Viscosity solutions of general viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations

We present comparison principles, Lipschitz estimates and study state constraints problems for degenerate, second-order Hamilton-Jacobi equations.Comment: 35 pages, minor revisio

Question of Peccei-Quinn symmetry and quark masses in the economical 3-3-1 model

We show that there is an infinite number of U(1) symmetries like Peccei-Quinn symmetry in the 3-3-1 model with minimal scalar sector---two scalar triplets. Moreover, all of them are completely broken due to the model's scalars by themselves (notice that these scalars as known have been often used to break the gauge symmetry and generating the masses for the model's particles). There is no any residual Peccei-Quinn symmetry. Because of the minimal scalar content there are some quarks that are massless at tree-level, but they can get consistent mass contributions at one-loop due to this fact. Interestingly, axions as associated with the mentioned U(1)s breaking (including Majoron due to lepton-charge breaking) are all gauged away because they are also the Goldstone bosons responsible for the gauge symmetry breaking as usual.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures, revised version, to appear in Physical Review

Neutrino Masses in a 5D SU(3)WSU(3)_W TeV Unification Model

We study the generation of neutrino masses in the $SU(3)_W$ electroweak unified theory in $M_4\times S_1/(Z_2\times Z'_2)$ spacetime. By appropriate orbifolding, the bulk symmetry $SU(3)_W$ is broken into $SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y$ at one of the fixed points, where the quarks reside. The leptons form $SU(3)_W$ triplets, localized at the other symmetric fixed point. The fermion masses arise from the bulk Higgs sector containing a triplet and an anti-sextet. We construct neutrino Majorana masses via 1-loop quantum corrections by adding a parity odd bulk triplet scalar. No right-handed neutrino is needed. The neutrino mass matrix is of the inverted hierarchy type. We show that the model can easily accommodate the bi-large mixing angle solution favored by the recent neutrino experiments without much fine tuning of parameters. The constraints from \mu\ra 3e transition and neutrinoless double beta decays are discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Déterminants de l’utilisation des services médicaux en régime d’assurance-maladie

Under the regime of public health insurance, the utilization of health cares are determined by various socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the beneficiaries. These determinants are estimated in this study where we apply the dummy variable regression technique to the AMULET data bank, a 1971 cross-section of 8,608 beneficiaries in the province of Québec where most of health cares are free. In increasing order of importance, we find that :i) The individual utilization of health care is increasing with the age of beneficiaries and is higher for women than for the men for the age-group 15-50 years. This tendency is reversed for the age-group 50 years and older since the rate of increase in utilization is higher for men. There is, however, any significant difference in utilization on the basis of sex discrimination for the age-group 0-15 years. The structure age-sex, being of course a proxy of the health status of the beneficiaries, is the most important determinant of health cares utilization. ii) Individual utilization depends on the income class to which belongs the beneficiary. The beneficiaries of the highest and the lowest income class utilize more health care than those belonging to the so called "middle class". Notice however that the lowest income class in the data sample is composed in majority of aged beneficiaries.iii) The size of the beneficiaries' family is not a significant determinant of the utilization of health care for children of age-group 0-15 years. For other age-group however, utilization decreases with this family size for men, but increases for women. iv) The geographic area where the beneficiaries are identified is a weak determinant of utilization. Beneficiaries in urban area utilize more of health care than those living in rural area

Pairing reentrance in hot rotating nuclei

The pairing gaps, heat capacities and level densities are calculated within the BCS-based quasiparticle approach including the effect of thermal fluctuations on the pairing field within the pairing model plus noncollective rotation along the z axis for $^{60}$Ni and $^{72}$Ge nuclei. The analysis of the numerical results obtained shows that, in addition to the pairing gap, the heat capacity can also serve as a good observable to detect the appearance of the pairing reentrance in hot rotating nuclei, whereas such signature in the level density is rather weak.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev.