Influence of Nanomaterials on Biological Activity of Marine Pelagic Sediments (peloids)

Influence of nanomaterials (based on bentonitic clays and calcium carbonate) in pelagic sediments of the Black Sea on their biologic activity has been investigated. It was shown that chemical composition, preliminary thermal treatment and concentration of nanomaterials in composition with pelagic sediments have a great influence to their medical properties. Based on obtained data for complex influence of nanocomposites to organism (behaviour, nervimuscular irritability, reflexes, vegetative effects, functional condition of lever and kidneys) a conclusion of substantially increasing the biological activity of pelagic sediments with the properties of medicinal mud (peloid), under the influence of bentonite and calcium carbonate that contain nanoparticles. A method for testing the pelagic sea and ocean sediments with nanodispersed components to predict the prospects of their use as medicinal muds (peloids) has been suggested. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3495

Gender and age structure of mortality caused by COVID-19

Introduction: The policy of mortality decline of the population of Russia, pursued by the state, requires consideration of the regional peculiarities of mortality in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation by gender and age. The regional situation on male and female mortality also should be considered when developing the measures directed to prevent various diseases including infectious ones. In this regard, the studies of gender and age indicators of mortality during the periods of infectious pandemics become relevant.Objective: The analysis of gender and age rates of COVID-19 mortality in 2021 in order to substantiate the best management decisions in the sphere of the organization of medical care and statistical registration of lethal outcomes during the pandemic spread of dangerous viral infections.Material and methods: The main source of information on mortality in 2020 is data of the State Statistics of Mortality of Rosstat. The data on mortality in 2021 are presented in the records on death cases in Federal State Information System “Unified State Register of Registration of Acts of Current State”. To evaluate the obtained data, simple (unweighted) arithmetic mean values, specific indicators, a root mean square (standard) deviation of the mean values, coefficient of variation were used (a measure of the spread of attribute values – the ratio of a standard deviation to the arithmetic-mean).Results: In 2021 17.3% of total number of all deaths had COVID-19 as an initial cause of death. 248,134 cases of those were women (58.5%), 176,116 cases were men (41.5%). The mortality rate from COVID-19 increased by an average 1.7 times upon transition from one five-year-old age group to another, 85% of those who died from COVID-19 were aged 60 years and older. In 2021 the coronavirus infection of COVID-19 contributed significantly to female mortality more, than male mortality, which is inconsistent with the data on gender structure of COVID-19 mortality in other countries, as well as with the widespread belief that men are more vulnerable to this infection.Conclusions: Growth rates of COVID-19 mortality depending on age resembles the aging rate, reflecting the biological nature of mortality. Total excess mortality is the better basis for assessment of changes in the population health during pandemics, than mortality from COVID-19 alone. The organization of systematic checks of correctness of coding the causes of death at the state registration of death is necessary.Restrictions: Data of the Federal State Information System “Unified State Register of Registration of Acts of Current State” can differ from data of Rosstat which in 2022 became available to professional researchers later, than data of the Federal State Information System “Unified State Register of Registration of Acts of Current State”

Comparative evaluation of efficiency of burn wound healing with derma-based hydrogel: a preclinical experimental study

Background. Burn wound healing is recognized as a complex process involving synergetic interactions between different cells, cytokines and growth factors. The adverse interactions can underlie chronicization of the process. Accordingly, the paper presents a relevant study into mechanisms of natural wound dressings, capable of influencing the processes of inflammation, angiogenesis, and skin resurfacing.Objective. To carry out a comparative evaluation of efficiency of burn wound healing with derma-based hydrogel according to the dynamics of proand anti-inflammatory factors.Methods. Development of a hydrogel material involved dermis samples of Landrace breed of pig, subjected to partial alkaline hydrolysis. In order to carry out a comparative evaluation of burn wound healing efficiency, the authors simulated direct thermal injury in three groups of sphinx (hairless) rats: group 1 (control group) — rats without treatment (n = 20), group 2 (comparison group) — rats treated with Levomekol ointment (n = 20), and group 3 (experimental group) — rats treated with hydrogel material (n = 20). Before and after injuring on days 1, 3, 7, 14, the content of cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α by enzyme immunoassay. The wound samples were explanted for histological examination on days 3, 7 and 14 after the beginning of the experiment. Statistical processing of the obtained results on DNA content in hydrogel, cytokine content in serum and morphometric data was performed using GraphPadPrism 6.04, Microsoft Excel 2016 (Microsoft, USA).Results. When determining the content dynamics of nonspecific markers of inflammation, an increase in the concentrations of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α on day 1 after the hydrogel application was recorded, as well as an increase in interleukin-6 on days 3 and 7, while the concentrations of interleukin-8 did not change significantly throughout the experiment. Thus, dermal components are indicated to participate in the inhibition of acute-phase immune reactions. With regard to anti-inflammatory factors, the study revealed a decrease in the concentration of interleukin-10 on days 1 and 7, an increase in interleukin-4 on day 3 as compared to the control group, thereby indicating a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and prolonged action of the hydrogel.Conclusion. Comparative analysis of the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (interleukin-1β, interleukin-8) showed pronounced anti-inflammatory effects of the derma-based hydrogel material. Introduction of exogenous biological components of the extracellular matrix (collagen and its hydrolysates) had a significant influence on the regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines synthesis, presumably contributing to faster successful epithelization and wound healing

