Semantic Motivation of Nominative Relatives as a Problem of Modern Lexicograph

The question of the semantic motivation of denominative relatives — significant units in the prepositional function is raised in the article. The influence on the volume and structure of the lexical part of the meaning of denominative relatives and their adverbial homonyms of the same semes inherited from the deriving name is comprehended. Peculiarities of semantization of adverbial and prepositional meanings are considered on the examples of relatives as a result and bypassing. It is proved that the ambiguity of ideas about semantic motivation largely determines the non-systematic fixation of homonymous service and significant units in dictionaries: adverbs are interpreted mainly through only one synonym and do not have a descriptive component in the definition, while prepositions are characterized by more detailed descriptive-synonymous definitions, including at least two partial synonyms. The analysis of dictionary entries and materials of the National Corpus of the Russian allows us to conclude that denominative relatives have a more complexly organized lexical part of the meaning than homonymous adverbs with the same generating base. It has been established that with the expansion of the system of meanings of a service language unit, there is a simplification of the seme composition of each individual meaning

Анализ показателей качества технической конопли, линии для ее переработки и однотипной пеньки

It is important to create foreign units alternative, introducing modern domestic technologies and lines in the framework of import substitution for the primary processing of strategic raw materials in the industrial hemp form.(Research purpose) To substantiate the technological scheme of the line for processing industrial hemp into the hemp short, the characteristics of raw materials and low-cost fibers for the primary processing of industrial hemp in the form of tangled mass of incomplete length stems, harvested by a specialized combine.(Materials and methods) Hemp rolls of spring harvesting were processed according to two options: single and double way of raw materials through the line, after which the hemp short quality indicators were determined.(Results and discussion) The authors found out that hemp raw material had broken and tangled stems 36-470 millimeters long, of high separability, with a fiber content of 26-30 percent, but with a small breaking load of 13-17 kilogram-forces. They determined that the fiber yield with a single way was 28-29 percent, with a double way – 23-22 percent. It was shown that a double pass reduced the mass fraction of shives by 3-4 percent in absolute terms and reduced the breaking load by no more than 2 kilogram-force. A low content of defects was revealed: the mass fraction of shives was no more than 7.1 percent, the absence of a “paw”. However, due to the minimum breaking load of the fiber, hemp was assigned to the lower grade.(Conclusions) The authors substantiated the scheme of small-sized and low-cost domestic line for the industrial hemp primary processing. They determined the quality indicators values of the hemp short and its output under various conditions of primary processing. The influence share of the second way through the line on the quality indicators was calculated: fiber yield – 97.3 percent; the breaking load of the twisted ribbon is 42.4 percent; mass fraction of shives – 75.3 percent; the average mass length is 61.2 percent; the weighted average linear density is 99.1 percent.. В рамках импортозамещения для первичной переработки стратегического сырья в виде технической конопли важно создать альтернативу зарубежным агрегатам, внедряя современные отечественные технологии и линии.(Цель исследования) Обосновать технологическую схему линии переработки технической конопли в однотипную пеньку, характеристики сырья и волокна низкой себестоимости для первичной переработки технической конопли в виде спутанной массы стеблей неполной длины, убранной зерноуборочным или специализированным комбайном.(Материалы и методы) Рулоны конопли весенней уборки перерабатывали по двум вариантам: однократный и двукратный пропуск сырья через линию, после чего определяли показатели качества однотипной пеньки.(Результаты и обсуждение) Выяснили, что коноплесырье имеет поломанные и спутанные стебли длиной 36-470 миллиметров, высокой отделяемости, с содержанием волокна 26-30 процентов, но с небольшой разрывной нагрузкой 13-17 килограмм-сил. Определили, что выход волокна при однократном пропуске составил 28-29 процентов, при двукратном – 22-23 процента. Показали, что двукратный пропуск снижает массовую долю костры на 3-4 процента в абсолютном выражении и уменьшает разрывную нагрузку не более чем на 2 килограмм-силы. Выявили низкое содержание пороков: массовая доля костры не более 7,1 процента, отсутствие «лапы». Однако из-за минимального значения разрывной нагрузки волокна пеньку отнесли к низшему сорту. (Выводы) Обосновали схему малогабаритной и малозатратной отечественной линии для первичной переработки технической конопли. Определили значения показателей качества однотипной пеньки и ее выход при различных условиях первичной переработки. Вычислили долю влияния второго пропуска через линию на качественные показатели: выход волокна – 97,3 процента; разрывную нагрузку скрученной ленточки – 42,4 процента; массовую долю костры – 75,3 процента; среднюю массодлину – 61,2 процента; средневзвешенную линейную плотность – 99,1 процента

