69 research outputs found
Effect of certain psychopharmacological preparations on adaptation under stress conditions
Experiments staged on rats demonstrated that the formation of pathological states caused by stress and accompanied by the development of ulcerative lesion of the gastric mucosa are associated with the degree of the catecholamines level drop in the mesencephalon and hypothalamus. The application of seduxen and also of combinations consisting of L-DOPA with seduxen, or with an L-adrenoblocking agent pyroxan tends to reduce the frequency of developing alcerative lesions of the stomach. The protective effect produced by the combination of L-DOPA with an L-adrenoblocking agent pyroxan is barred by an additional administration of an B-adrenoblocking agent, inderal
ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ«Π₯
The pharmacological correction of the mineral composition of animal nutrition has been substantiated. The analysis of the results of studies of fodder by veterinary laboratories of theΒ Novosibirsk region for the period 2018β2019 was carried out. It has been established that in the production of animal fodder such crops as wheat, barley, oats, millet, corn, peas, and soybeans are used. Cereals make up about 85% of the compound fodder, legumes β 45%. It is noted that the mass fraction of moisture and dry matter in all types of animal fodder is within the permissible ranges of the norm. In winter cows are fed with hay, silage and mixed fodder. So protein deficiency (10.69 Β± 0.35%) occurs for milk yield above 10 kg per day. The largest amount of crude protein is contained in the meal (36.48 Β± 1.31%), the least is in silage (3.08 Β± 0.12%). Crude fat is mainly contained in the millcake (9.68 Β± 0.83%), and its minimum content is characterized by feed concentrates (0.49 Β± 0.39%). Rough forage β hay and straw are rich in fiber (27.04 Β± 0.58 and 36.87 Β± 1.29%, respectively). A low level of calcium was found in fodder such as silage and grain used for feed purposes β 2.07 Β± 0.11 and 2.22 Β± 0.21 g / kg, respectively. Potassium deficiency was detected in compound animal fodder (2.75β3.03 g / kg), which requires correction of the diet. A low phosphorus content is noted in roughage, silage, grain (0.07β0.27%). The forage obtained during the ensiling process is provided with zinc at 8.02 Β± 1.51 mg / kg, which is a low figure. The iron content in the compound feed is at an average level of supply β 40β50 mg / kg. Evaluation of the mineral composition of different types of feed showed the highest frequency of deviations in the amount of zinc β 42.5%. There are also significant fluctuations in the content of phosphorus and calcium in feed β 26.25 and 23.75%, respectively.ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2018β2019 Π³Π³. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎ, ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Π°, Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
, ΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 85% ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°, Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ β 45%. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ. Π Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ (10,69Β±0,35%) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ 10 ΠΊΠ³ Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ (36,48Β±1,31%), Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ β Π² ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ (3,08Β±0,12%). Π‘ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΆΠΌΡΡ
Π΅ (9,68Β±0,83%), Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ (0,49Β±0,39%). ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ° β ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ° (27,04Β±0,58 ΠΈ 36,87Β±1,29% ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ). ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ β 2,07Β±0,11 ΠΈ 2,22Β± 0,21 Π³/ΠΊΠ³ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ (2,75β3,03 Π³/ΠΊΠ³), ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π³ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅, Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ (0,07β0,27%). ΠΠΎΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° 8,02Β±1,51 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β 40β50 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° β 42,5%. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ β 26,25 ΠΈ 23,75% ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²
The authors conducted the study based on the experimental quail farm SRDIAH SFSCA RAS (Siberian Research and Design Institute of Animal Husbandry Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and at the Department of Obstetrics, Anatomy, and Histology of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. The study aims to change the content of micro- and macroelements in the blood of quails of the Japanese meat breed when using the Biocalcium feed additive. The productivity of animals depends on their health and is determined by their metabolism level. Birds, unlike other animals, have an intensive mineral metabolism.Calcium and phosphorus are two biologically active components with many functions that determine ana- and catabolic processes. When oviposition begins, the calcium and phosphorus concentration in chickensβ blood serum increases. But the rate of exchange of these macronutrients is determined by the activity of oviposition, so control over the content of these substances is relevant. Indicator enzymes that perform certain intracellular functions and enter the blood from the tissues are informative indicators for assessing metabolism. Using the activity index of alkaline phosphatase is reasonable to evaluate calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Using the feed additive Biocalcium in the blood of quail of the experimental group increased the calcium concentration by 0.2%. If we talk about zinc, iron, and magnesium indicators, they increased by 0.1-0.3%. It was also found that the introduction of fiber in feed rations had a definite effect on protein metabolism. During the experiment, it was found that the feed additive based on Siberian silver fir substrate Biocalcium has no apparent negative impact on the body of the quail. The additive is effective at a late stage of rearing. The authors note an improvement in metabolism, the mineral composition of the blood is normalized; hematopoiesis is stimulated without changing the stability of hematopoiesis and the constancy of the blood composition due to the introduction of this feed additive into the diet of birds.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π‘Π€ΠΠ¦Π Π ΠΠ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΠ£ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡ
Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π£ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½. ΠΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡ β Π΄Π²Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π°- ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. Π ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π·Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° 0,2%. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π° 0,1β0,3%. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ·Π°, Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
