Barriers effecting successful implementation of E-learning in Saudi Arabian universities

advancement of digital technology is influencing the leaping development of various activities in our daily life. E-learning systems has also gained a competitive edge over the prevailing traditional methodology. The prevailing pedagogy is being replaced by the E-learning teaching systems. E-Learning, teaching learning methodology provides more flexibility and allows freedom from time, place, physical presence, hectic, and stressful teaching-learning etc, thus play a vital role in education system. However, there are many barriers in E-Learning methodology for successful teaching-learning. Present research paper attempts to study the various barriers that are affecting the successful implementation of E-Learning in Saudi Arabian Universities. This study reviews various barriers from literature and identified most important E-Learning barriers which are described and grouped in four dimensions such as student, instructor, infrastructure and technology, and institutional management. Sixteen barriers falling under these relevant dimension were validated their importance quantitatively through university students, instructors, and E-Learning staffs of some well known universities in Saudi-Arabia. A survey instrument was developed and tested on a sample of 257 respondents of Saudi Arabian Universities. It was found that infrastructure and technology dimension is the most significant as perceived by respondents. Results of the study also reveal that, all barrier factors are highly reliable, therefore should be taken care for successful implementation of E-learning systems

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Accomplishing Sustainability in Manufacturing System for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) through Lean Implementation

Business enterprises such as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in economic development but struggle for sustainability. A business enterprise such as a manufacturing unit tries many technological innovations and strategic initiatives to accomplish sustainability in the manufacturing system. Lean manufacturing implementation is one such initiative that helps SMEs manufacture value-added products with increased profitability and waste minimization. However, lean implementation in SMEs is challenging. Hence, it is essential to follow a systematic framework and control the critical success factors (CSFs) in attempting lean implementation. The purpose of this research is to find, evaluate, and rank the CSFs of lean implementation of SMEs so that they may be controlled to accomplish successful lean implementation. The CSFs of lean implementation found by an in-depth assessment of the literature are modeled using the interpretative structural modeling (ISM) approach. MICMAC analysis is also used in classifying and understanding the significance of each lean implementation CSF. ISM and MICMAC provide the relationship modeling to reveal the inter-relationships of each lean implementation CSF. Subsequently, the ISM model is validated using the Delphi technique. The interpretative ranking process (IRP) has been applied to rank the CSFs of lean implementations. The results show that sustainability in a manufacturing system, financial capability, and employee involvement hold significant importance in lean implementations in manufacturing SMEs. Practicing managers may benefit from revisiting their lean implementation plans and respective aligned strategies. They will also be in a position to identify and focus on the scarce resources required for the subsequent lean implementations

A mixed method study for investigating critical success factors (CSFs) of E-learning in Saudi Arabian Universities

Electronic learning (E-Learning) is the education system has becoms the obvious choice of the community over the blobe because of its numerous advantages. The main aim of the present study is to identify critical success factors (CSFs) and validate them for successful implementations of the e-leanring at Saudi Arabian Universtrs. This study developed a multidimentional instrument for mreasuring the E-Learning CSFs in the higher educationla institutions of Saudi Arabai. This study reviewed various CSFs from literature and identified most important E0-Learning CSFs which are described and grouped in five dimensions such as studnet, instructor, design and contents, system and technology, and institutional management services. The 36 CSFs falling under these relevant dimensions were then validated their importance quantitatively through university students, instructors, and e-learning staffs of some well-known universities in Saudi Arabia. A survey instrument was developed and tested on a sample of 257 respondents of Saudi Arabia Universities. It was found that systems and technological dimension is the most significant as perceived by respondents. Results of the study discovered that all obtained factors are highly reliable and thus would be useful to develop and implement e-learning syste

Barriers Effecting Successful Implementation of E-Learning in Saudi Arabian Universities

Advancement of digital technology is influencing the leaping development of various activities in our daily life. E-Learning system has also gained a competitive edge over the prevailing traditional methodology. The prevailing pedagogy is being replaced by the E-Learning teaching system. E-Learning teaching-learning methodology provides more flexibility and allows freedom from time, place, physical presence, hectic, and stressful teaching-learning etc., thus plays a vital role in education system. However, there are many barriers in E-Learning methodology for successful teaching-learning. Study on such barriers will help to overcome the difficulties to the success of E-Learning. Present research paper attempts to study the various barriers that are affecting the successful implementation of E-Learning in Saudi Arabian Universities. This study reviews various barriers from literatures and identified most important E-Learning barriers which are described and grouped in four dimensions such as Student, Instructor, Infrastructure and Technology, and Institutional Management. Sixteen barriers falling under these relevant dimensions were validated their importance quantitatively through university Students, Instructors, and E-Learning staffs of some well know universities in Saudi Arabia. A survey instrument was developed and tested on a sample of 257 respondents of Saudi Arabian Universities. It was found that Infrastructure and Technology Dimension is the most significant as perceived by respondents. Results of the study also reveal that, all barrier factors are highly reliable, therefore should be taken care for successful implementation of E-Learning systems

