281 research outputs found
A Novel Family of Adaptive Filtering Algorithms Based on The Logarithmic Cost
We introduce a novel family of adaptive filtering algorithms based on a
relative logarithmic cost. The new family intrinsically combines the higher and
lower order measures of the error into a single continuous update based on the
error amount. We introduce important members of this family of algorithms such
as the least mean logarithmic square (LMLS) and least logarithmic absolute
difference (LLAD) algorithms that improve the convergence performance of the
conventional algorithms. However, our approach and analysis are generic such
that they cover other well-known cost functions as described in the paper. The
LMLS algorithm achieves comparable convergence performance with the least mean
fourth (LMF) algorithm and extends the stability bound on the step size. The
LLAD and least mean square (LMS) algorithms demonstrate similar convergence
performance in impulse-free noise environments while the LLAD algorithm is
robust against impulsive interferences and outperforms the sign algorithm (SA).
We analyze the transient, steady state and tracking performance of the
introduced algorithms and demonstrate the match of the theoretical analyzes and
simulation results. We show the extended stability bound of the LMLS algorithm
and analyze the robustness of the LLAD algorithm against impulsive
interferences. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our algorithms in
different scenarios through numerical examples.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processin
Stochastic Subgradient Algorithms for Strongly Convex Optimization over Distributed Networks
We study diffusion and consensus based optimization of a sum of unknown
convex objective functions over distributed networks. The only access to these
functions is through stochastic gradient oracles, each of which is only
available at a different node, and a limited number of gradient oracle calls is
allowed at each node. In this framework, we introduce a convex optimization
algorithm based on the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) updates. Particularly,
we use a carefully designed time-dependent weighted averaging of the SGD
iterates, which yields a convergence rate of
after gradient updates for each node on
a network of nodes. We then show that after gradient oracle calls, the
average SGD iterate achieves a mean square deviation (MSD) of
. This rate of convergence is optimal as it
matches the performance lower bound up to constant terms. Similar to the SGD
algorithm, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm also scales
linearly with the dimensionality of the data. Furthermore, the communication
load of the proposed method is the same as the communication load of the SGD
algorithm. Thus, the proposed algorithm is highly efficient in terms of
complexity and communication load. We illustrate the merits of the algorithm
with respect to the state-of-art methods over benchmark real life data sets and
widely studied network topologies
Optimization of Water Treatment Parameters using Processed Moringa oleifera As a Natural Coagulant for Low Turbidity Water
Moringa oleifera is a natural coagulant which can
be used for water treatment in tropical developing countries.
This study presents the results of production of natural
coagulant from processed Moringa oleifera with simple
technique (oil extraction, salt extraction, and microfiltration
with 0.2 μm). The optimization study on physical factors was
carried out for coagulation-flocculation process. Low initial
turbidity water samples (synthetic and river water) were used
with turbidity less than 50 Nephelometric Turbidity Units
(NTU). The response surface methodology (RSM) was used,
and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to
validate the developed regression model. The residual
turbidity obtained was 4.514 NTU for synthetic water and
1.598 NTU for river water by applying the optimum
conditions of 40 rpm (low speed), mixing time of 41 minutes,
and Moringa oleifera dosage of 0.75 mg/L
Introducing a Manipulated System of Drainage Basins of a Developing Countries
As a natural open system, in a drainage basin, there is water flow and balanced channel characteristics. In a manipulated channel system, however, according to Mrowka (1974) and Schumm (1977), the water flow is made under control that induces dynamics in channel characteristics. In this paper, attempt is made to uncover how channel project is caused, nature of the new forms of channel cross-sectional area, shape, sinuosity, and gradient, as well as flood-plain characteristics. It also covers the peculiar transformation evolved as drainage basin system is changed to channel project. Consequently in the paper, two tasks involved were explained. These are significant channel re-construction, and redirection of stream flow as relates to developing water terrace in the savanna zone of Nigeria with the increased channel project dated back 1970s (Olofin, 1980). Specifically, the paper drew considered the physical characteristics of the natural channel of River Suka in North Central Nigeria and the manipulated system or the new face of the drainage basin project of the Kano River, Nigeria used to structure the Tiga dam that involved downstream channel adjustments Keywords: drainage basin, channel, river, dam, downstrea
Moringa oleifera seeds as natural coagulant for water treatment
Developing countries and third world countries are facing potable water supply problems because of inadequate financial resources. The cost of water treatment is increasing and the quality of river water is not stable due to suspended and colloidal particle load caused by land development and high storm runoff during the rainy seasons especially in a country like Malaysia. During the rainy seasons the turbidity level increases and the need for water treatment chemicals increase as well, which leads to high cost of treatment which the water treatment cannot sustain. As a result, the drinking water that reaches the consumer is not properly treated. Therefore, it is of great importance to find a natural alternative for water coagulant to treat the turbidity. It has been found that Moringa oleifera is the best natural coagulant discovered yet, that can replace aluminium sulphate (Alum) which is used widely all around the world. The study is focusing in Moringa oleifera seeds to find the active constituents which are responsible about the coagulation mechanism and improving the coagulation property. This will help in producing this alternative locally as Moringa oleifera is grown in Malaysia and other tropical countries and can be of great benefit for water treatment
- …