super-crystal

Fluoride technology of obtaining REM magnetic alloys and master alloys

Rare earth permanent magnets (REPM) based on neodymium-Fe-boron system are the most promising, since they have the highest magnetic and satisfactory mechanical characteristics. The paper covers physical-chemical principles and shows the results of experimental studies of the process of obtaining REM alloys and master alloys using fundamentally new fluoride technology based on ladle calciothermal REM fluorides and Fe reduction

PHOTODYNAMIC DIAGNOSIS AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY IN SUPERFICIAL BLADDER CANCER

A comprehensive fluorescence technique has been developed to study the urinary bladder mucosa in patients with superficial bladder cancer (BC), by using alasense, white light cystoscopy, fluorescence cytoscopy, and local fluorescence spectroscopy in vivo. Quantification of urothelium fluorescence in the red emission foci of 5-ALA-induced protophorphyrin, with the local autofluorescence intensity being borne in mind, has been shown to increase the specificity of photodynamic diagnosis of superficial BC from 70 to 85% (p ≤ 0.05) and the total accuracy of the technique from 80 to 86%

Prediction the academic performance of the first-year students with the help of decision tree based on the results of their issuing of the use

The paper describes the methodology of group classification and prediction the academic performance of the first-year students during the first trimester of education by building a decision tree based on the passing of the Unified State Exam (USE)В работе описывается методика групповой классификации и прогнозирования успеваемости студентов-первокурсников в течение первого триместра обучения с помощью построения дерева принятия решений на основе результатов сдачи Единого Государственного Экзамена (ЕГЭ

PHARMACOECONOMICAL RESEARCH OF THE USE OF SORAFENIB IN MALIGNANT TUMORS

Purpose. Pharmacoeconomic rationale for the use of sorafenib in malignant tumors in comparison with drugs that are included in the list of pharmaceuticals to provide to certain categories of citizens.Method of the study. Pharmacoeconomic rationale for the use of sorafenib in this study is made by analyzing the impact on the budget. The calculated costs of treatment with sorafenib at a hypothetical group of 100 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and differentiated thyroid cancer resistant to radioactive iodine (DCT). These costs were compared with costs of treatment of a similar group of 100 patients, with treatment of MRCC applied bevacizumab (original or generic) in combination with interferon α, and patients with HCC and DCT were excluded from receiving drugs from a program of providing with necessary medicines (PNM). As a result the potential economic effect of the inclusion of sorafenib in the list of PNM was calculated.Results. Treatment of MRCC is cheaper with the use of sorafenib compared to bevacizumab in combination with interferon α: savings is 592 878 rubles in the original use of bevacizumab and 274 976 rubles in the use of generic bevacizumab for one patient-year. If we use sorafenib in a group of 100 people with MRCC, HCC and DCT suitable for treatment with sorafenib, the overall expenses are more than 175 million rubles, while using the original combination of bevacizumab with interferon α – more than 204 million rubles, and in the application of the generic combination of bevacizumab with interferon α – more than 176 million rubles, while in the two last cases the treatment of patients with HCC and DCT is not carried out. The total amount of annual budget savings in the treatment of 100 patients is more than 28.5 million rubles at the account of original of bevacizumab or more than 1 million rubles in accounting of generic bevacizumab.Conclusion. The inclusion of the targeted drug sorafenib in the list of pharmaceuticals to provide certain categories of citizens is economically justified. The use of sorafenib, instead of the combination of bevacizumab + interferon-α in patients with MRCC gives us the opportunity to release the funds and provide a systemic treatment of patients with other malignancies (HCC, DCT) while reducing the burden on the budget

Approximate Homomorphisms of Ternary Semigroups

A mapping $f:(G_1,[ ]_1)\to (G_2,[ ]_2)$ between ternary semigroups will be called a ternary homomorphism if $f([xyz]_1)=[f(x)f(y)f(z)]_2$. In this paper, we prove the generalized Hyers--Ulam--Rassias stability of mappings of commutative semigroups into Banach spaces. In addition, we establish the superstability of ternary homomorphisms into Banach algebras endowed with multiplicative norms.Comment: 10 page

Роль окислительного стресса в формировании кардиодепрессии при тяжелой изолированной черепно-мозговой травме (экспериментальное исследование)