АНАЛИЗ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЛИНИЙ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ МАСЛИЧНОГО ЛЬНА

Oil flax grows in many countries of the world. Fibre production on its basis can significantly increase the profitability of flax-growing farms. At the present stage, taking into account the real possibilities of the national economy, for its effective development  it is necessary to introduce advanced technologies. Cur-rently, processing enterprises may choose among different technological equipment lines to process oil flax into fibre and thus get additional profit. (Research purpose) The determination of a technologically and economical-ly effective line for oil flax processing. (Materials and methods) The main materials for calculation were represent-ed by the indicators of production capacity, the average annual value of fixed as-sets, the amount of money spent on salaries and wages, etc. The main research method is the balance method that allows making a plan in the form of a balance sheet that takes into account the sources of inputs and the requirements for these inputs. (Results and discussions) The authors have considered low-cost lines for oil flax processing into short fibre on the basis of disintegrators of various brands (from domestic and foreign producers), offered characteristics of the fibre obtained in the lines, and analyzed technical and economic indicators of various technologi-cal lines under different conditions, and the payback period of capital expenditures for different oil flax acreages. (Conclusions) The authors have determined that the most effective is the pro-cessing of oil flax from an area of at least 1000 hectares, with a throughput capaci-ty of raw materials of at least 1000 kg/h and a distance of the transportation of straw rolls to a processing site of 50 km. They have also obtained technological and economic data that can be used in the organization of oil flax processing into marketable fibre.Лен масличный произрастает во многих странах мира. Его использование для получения волокна может значительно повысить доходность льносеющего хозяйства. На современном этапе с учетом реальных возможностей отечественной экономики для эффективного развития льноводства необходимо внедрять прогрессивные технологии. В настоящее время у переработчиков есть выбор линии технологического оборудования переработки масличного льна в волокно для получения дополнительной  прибыли.  (Цель исследования) Определить технологически и экономически эффективную линию для переработки масличного льна. (Материалы и методы) Основные материалы для расчета – показатели производственной мощности, среднегодовой стоимости основных производственных фондов, объема денежных средств, направленных на оплату труда. Ведущий метод исследования – балансовый, позволяющий составить план, учитывающий источники ресурсов и потребность в них. (Результаты и обсуждения) Рассмотрели малозатратные  линии для переработки масличного льна в короткое волокно на основе дезинтеграторов различных марок (отечественного и иностранного производства). Сравнили характеристики волокна, получаемого на линиях. Проанализировали  технико-экономические показатели четырех технологических линий при разных условиях эксплуатации, сроки окупаемости капитальных затрат при различных площадях посева масличного льна. (Выводы) Установили, что наиболее эффективна переработка масличного льна с площади не менее 1000 гектаров,  при пропускной способности по сырью не менее 1000 килограмм  в час и при расстоянии перевозки рулонов к месту переработки – 50 километров. Получили технологические и экономические данные, которые можно использовать при организации переработки масличного льна в ликвидное волокно

Use of a neural network in creating a digital assistant for blind and visually impaired people

The experience of ongoing research in image processing clearly demonstrates the huge scope for the development of new neural networks that can help people in a wide range of tasks. The authors chose the direction of work related to helping people who have vision problems. The article considers a convolutional neural network of the Mask R-CNN model for segmenting objects in an image. During the research the authors study a large number of algorithms that can quickly and accurately process images, such as Faster R-CNN, which was the most efficient in 2020. During the analysis, it was revealed that the use of Mask R-N technology can significantly increase the efficiency of performing tasks, since this algorithm is the latest version of the machine learning model. As a result of the study, a neural network was developed that is capable of identifying and distinguishing a large number of objects in an image. The next step is to refine the algorithm and use additional means of interaction with the hardware of the systems to increase the speed of the neural network. In the future, the resulting neural network will be integrated into the Digital Assistant for the Blind and Visually Impaired Persons application. This application is guaranteed to improve the daily life of people with disabilities who experience certain inconveniences due to their features, and can become the basis for other, larger projects related, for example, to unmanned devices, as well as services whose work is directly based on image processing

ANTIGENIC AND PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF ASSOCIATED VIRUS VACCINE AGAINST SHEEP POX, GOAT POX AND PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS

