Short-Range Order in Fe-Rich Fe-Cr Alloys as Revealed by M\"ossbauer Spectroscopy

Distribution of Cr atoms in Fe_{100-x}Cr_x alloys with x \le 25 within the first two coordination shells, 1NN-2NN, around probe 57Fe atoms was studied by means of the M\"ossbauer Spectroscopy. Clear evidence was found that the distribution is characteristic of a given atomic configuration. Only the configurations with Cr atoms situated in 2NN exhibit a quiasi-random distribution, while those with Cr atoms present in 1NN shell and those with Cr atoms in both shells is evidently not random showing clastering or anticlastering features. These findings are novel and much more complete than the up-to-date knowledge according to which there is an inversion of the short-range order parameter at x = 11. The inversion in the present study was found only for the configuration with one Cr atom in 1NN. On average, Cr atoms are distributed almost randomly within the 1NN-2NN volume for x \eq ~10, and do cluster for larger x.Comment: 4 pages and 4 figure

The development of student entrepreneurship in Russia and foreign countries

Examines attitudes of Russian students towards entrepreneurship. Summarizes the results of sociological researches of students opinions about the development of entrepreneurship among the youth. Presents the experience of foreign countries in support of student entrepreneurship at the University.Рассматривается отношение российских студентов к предпринимательству. Обощены результаты социологических исследований мнений студенческой молодежи о развитии предпринимательства в молодежной среде. Представлен опыт зарубежных стран по поддержке студенческого предпринимательства в вузе

Generating Abstractive Summaries from Meeting Transcripts

Summaries of meetings are very important as they convey the essential content of discussions in a concise form. Generally, it is time consuming to read and understand the whole documents. Therefore, summaries play an important role as the readers are interested in only the important context of discussions. In this work, we address the task of meeting document summarization. Automatic summarization systems on meeting conversations developed so far have been primarily extractive, resulting in unacceptable summaries that are hard to read. The extracted utterances contain disfluencies that affect the quality of the extractive summaries. To make summaries much more readable, we propose an approach to generating abstractive summaries by fusing important content from several utterances. We first separate meeting transcripts into various topic segments, and then identify the important utterances in each segment using a supervised learning approach. The important utterances are then combined together to generate a one-sentence summary. In the text generation step, the dependency parses of the utterances in each segment are combined together to create a directed graph. The most informative and well-formed sub-graph obtained by integer linear programming (ILP) is selected to generate a one-sentence summary for each topic segment. The ILP formulation reduces disfluencies by leveraging grammatical relations that are more prominent in non-conversational style of text, and therefore generates summaries that is comparable to human-written abstractive summaries. Experimental results show that our method can generate more informative summaries than the baselines. In addition, readability assessments by human judges as well as log-likelihood estimates obtained from the dependency parser show that our generated summaries are significantly readable and well-formed.Comment: 10 pages, Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering, DocEng' 201

Получение низкозастывающего дизельного топлива для надёжной работы техники в районах Крайнего Севера и Арктики

In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) there are many winter roads for transportation of food and essential goods. As a rule, vehicles are running on a diesel fuel on such roads. Despite the difficulties in operating diesel vehicles under extremely low temperatures, diesel vehicles are much more powerful and economical than gasoline ones. Problems with start and operation of a diesel engine are associated with low-temperature properties of diesel fuel. The process involved in refining oil to create a winter class diesel fuel is expensive and complex because paraffinic hydrocarbons must be removed.Therefore, today it is important to produce winter classes of diesel fuel by compounding a pour point depressant and a summer class of fuel. When using additives, problems arise with the choice of their concentration. Those limits that the manufacturer recommends in real life show a negative result.There is no wide range of those additives in Yakutia so the authors chose for experiments Dewaxol additives that diminish sedimentation during fuel transportation. So, during the study of the impact of Dewaxol additive, that contained amides and imides of mono- and dicarboxylic acids on the diesel fuel, it was considered how, at various concentrations of the additive and the heating temperature of fuel, the cloud point decreases, and sedimentation stability improves. The least squares method has allowed describing optimal concentration of pour point depressant. The study resulted in the conclusion that the fuel with a high content of depressant-dispersant additive has the best sedimentation stability.В Республике Саха (Якутия) функционирует множество автозимников для перевозки продовольствия и товаров первой необходимости. Как правило, по таким дорогам ездят автомобили, работающие на дизельном двигателе. Несмотря на трудности в эксплуатации дизельной техники при экстремально низких температурах, дизельная техника намного мощнее и экономичнее бензиновой. Проблемы с запуском и работой дизельного двигателя связаны с низкотемпературными свойствами дизельного топлива. Процесс переработки нефти для создания зимнего сорта дизельного топлива сопровождается большими затратами и сложной технологией, потому что необходимо удалить парафиновые углеводороды.Поэтому сегодня актуально производство зимних сортов дизельного топлива путём компаундирования депрессорной присадки и летнего сорта топлива. При использовании присадок возникают проблемы с выбором их концентрации. Те пределы, которые рекомендует производитель, в реальной жизни показывают отрицательный результат.В Якутии отсутствует широкий спектр таких присадок, поэтому авторы остановили свой выбор для проведения экспериментов присадках Dewaxol, которые уменьшают отложения при перевозке топлива. В ходе изучения воздействия присадки Dewaxol, в составе которой были амиды и имиды моно- и дикарбоновых кислот, на дизельное топливо было рассмотрено, как при различных концентрациях присадки и температуре нагрева топлива снижается температура помутнения и улучшается седиментационная устойчивость. Метод наименьших квадратов позволил описать оптимальную концентрацию депрессорной присадки. В результате исследования выяснилось, что наилучшей седиментационной устойчивостью обладает топливо с высоким содержанием депрессорно-диспергирующей присадки