Objective: to study the role of oxidative stress in the development of cardiac structural and metabolic disorders in severe isolated brain injury (BI). Materials and methods. The impact of BI on the parameters of serum chemilu-minescence and the contractility of isolated rat hearts were studied in experiments on 66 outbred male albino rats, as described by E. T. Fallen et al. Lipid peroxidation processes were inhibited, by intraperitoneally injecting the antioxidant carnosine (100 mg/kg) 1 and 24 hours before or just after BI. Results. The rate of free radical processes rose an hour after severe isolated BI, which was associated with the indirect signs of cardiomyocitic membrane damages, depressed rat heart contractility, and their diminished resistance to hypoxia, reoxygenation, and exercise by high rhythm. Administration of carnosine to the animals favored the normalization of chemluminescent values with the high overall antioxidative capacity of serum. The effect of the agent depended on the time of its use and it was high when carnosine was injected 1 and 24 hours before injury. At the stage of reoxygenation after the hypoxic test, there was a significant increase in evolving pressure, the rate of left ventricular myocardial contraction and relaxation, and a reduction in AsAT activity in all coronary duct tests, as compared with the controls. A negative correlation was found between the burst amplitude and the myocardial relaxation rate in the animals receiving the agent. Conclusion. Improved cardiac contractility and increased capacities of the mechanisms responsible for Ca2+ transport due to the use of the antioxidant carnosine allow one to state that oxidative stress is one of the pathogenetic factors of cardiac depression in severe isolated BI. Key words: brain injury, heart, oxidative stress, carnosine.Цель исследования — изучение роли окислительного стресса в формировании структурно-метаболических нарушений сердца при тяжелой изолированной черепно-мозговой травме (ЧМТ). Материал и методы. В экспериментах на 66 белых беспородных крысах-самцах изучено влияние ЧМТ на показатели хемилюминесценции сыворотки крови и сократимость изолированных сердец крыс по E. T. Fallen et al. Процессы липопероксида-ции ингибировали путем применения внутрибрюшинно за 24 и 1 ч до травмы или непосредственно после ЧМТ антиоксиданта карнозина (100 мг/кг). Результаты. Через 1 ч после тяжелой изолированной ЧМТ возрастала интенсивность свободнорадикальных процессов, что сочеталось с косвенными признаками повреждений мембран кардиомиоцитов, депрессией сократимости сердец крыс и снижением их устойчивости к гипоксии, реок-сигенации и нагрузке ритмом высокой частоты. Введение животным карнозина способствовало нормализации показателей хемилюминесцентного анализа на фоне высокой общей антиоксидантной способности сыворотки крови. Эффект препарата зависел от сроков его применения и был большим при использовании карнозина за 24 и 1 ч до травмы. На этапе реоксигенации после гипоксической пробы было отмечено достоверное увеличение, по отношению к группе сравнения, развиваемого давления, скорости сокращения и расслабления миокарда левого желудочка, а также снижение активности АсАТ во всех пробах коронарного протока. Была выявлена отрицательная корреляционная зависимость между амплитудой вспышки и скоростью расслабления миокарда получавших препарат животных. Заключение. Улучшение сократительной функции сердец травмированных крыс и увеличение мощности механизмов, ответственных за транспорт Са2+, при использовании антиоксиданта карнозина позволяет утверждать, что окислительный стресс является одним из патогенетических факторов кардиодепрессии при тяжелой изолированной ЧМТ. Ключевые слова: черепно-мозговая травма, сердце, окислительный стресс, карнозин

Disentangling astroglial physiology with a realistic cell model in silico

Electrically non-excitable astroglia take up neurotransmitters, buffer extracellular K+ and generate Ca2+ signals that release molecular regulators of neural circuitry. The underlying machinery remains enigmatic, mainly because the sponge-like astrocyte morphology has been difficult to access experimentally or explore theoretically. Here, we systematically incorporate multi-scale, tri-dimensional astroglial architecture into a realistic multi-compartmental cell model, which we constrain by empirical tests and integrate into the NEURON computational biophysical environment. This approach is implemented as a flexible astrocyte-model builder ASTRO. As a proof-of-concept, we explore an in silico astrocyte to evaluate basic cell physiology features inaccessible experimentally. Our simulations suggest that currents generated by glutamate transporters or K+ channels have negligible distant effects on membrane voltage and that individual astrocytes can successfully handle extracellular K+ hotspots. We show how intracellular Ca2+ buffers affect Ca2+ waves and why the classical Ca2+ sparks-and-puffs mechanism is theoretically compatible with common readouts of astroglial Ca2+ imaging