H^t of occurrence of sheep and goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts requires development of new vaccines and improvement of available associated ones. Their administration allows for the reduction of vaccination time frames and cost. The study results demonstrated tat associated as well as monovalent virus vaccines against sheep pox, goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts have good antigenic properties. The vaccination induced high level of virus neutralizing antibodies against each of the above listed diseases and ensured formation of strong immunity tat is supported by the results of tallenge of sheep with virulent sheep pox virus (“Afghanistan” strain). In 14 and 21 days in blood of sheep immunized with the virus vaccine against sheep pox, goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts titres of antibodies against sheep pox virus ((4.17±0.12)-(4.84±0.31)) and PPR ((5.92±0.23)-(6.08±0.23)) were higher as compared to goat pox antibody titres ((1.99±0.89)-(3.53±0.58) log2). Herewith, antibody titres in blood sera of animals vaccinated with monovalent vaccine against sheep pox were higher against homologous virus ((3.62±0.12)- (4.08±0.31)) as compared to goat pox ((2.50±0.50)-(2.25±0.25) log2). The data demonstrate tat the associated vaccines may be used for preventive vaccination against sheep pox, goat pox and peste des petits rum^nts

Probing a Complex of Cytochromecand Cardiolipin by Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: Implications for the Initial Events in Apoptosis

Oxidation of cardiolipin (CL) by its complex with cytochrome c (cyt c) plays a crucial role in triggering apoptosis. Through a combination of magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy and potentiometric titrations, we show that both the ferric and ferrous forms of the heme group of a CL:cyt c complex exist as multiple conformers at a physiologically relevant pH of 7.4. For the ferric state, these conformers are His/Lys- and His/OH–-ligated. The ferrous state is predominantly high-spin and, most likely, His/–. Interconversion of the ferric and ferrous conformers is described by a single midpoint potential of -80 ± 9 mV vs SHE. These results suggest that CL oxidation in mitochondria could occur by the reaction of molecular oxygen with the ferrous CL:cyt c complex in addition to the well-described reaction of peroxides with the ferric form

Fragmentation and Multifragmentation of 10.6A GeV Gold Nuclei

We present the results of a study performed on the interactions of 10.6A GeV gold nuclei in nuclear emulsions. In a minimum bias sample of 1311 interac- tions, 5260 helium nuclei and 2622 heavy fragments were observed as Au projec- tile fragments. The experimental data are analyzed with particular emphasis of target separation interactions in emulsions and study of criticalexponents. Multiplicity distributions of the fast-moving projectile fragments are inves- tigated. Charged fragment moments, conditional moments as well as two and three -body asymmetries of the fast moving projectile particles are determined in terms of the total charge remaining bound in the multiply charged projectile fragments. Some differences in the average yields of helium nuclei and heavier fragments are observed, which may be attributed to a target effect. However, two and three-body asymmetries and conditional moments indicate that the breakup mechanism of the projectile seems to be independent of target mass. We looked for evidence of critical point observable in finite nuclei by study the resulting charged fragments distributions. We have obtained the values for the critical exponents gamma, beta and tau and compare our results with those at lower energy experiment (1.0A GeV data). The values suggest that a phase transition like behavior, is observed.Comment: latex, revtex, 28 pages, 12 figures, 3tables, submitted to Europysics Journal

Phosphatidylserine Targets Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to Professional Phagocytes In Vitro and In Vivo

Broad applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) dictate the necessity to better understand their health effects. Poor recognition of non-functionalized SWCNT by phagocytes is prohibitive towards controlling their biological action. We report that SWCNT coating with a phospholipid “eat-me” signal, phosphatidylserine (PS), makes them recognizable in vitro by different phagocytic cells - murine RAW264.7 macrophages, primary monocyte-derived human macrophages, dendritic cells, and rat brain microglia. Macrophage uptake of PS-coated nanotubes was suppressed by the PS-binding protein, Annexin V, and endocytosis inhibitors, and changed the pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Loading of PS-coated SWCNT with pro-apoptotic cargo (cytochrome c) allowed for the targeted killing of RAW264.7 macrophages. In vivo aspiration of PS-coated SWCNT stimulated their uptake by lung alveolar macrophages in mice. Thus, PS-coating can be utilized for targeted delivery of SWCNT with specified cargoes into professional phagocytes, hence for therapeutic regulation of specific populations of immune-competent cells