CHANGE IN CONTENT OF GLYCOPROTEINS ON THE SURFACE OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL CULTURE EA.HY 926 AND INTIMA OF INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNESIUM OROTATE
Aim. To study changes in the glycoproteins content in the glycocalyx of endothelial cells under the influence of magnesium orotate.Material and methods. Endotheliocytes of cell culture EA.hy 926 were examined beforeΒ and after addition of the magnesium orotate to the culture medium. Intimal endothelium of internal carotid arteries, fragments of which were obtained by sequential execution of bilateral resection of the arteries beforeΒ and after course of treatment with magnesium orotate was also investigated. Anthonyβ method (1931), designed for the study of glycoproteins in the bacteria capsule and adapted by L.V. Didenko (2013) for eukaryotes was used to detect glycoproteins. The scanning electron microscopy with simultaneous x-ray microanalysis was applied.Results. Total number of Cu2+-signals per one scanning field in the mapping of samples for Cu2+ as the indirect index of proteoglycan content in EA.hy 926 endothelial cell culture before incubation with magnesium orotate was 6928Β±124, and after incubation with magnesium orotate β 7592Β±131. Number of Cu2+-signals on the surface of the internal carotid artery intima before treatment with magnesium orotate was 5015Β±407, and after treatment β 6100Β±152 per one scanning field.Conclusion. A significant increase in the content of glycoproteins on the surface of EA.hy926 endothelial cell culture (+10%) and internal carotid artery intima (+22%) under the influence of magnesium orotate was found
ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡ Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π»Π° Π° Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ».
The relationship "structure β property" of the bacteriochlorofyll a derivatives has been investigated. The prognostic procedure of thermodynamic and spectral characteristics for group of these compounds has been offered.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Β«ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°βΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Β» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π»Π° Π°. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
The Baksan gallium solar neutrino experiment
A radiochemical 71Ga-71Ge experiment to determine the integral flux of neutrinos from the sun has been constructed at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory in the USSR. Measurements have begun with 30 tonnes of gallium. An additional 30 tonnes of gallium are being installed so as to perform the full experiment with a 60-tonne target. The motivation, experiment procedures, and present status of this experiment are described. Β© 1990
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ
The effect of mononitrogen fertilizer system on biochemical status of high fertility Luvisol sandy loam soil was studied during five years in the field experiment. Data interpretation of enzyme diagnostics was done based on the resulting estimation criteria, which is a biochemical coefficient including four key enzymatic parameters and representing the ratio of average speeds of humification and mineralization activities in Π‘ and N cycles. Five-year application of mono nitrogen fertilizer system resulted in progressive increase of organic substances mineralization, which enhanced with nitrogen dose rising. It is ecologically advisable to fertilize the soil with the complete mineral fertilizer with the minimal doses of phosphorus and potassium. Thus, humification and mineralization processes are balanced and organic matter is saved.ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 5 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ - Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ 4 ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ
Π‘ ΠΈ N. ΠΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
First results from the Soviet-American gallium experiment
The Soviet-American Gallium Experiment is the first experiment able to measure the dominant flux of low energy p-p solar neutrinos. Four extractions made during January to May 1990 from 30 tons of gallium have been counted and indicate that the flux is consistent with 0 SNU and is less than 72 SNU (68% CL) and less than 138 SNU (95% CL). This is to be compared with the flux of 132 SNU predicted by the Standard Solar Model. Β© 1991
Π€Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
Ecological management of soil resources is an urgent task involving periodic assessment of effect of fertilizers and other anthropogenic factors on the rate and direction of organic matter transformation. Mineralization and humification of organic residues are the most important functions of the soil, which determine its fertility and are closely related to the biochemical activity of microbial communities. When using intensive agricultural technologies, it is required to timely identify potential risks of reducing soil fertility. Taking into account the biochemical nature of the processes of mineralization and humification of organic substances, it is advisable to use indicators of enzymatic activity for this purpose. Enzymes are the most important metabolites of microorganisms. When choosing enzymatic indicators for a reliable assessment of influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the activity of mineralization and humification, we took into account large-scale and universal processes in the cycles of the main biogenic elements β carbon and nitrogen. Soil enzyme diagnostics was shown to be likely useful instrument for evaluation of natural and anthropogenic factors effect on mineralization and humification processes in sod-podzolic soils. The most informative enzymatic tests for characterization of soil biochemical status in C and N cycles were determined. Biochemical coefficient was proposed as a resulting criteria for interpretation of enzymes activity data, allowing to compare humification and mineralization activities, reveal their disbalance and control of anthropogenic impact on soils. Experimental data on the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the activity and ratio of humification and mineralization, obtained in long-term field experiments on soddy-podzolic soils of different granulometric composition and level of fertility are presented.ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² β Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² β Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ². Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π€Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ β Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² β ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ β Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
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