Film boiling on vertical surfaces in turbulent regime

Film boiling on vertical surfaces in turbulent regime using cryogenic fluid

A Stable Non-BPS Configuration From Intersecting Branes and Antibranes

We describe a tachyon-free stable non-BPS brane configuration in type IIA string theory. The configuration is an elliptic model involving rotated NS5 branes, D4 branes and anti-D4 branes, and is dual to a fractional brane-antibrane pair placed at a conifold singularity. This configuration exhibits an interesting behaviour as we vary the radius of the compact direction. Below a critical radius the D4 and anti-D4 branes are aligned, but as the radius increases above the critical value the potential between them develops a minimum away from zero. This signals a phase transition to a configuration with finitely separated branes

Film condensation in a horizontal rectangular duct

Condensation heat transfer in an annular flow regime with and without interfacial waves was experimentally investigated. The study included measurements of heat transfer rate with condensation of vapor flowing inside a horizontal rectangular duct and experiments on the initiation of interfacial waves in condensation, and adiabatic air-liquid flow. An analytical model for the condensation was developed to predict condensate film thickness and heat transfer coefficients. Some conclusions drawn from the study are that the condensate film thickness was very thin (less than 0.6 mm). The average heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing the inlet vapor velocity. The local heat transfer coefficient decreased with the axial distance of the condensing surface, with the largest change at the leading edge of the test section. The interfacial shear stress, which consisted of the momentum shear stress and the adiabatic shear stress, appeared to have a significant effect on the heat transfer coefficients. In the experiment, the condensate flow along the condensing surface experienced a smooth flow, a two-dimensional wavy flow, and a three-dimensional wavy flow. In the condensation experiment, the local wave length decreased with the axial distance of the condensing surface and the average wave length decreased with increasing inlet vapor velocity, while the wave speed increased with increasing vapor velocity. The heat transfer measurements are reliable. And, the ultrasonic technique was effective for measuring the condensate film thickness when the surface was smooth or had waves of small amplitude

Film condensation in a horizontal rectangular duct

Condensation heat transfer in a horizontal rectangular duct was experimentally and analytically investigated. To prevent the dripping of condensate on the film, the experiment was conducted inside a horizontal rectangular duct with vapor condensing only on the bottom cooled plate of the duct. R-113 and FC-72 (Fluorinert Electronic Fluid developed by the 3M Company) were used as the condensing fluids. The experimental program included measurements of film thickness, local and average heat transfer coefficients, wave length, wave speed, and a study of wave initiation. The measured film thickness was used to obtain the local heat transfer coefficient. The wave initiation was studied both with condensation and with an adiabatic air-liquid flow. The test sections used in both experiments were identical

IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF INHIBITOR AND SUBSTRATE BINDING SITE OF SERRAPEPTIDASE FROM SERRATIA MARCESCENS MTCC 8708

Objective: Serrapeptidase is a therapeutic enzyme broadly used as an anti-inflammatory drug to treat inflammatory diseases like arthritis, bronchitis, fibrocystic breast disease and sinusitis. The objective of present study is in silco analyzes of the substrate and inhibitor binding sites of serratiopeptidase, expressed from a cloned gene.Methods: The gene encoding Serrapeptidase was amplified from genomic DNA of Serratia marcescens MTCC 8707, an isolated from the flowers of summer squash plants. The gene was sequenced, the nucleotide sequence of 1464 nucleotides was submitted to Gen Bank nucleotide database and accession number GI: KP869847 obtained. The develop amino acid sequence was used to predict 3D structure using different bioinformatics tools and software's Further, CABS-dock and Swiss Dock, the docking servers were used for enzyme-substrate/inhibitor binding site analysis. The inflammatory mediators, bradykinin, and substance-P were used as substrates, whereas, EDTA and Lisinopril were used as an inhibitor for serrapeptidase. UCSF Chimera program was used for interactive visualization and analysis of docked results.Results: The docking studies show substrates bradykinin and substance-P bind near zinc binding site with minimum RMSD value and the inhibitors EDTA and lisinopril showed favorable interaction at zinc binding site of serrapeptidase with minimum free energy.Conclusion: The result of docking studies confirm that the substrate or inhibitor binds near zinc binding domain (HEXXH.) and the peptide bond of the substrate can be effectively cleaved by serrapeptidase.Keywords: Serrapeptidase, Anti-inflammation, Arthritis, Molecular docking, Drug discovery, Protein-peptide interaction, Bradykinin, Substance-

Simultaneous Determination of Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate and Metformin Hydrochloride in Tablets by a Validated UPLC Method

A novel approach was used to develop and validate a rapid, specific, accurate and precise reverse phase ultra performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate and Metformin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Aquity UPLC BEH C8 100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm, column using a buffer consisting of 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2 mM hexane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (pH adjusted to 5.50 with diluted phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile as organic solvent in a gradient program. The flow rate was 0.2 mL min−1 and the detection wavelength was 210 nm. The limit of detection (LOD) for Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate and Metformin hydrochloride was 0.2 and 0.06 μg mL−1, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate and Metformin hydrochloride was 0.7 and 0.2 μg mL−1, respectively. This method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. The method was also found to be stability-indicating

DDF Construction and D-Brane Boundary States in Pure Spinor Formalism

Open string boundary conditions for non-BPS D-branes in type II string theories discussed in hep-th/0505157 give rise to two sectors with integer (R sector) and half-integer (NS sector) modes for the combined fermionic matter and bosonic ghost variables in pure spinor formalism. Exploiting the manifest supersymmetry of the formalism we explicitly construct the DDF (Del Giudice, Di Vecchia, Fubini) states in both the sectors which are in one-to-one correspondence with the states in light-cone Green-Schwarz formalism. We also give a proof of validity of this construction. A similar construction in the closed string sector enables us to define a physical Hilbert space in pure spinor formalism which is used to project the covariant boundary states of both the BPS and non-BPS instantonic D-branes. These projected boundary states take exactly the same form as those found in light-cone Green-Schwarz formalism and are suitable for computing the cylinder diagram with manifest open-closed duality.Comment: 37 pages, typos corrected, some organisational changes mad

Genetic diversity analysis using molecular marker in Terminalia chebula

Terminalia chebula is an important medicinal plant, extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani and Homoeopathic medicines. The present study was aimed to reveal its genetic diversity based on molecular markers from twelve T. chebula accessions. Molecular diversity was studied using RAPD markers. A total of 8 polymorphic primers produced 314 polymorphic bands and 195 monomorphic bands. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPMGA) dendrogram divided the accessions into 2 major clusters. Accession IIHRTc2 and IIHRTc10 showed maximum genetic diversity with 55% similarity. This characterization based on molecular markers will help in identification of economically useful accessions for further crop improvement programme

Preparation of Electronics grade Bismuth, Antimony, Tellurium, Cadmium and Zinc by Vaccum distillation and Zone refining

APART from the usual importance of bismuth, antimony, tellurium, cadmium & zinc in thechemical, metallurgical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and paint industries , these materials in their high purity forms (9999 to 99999 %) have recently acquired special significance in the electronics industry for semiconductor and various other applications. The major applications of these electronics grade materials in the electronic industry are : Bismuth : solders and thermo-electric devices, Antimony : semi-conductor devices + for crystal doping), photocell cathodes, Tellurium Compound semi-conductors Cadmium Solders mostly for semi-conductor processing and for compound semi-conductors, such as CdS. Zinc : dopant and diffusant in semi-conductors