56 research outputs found
Extended Seiberg-Witten Theory and Integrable Hierarchy
The prepotential of the effective N=2 super-Yang-Mills theory perturbed in
the ultraviolet by the descendents of the single-trace chiral operators is
shown to be a particular tau-function of the quasiclassical Toda hierarchy. In
the case of noncommutative U(1) theory (or U(N) theory with 2N-2 fundamental
hypermultiplets at the appropriate locus of the moduli space of vacua) or a
theory on a single fractional D3 brane at the ADE singularity the hierarchy is
the dispersionless Toda chain. We present its explicit solutions. Our results
generalize the limit shape analysis of Logan-Schepp and Vershik-Kerov, support
the prior work hep-th/0302191 which established the equivalence of these N=2
theories with the topological A string on CP^1 and clarify the origin of the
Eguchi-Yang matrix integral. In the higher rank case we find an appropriate
variant of the quasiclassical tau-function, show how the Seiberg-Witten curve
is deformed by Toda flows, and fix the contact term ambiguity.Comment: 49 page
Instanton Calculus and Loop Operator in Supersymmetric Gauge Theory
We compute one-point function of the glueball loop operator in the maximally
confining phase of supersymmetric gauge theory using instanton calculus. In the
maximally confining phase the residual symmetry is the diagonal U(1) subgroup
and the localization formula implies that the chiral correlation functions are
the sum of the contributions from each fixed point labeled by the Young
diagram. The summation can be performed exactly by operator formalism of free
fermions, which also featured in the equivariant Gromov-Witten theory of P^1.
By taking the Laplace transformation of the glueball loop operator, we find an
exact agreement with the previous results for the generating function
(resolvent) of the glueball one-point functions.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, v2: references adde
Quantum Foam and Topological Strings
We find an interpretation of the recent connection found between topological
strings on Calabi-Yau threefolds and crystal melting: Summing over statistical
mechanical configuration of melting crystal is equivalent to a quantum
gravitational path integral involving fluctuations of Kahler geometry and
topology. We show how the limit shape of the melting crystal emerges as the
average geometry and topology of the quantum foam at the string scale. The
geometry is classical at large length scales, modified to a smooth limit shape
dictated by mirror geometry at string scale and is a quantum foam at area
scales g_s \alpha'.Comment: 55 page
Thermodynamic limit of random partitions and dispersionless Toda hierarchy
We study the thermodynamic limit of random partition models for the instanton
sum of 4D and 5D supersymmetric U(1) gauge theories deformed by some physical
observables. The physical observables correspond to external potentials in the
statistical model. The partition function is reformulated in terms of the
density function of Maya diagrams. The thermodynamic limit is governed by a
limit shape of Young diagrams associated with dominant terms in the partition
function. The limit shape is characterized by a variational problem, which is
further converted to a scalar-valued Riemann-Hilbert problem. This
Riemann-Hilbert problem is solved with the aid of a complex curve, which may be
thought of as the Seiberg-Witten curve of the deformed U(1) gauge theory. This
solution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem is identified with a special solution
of the dispersionless Toda hierarchy that satisfies a pair of generalized
string equations. The generalized string equations for the 5D gauge theory are
shown to be related to hidden symmetries of the statistical model. The
prepotential and the Seiberg-Witten differential are also considered.Comment: latex2e using amsmath,amssymb,amsthm packages, 55 pages, no figure;
(v2) typos correcte
Seiberg-Witten Theory and Extended Toda Hierarchy
The quasiclassical solution to the extended Toda chain hierarchy,
corresponding to the deformation of the simplest Seiberg-Witten theory by all
descendants of the dual topological string model, is constructed explicitly in
terms of the complex curve and generating differential. The first derivatives
of prepotential or quasiclassical tau-function over the extra times, extending
the Toda chain, are expressed through the multiple integrals of the
Seiberg-Witten one-form. We derive the corresponding quasiclassical Virasoro
constraints, discuss the functional formulation of the problem and propose
generalization of the extended Toda hierarchy to the nonabelian theory.Comment: 32 pages, LaTe
Phase transitions, double-scaling limit, and topological strings
Topological strings on Calabi--Yau manifolds are known to undergo phase
transitions at small distances. We study this issue in the case of perturbative
topological strings on local Calabi--Yau threefolds given by a bundle over a
two-sphere. This theory can be regarded as a q--deformation of Hurwitz theory,
and it has a conjectural nonperturbative description in terms of q--deformed 2d
Yang--Mills theory. We solve the planar model and find a phase transition at
small radius in the universality class of 2d gravity. We give strong evidence
that there is a double--scaled theory at the critical point whose all genus
free energy is governed by the Painlev\'e I equation. We compare the critical
behavior of the perturbative theory to the critical behavior of its
nonperturbative description, which belongs to the universality class of 2d
supergravity. We also give evidence for a new open/closed duality relating
these Calabi--Yau backgrounds to open strings with framing.Comment: 49 pages, 3 eps figures; section added on non-perturbative proposal
and 2d gravity; minor typos correcte
The Refined Topological Vertex
We define a refined topological vertex which depends in addition on a
parameter, which physically corresponds to extending the self-dual graviphoton
field strength to a more general configuration. Using this refined topological
vertex we compute, using geometric engineering, a two-parameter (equivariant)
instanton expansion of gauge theories which reproduce the results of Nekrasov.
The refined vertex is also expected to be related to Khovanov knot invariants.Comment: 70 Pages, 23 Figure
Instantons and the 5D U(1) gauge theory with extra adjoint
In this paper we compute the partition function of 5D supersymmetric U(1)
gauge theory with extra adjoint matter in general -background. It is
well known that such partition functions encode very rich topological
information. We show in particular that unlike the case with no extra matter,
the partition function with extra adjoint at some special values of the
parameters directly reproduces the generating function for the Poincare
polynomial of the moduli space of instantons. Comparing our results with those
recently obtained by Iqbal et. al., who used the refined topological vertex
method, we present our comments on apparent discrepancies.Comment: 9 page
Vertex Operators, Grassmannians, and Hilbert Schemes
We describe a well-known collection of vertex operators on the infinite wedge
representation as a limit of geometric correspondences on the equivariant
cohomology groups of a finite-dimensional approximation of the Sato
grassmannian, by cutoffs in high and low degrees. We prove that locality, the
boson-fermion correspondence, and intertwining relations with the Virasoro
algebra are limits of the localization expression for the composition of these
operators. We then show that these operators are, almost by definition, the
Hilbert scheme vertex operators defined by Okounkov and the author in \cite{CO}
when the surface is with the torus action .Comment: 20 pages, 0 figure
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