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ 1-ПИРЕНОЛА В МОЧЕ МЕТОДОМ ГАЗОВОЙ ХРОМАТОГРАФИИ С МАСС-СЕЛЕКТИВНЫМ ДЕТЕКТОРОМ

Urinary 1-pyrenol belongs to the biological markers of exposure to the polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Several methods for the determination of 1-pyrenol in urine necessarily include enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction from the biological sample, and derivatization with the silylating agent. Enzymatic hydrolysis and silylation take very long time: 16 hours and 40 minutes respectively. A shorter and more sensitive version of the determination of 1-pyrenol in urine by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection is proposed. Enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase is used for 1h to digest the conjugated form of 1-pyrenol (as glucuronide). After the enzymatic hydrolysis, the analyte is extracted from the biological matrix by hexane extraction, followed by evaporation of the extract to dry residue in an inert gas stream. The optimum conditions for liquid extraction are established by varying the ratio of salting out agent : extraction time : extraction ratio. The dry residue is re-dissolved and derivatized in the silylating reagent N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) into trimethylsilyl ether at room temperature for 5 minutes. The analysis of the trimethylsilyl extract is carried out by gas chromatography on HP-5MS capillary column with mass-selective detection. The analyte is identified by the retention time and the ratio of the main and confirming ions. The high-accuracy determination is ensured by using the internal standard 1-pyrenol-d9. The range of detectable concentrations of the method is from 0.1 to 100 μg/l. Repeatability and interlaboratory precision are 4.4% and 6.4% respectively. The systematic error turns out to be insignificant. The accuracy is 14%. The method is tested on the urine samples of workers with the main professions in the aluminum production industry.Key words: 1-pyrenol, urine, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, enzymatic hydrolysis, silylation(Russian)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.4.007 A.N. Alekseenko, O.M. Zhurba, A.V. MerinovFSBSI East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research12-a district, 3, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation1-пиренол в моче принадлежит к биологическим маркерам экспозиции полиароматических углеводородов. Ряд методик определения 1-пиренола в моче обязательно включает ферментативный гидролиз, извлечение из биопробы, дериватизацию силилирующим агентом. Ферментативный гидролиз и силилирование занимают весьма продолжительное время: 16 часов и 40 минут соответственно. Предлагается менее продолжительный и более чувствительный вариант определения 1-пиренола в моче методом газовой хроматографии с масс-селективным детектированием. Для расщепления коньюгированной формы 1-пиренола (в виде глюкуронида) применяли ферментативный гидролиз β-глюкуронидазой в течение 1 часа. После ферментативного гидролиза аналит извлекали из биологической матрицы экстракцией гексаном с дальнейшим упариванием экстракта до сухого остатка в токе инертного газа. Оптимальные условия жидкостной экстракции устанавливали путём вариации соотношения – высаливающий агент : время экстракции : кратность экстракции. Сухой остаток перерастворяли и дериватизировали в силилирующим реагенте N,O-бис(триметилсилил)трифторацетамиде (БСТФА) в триметилсилиловый эфир при комнатной температуре в течение 5 мин. Анализ триметилсилильного экстракта осуществляли методом газовой хроматографии на капиллярной колонке HP-5MS с масс-селективным детектированием. Идентификацию аналита проводили по времени удерживания и соотношению основного и подтверждающего ионов. Высокоточное определение обеспечивалось за счёт использования внутреннего стандарта 1-пиренол-d9. Диапазон определяемых концентраций методики от 0.1 до 100 мкг/л. Повторяемость и внтрилабораторная прецизионность составили 4.4 % и 6.4 % соответственно. Систематическая погрешность оказалась незначимой. Точность составила 15 %. Метод апробировали на образцах мочи работников алюминиевого производства разных профессий.Ключевые слова: 1-пиренол, моча, газовая хромато-масс-спектрометрия, ферментативный гидролиз, силилированиеDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.4.00