Limit theorems for von Mises statistics of a measure preserving transformation

For a measure preserving transformation $T$ of a probability space $(X,\mathcal F,\mu)$ we investigate almost sure and distributional convergence of random variables of the form $$x \to \frac{1}{C_n} \sum_{i_1<n,...,i_d<n} f(T^{i_1}x,...,T^{i_d}x),\, n=1,2,...,$$ where $f$ (called the \emph{kernel}) is a function from $X^d$ to $\R$ and $C_1, C_2,...$ are appropriate normalizing constants. We observe that the above random variables are well defined and belong to $L_r(\mu)$ provided that the kernel is chosen from the projective tensor product $$L_p(X_1,\mathcal F_1, \mu_1) \otimes_{\pi}...\otimes_{\pi} L_p(X_d,\mathcal F_d, \mu_d)\subset L_p(\mu^d)$$ with $p=d\,r,\, r\ \in [1, \infty).$ We establish a form of the individual ergodic theorem for such sequences. Next, we give a martingale approximation argument to derive a central limit theorem in the non-degenerate case (in the sense of the classical Hoeffding's decomposition). Furthermore, for $d=2$ and a wide class of canonical kernels $f$ we also show that the convergence holds in distribution towards a quadratic form $\sum_{m=1}^{\infty} \lambda_m\eta^2_m$ in independent standard Gaussian variables $\eta_1, \eta_2,...$. Our results on the distributional convergence use a $T$--\,invariant filtration as a prerequisite and are derived from uni- and multivariate martingale approximations

Psychological support of young sportsmen in powerlifting and weightlifting

The article is a research into psychological and pedagogic support of sportsmen aged 18–25 years old, with taking into account the gender factor, at the stages of training with the strength exercises. It states methods of psychical reserves mobilization of different psychophysical types of sportsmen, aimed at training process efficiency increase in order to reach high results during competitions.Introduction. The article is based at the methodic of classical development of sportsmen’s strength abilities in powerlifting in composition with psychological methods of psychological and pedagogic support (PPS) for increasing of reliability and successfulness of pre-competition training. PPS is considered to be a combination of targets, media, methods and circumstances of planning, realization and control of the process of formation, activation and optimization of sportsmen’s psychological processes, at the stages of preparing for competitions and participating in them. Research target. Theoretical elaboration and experimental substantiation of the methodic of PPS training preparation for the competitions when going in for powerlifting and weightlifting.Materials and methods. The method of control test, pedagogic experiment (PE), fitness tests, anthropometrical methods, psychological development of personality methods, mathematical statistics methods. The research was being performed during five weeks (2020-02-01–2020-03-15). During the pedagogical experiment (PE), strength trainings were based at five-week cycle by B.I. Sheyko, which is equal to one pre-competition mesocycle. Sportsmen aged 18–25 years old formed two groups of 20 persons each: control group (CG) and experimental group (EG), divided [inside] by the gender factor. CG and EG were training with the classical powerlifting methodic, in EG it was supplemented with psychological processes optimization methods.The methodic of PPS preparation for a competition included: learning of goal-setting, forming of readiness for competitions, learning of coping, activation of motivation processes, increase of self-control and of psychoregulation of behavior and sport activity.Results. The authors elaborated five-week mesocycle (medium cycle) of training for powerlifters aged 18-25 years old. The forming impact of the complex of PPS methods in EG caused certain growth of strength results in EG at the end of PE: each of CG sportswomen lifted 142.5 kg in the sum of three-lift, CG sportsmen — 215 kg. In EG the result of sportswomen is 190 kg, the result of sportsmen is 250 kg. The growth, when comparing EG and CG, was 57.5 kg for sportswomen and 35 kg for sportsmen in favour of RG with PPS. Psychophysical types of young powerlifters, who need psychological and pedagogic support, were identified, recovery measures for psychological preparation were proposed.Conclusion. PPS in the complex with strength trainings caused certain growth of strength indexes of powerlifters aged 18–25 years old, with taking into account the gender factor. Strength indexes of girls progressed 1,8–2 times more significantly, than of men. When performing PPS, they wust take into account the gender specifics of powerlifters, attached to different impact of psychological preparation methods on boys and girls

Fast optical variability of SS 433

We study the optical variability of the peculiar Galactic source SS 433 using the observations made with the Russian Turkish 1.5-m telescope (RTT150). A simple technique which allows to obtain high-quality photometric measurements with 0.3-1 s time resolution using ordinary CCD is described in detail. Using the test observations of nonvariable stars, we show that the atmospheric turbulence introduces no significant distortions into the measured light curves. Therefore, the data obtained in this way are well suited for studying the aperiodic variability of various objects. The large amount of SS 433 optical light curve measurements obtained in this way allowed us to obtain the power spectra of its flux variability with a record sensitivity up to frequencies of ~0.5 Hz and to detect its break at frequency =~2.4e-3 Hz. We suggest that this break in the power spectrum results from the smoothing of the optical flux variability due to a finite size of the emitting region. Based on our measurement of the break frequency in the power spectrum, we estimated the size of the accretion-disk photosphere as 2e12 cm. We show that the amplitude of the variability in SS 433 decreases sharply during accretion-disk eclipses, but it does not disappear completely. This suggests that the size of the variable optical emission source is comparable to that of the normal star whose size is therefore R_O \approx 2e12 cm \approx 30 R_sun. The decrease in flux variability amplitude during eclipses suggests the presence of a nonvariable optical emission component with a magnitude m_R=~13.2.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy Letters. The original version in Russian is available at http://hea.iki.rssi.ru/rtt150/ru/ss433_pazh10/pss433_fast.pd