Analysis of thermal decomposition kinetics of chicken feather fiber reinforced Poly-lactic acid composites filament

Derivative Thermogravimetric analysis under air was used to observe the thermal decomposition process of Chicken feather fiber (CFF) reinforced Poly-lactic acid (PLA) composite filament of 2.2 mm diameter. The thermal degradation of the sample was initiated at 140 ֯C. Approximately 75 % of the thermal degradation occurred between the temperature of 357 ֯C and 399 ֯C. The composite's activation energy was established using the Coats-Redfern method. The results showed that the activation energy of 112.06 kJ/mol is utilized for the sample throughout the temperature range of 23 ֯C to 398 ֯C. A low activation energy is indicative of rapid chemical reactions between the CFF and PLA molecules. The results from TGA and DTGA indicate that the addition of CFF in the PLA matrix enhanced the thermal stability

Assimilating e-learning barriers using an interpretive structural modelling (ISM)

Nowadays, E-learning becomes a preferable medium for learning. Digital technology has made it more attractive and useful with additional user-friendly features. Basically, E-learning invloves massive infrastructure resources to operate. It also includes the effective combination of hardware and software along with the involvement of individuals to make the system successful for the students. Since the studnets and teachers have become agile using state-of-the-art communication technology in teaching learning process, they look for the efficient and smooth knowledge transfer. Many researchers have encountered the barriers for the successful implementations of E-Learning in the universities. There is little research that uncovers the interaction of E-Learning in the universities. There is little research that uncovers the interaction of E-Learning barriers. The present study aims to provide the interpretive structure modelling (ISM) and matrices d'impacts Croise's Multiplication Applique'e a' un Classement (MICMAC) based analysis to study such barriers of E-learning. A digraph representation ISM model has been established to help the stakeholders to understand the barriers to successful implementations of E-learning implementations of E-learning

Prioritizing barriers of e-learning for effective teaching-learning using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP)

E-learning has become well preferred and accepted tool in teaching-learning of higher education. This pattern of change is owing to the advancement in computer and teaching-learning methodology. The introduction of E-Learning provides the real-time flexibility of time and place. The success of E-learning depends upon many factors that must be controlled to accomplish effective E-learning outcome. Moreover, the E-learning teaching-learning process is also obstructed by several barriers. Stakeholders of E-learning must study and overcome these barriers for getting the benefit of the system. In the present research, MCDM based analytic hierarchy process in its fuzzy form has been applied to study the influence of barriers on the systems. Four main dimensions of E-Learning are selected for the study, which are, student, instructor, infrastructure, and Technology and institutional management. Twelve barriers under these dimensions are also selected to study their influences on each other. The twelve barriers of E-learning are quantified using FAHP method and prioritized in terms of control the barriers. The prioritization of such barriers will help the stakeholders to control the E-learning teaching-learning system

Analyzing Critical Success Factors for Sustainable Cloud-Based Mobile Learning (CBML) in Crisp and Fuzzy Environment

Mobile Learning (M-Learning), driven by technological digital advancement, is one of the essential formats of online learning, providing flexibility to learners. Cloud-based mobile learning (CBML) provides value additions by providing an economic alternative to E-learning. Revolutionary changes in smartphone design and features have enhanced the user experience, thus encouraging mobile learning. During the COVID-19 pandemic, E-Learning and M-Learning allowed continuing education to occur. These methods continue to offer more opportunities to learners than constrained face-to-face classroom learning. There are many main critical success factors (CSFs) and subfactors that play an influential role in sustainable M-Learning success. The current study focuses on the assessment and ranking of various main factors and subfactors of CBML. Analytic hierarchy process-group decision-making (AHP-GDM)- and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)-based methodologies were used to evaluate and model the main factors and subfactors of CBML in crisp and fuzzy environments. Higher education institutes must strive to address these main factors and subfactors if they are to fulfill their vision and mission in the teaching–learning system while adopting sustainable M-Learning