702 research outputs found
From Taub Numbers to the Bondi Mass
Taub numbers are studied on asymptotically flat backgrounds with Killing
symmetries. When the field equations are solved for a background spacetime and
higher order functional derivatives (higher order variational derivatives of
the Hilbert Lagrangean) are solved for perturbations from the background, such
perturbed space-times admit zeroth, first, and second order Taub numbers.
Zeroth order Taub numbers are Komar constants (upto numerical factors) or
Penrose-Goldberg constants of the background. For a Killing symmetry of the
background, first order Taub numbers give the contribution of the linearized
perturbation to the associated backgound quantity, such as the perturbing mass.
Second order Taub numbers give the contribution of second order perturbations
to the background quantity. The Bondi mass is a sum of first and second order
Taubs numbers on a Minkowski background.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 8th Marcel Grossmann Conferenc
Time fractional Schrodinger equation
The Schrodinger equation is considered with the first order time derivative
changed to a Caputo fractional derivative, the time fractional Schrodinger
equation. The resulting Hamiltonian is found to be non-Hermitian and non-local
in time. The resulting wave functions are thus not invariant under time
reversal. The time fractional Schrodinger equation is solved for a free
particle and for a potential well. Probability and the resulting energy levels
are found to increase over time to a limiting value depending on the order of
the time derivative. New identities for the Mittag-Leffler function are also
found and presented in an appendix.Comment: 23 page
Muslim Student Activism Americanizing Islam or Islamicizing America?
As 'Bosnia' awakened the dead among Muslims worldwide, new expressions of Muslim identity have emerged on college and university campuses in the US that stress the liberation of Islam from geographic determinism. Among Muslim student activists in California, this trend is often articulated in phrases such as 'there is no colour in Islam', or 'I consider myself Muslim first, Arab second.' Based on research among young Arab and Muslim Americans between 1996 and 2001,2 this essay traces a particular interplay between the 'local', the 'national', and the 'global' that gives rise to Muslim student activism in the San Francisco Bay Area of California
The role of antibiotics in the treatment of chronic prostatitis: A consensus statement
Practical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis are presented. Chronic prostatitis is classified as chronic bacterial prostatitis (culture-positive) and chronic inflammatory prostatitis (culture-negative). If chronic bacterial prostatitis is suspected, based on relevant symptoms or recurrent UTIs, underlying urological conditions should be excluded by the following tests: rectal examination, midstream urine culture and residual urine. The diagnosis should be confirmed by the Meares and Stamey technique. Antibiotic therapy is recommended for acute exacerbations of chronic prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic inflammatory prostatitis, if there is clinical, bacteriological or supporting immunological evidence of prostate infection. Unless a patient presents with fever, antibiotic treatment should not be initiated immediately except in cases of acute prostatitis or acute episodes in a patient with chronic bacterial prostatitis. The work-up, with the appropriate investigations should be done first, within a reasonable time period which, preferably, should not be longer than 1 week. During this period, nonspecific treatment, such as appropriate analgesia to relieve symptoms, should be given. The minimum duration of antibiotic treatment should be 2-4 weeks. If there is no improvement in symptoms, treatment should be stopped and reconsidered. However, if there is improvement, it should be continued for at least a further 2-4 weeks to achieve clinical cure and, hopefully, eradication of the causative pathogen. Antibiotic treatment should not be given for 6-8 weeks without an appraisal of its effectiveness. Currently used antibiotics are reviewed. Of these, the fluoroquinolones ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are recommended because of their favourable antibacterial spectrum and pharmacokinetic profile. A number of clinical trials are recommended and a standard study design is proposed to help resolve some outstanding issues
Controlling Stray Electric Fields on an Atom Chip for Rydberg Experiments
Experiments handling Rydberg atoms near surfaces must necessarily deal with
the high sensitivity of Rydberg atoms to (stray) electric fields that typically
emanate from adsorbates on the surface. We demonstrate a method to modify and
reduce the stray electric field by changing the adsorbates distribution. We use
one of the Rydberg excitation lasers to locally affect the adsorbed dipole
distribution. By adjusting the averaged exposure time we change the strength
(with the minimal value less than at
from the chip) and even the sign of the perpendicular field component. This
technique is a useful tool for experiments handling Ryberg atoms near surfaces,
including atom chips
Force-gradient-induced mechanical dissipation of quartz tuning fork force sensors used in atomic force microscopy
We have studied the dynamics of quartz tuning fork resonators used in atomic
force microscopy taking into account mechanical energy dissipation through the
attachment of the tuning fork base. We find that the tuning fork resonator
quality factor changes even for the case of a purely elastic sensor-sample
interaction. This is due to the effective mechanical imbalance of the tuning
fork prongs induced by the sensor-sample force gradient which in turn has an
impact on the dissipation through the attachment of the resonator base. This
effect may yield a measured dissipation signal that can be different to the one
exclusively related to the dissipation between the sensor and the sample. We
also find that there is a second order term in addition to the linear
relationship between the sensor-sample force gradient and the resonance
frequency shift of the tuning fork that is significant even for force gradients
usually present in atomic force microscopy which are in the range of tens of
N/m.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures and supplemental informatio
Wiring up pre-characterized single-photon emitters by laser lithography
Future quantum optical chips will likely be hybrid in nature and include many single-photon emitters, waveguides, filters, as well as single-photon detectors. Here, we introduce a scalable optical localization-selection-lithography procedure for wiring up a large number of single-photon emitters via polymeric photonic wire bonds in three dimensions. First, we localize and characterize nitrogen vacancies in nanodiamonds inside a solid photoresist exhibiting low background fluorescence. Next, without intermediate steps and using the same optical instrument, we perform aligned three-dimensional laser lithography. As a proof of concept, we design, fabricate, and characterize three-dimensional functional waveguide elements on an optical chip. Each element consists of one single-photon emitter centered in a crossed-arc waveguide configuration, allowing for integrated optical excitation and efficient background suppression at the same time
Low-Cost, Wireless Bioelectric Signal Acquisition and Classification Platform
Bioelectric signal classification is a flourishing area of biomedical research, however conducting this research in a clinical setting can be difficult to achieve. The lack of inexpensive acquisition hardware can limit researchers from collecting and working with real-time data. Furthermore, hardware requiring direct connection to a computer can impose restrictions on typically mobile clinical settings for data collection. Here, we present an open-source ADS1299-based bioelectric signal acquisition system with wireless capability suitable for mobile data collection in clinical settings. This system is based on the ADS_BP and BioPatRec, both open-source bioelectric signal acquisition hardware and MATLAB-based pattern recognition software, respectively. We provide 3D-printable housing enabling the hardware to be worn by users during experiments and demonstrate the suitability of this platform for real-time signal acquisition and classification. In conjunction, these developments provide a unified hardware-software platform for a cost of around 150 USD. This device can enable researchers and clinicians to record bioelectric signals from non-disabled or motor-impaired individuals in laboratory or clinical settings, and to perform offline or real-time intent classification for the control of robotic and virtual devices
Distributed Order Calculus and Equations of Ultraslow Diffusion
We consider diffusion type equations with a distributed order derivative in
the time variable. This derivative is defined as the integral in of
the Caputo-Dzhrbashian fractional derivative of order with a
certain positive weight function. Such equations are used in physical
literature for modeling diffusion with a logarithmic growth of the mean square
displacement. In this work we develop a mathematical theory of such equations,
study the derivatives and integrals of distributed order.Comment: 39 pages. To appear in J. Math. Anal. App
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