Two Reliable Methods for Solving the Modified Improved Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation

In this paper, the tanh-coth method and the extended (G\u27/G)-expansion method are used to construct exact solutions of the nonlinear Modified Improved Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (MIKP) equation. These methods transform nonlinear partial differential equation to ordinary differential equation and can be applied to nonintegrable equation as well as integrable ones. It has been shown that the two methods are direct, effective and can be used for many other nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics

Exact Solutions of the Generalized Benjamin Equation and (3 + 1)- Dimensional Gkp Equation by the Extended Tanh Method

In this paper, the extended tanh method is used to construct exact solutions of the generalized Benjamin and (3 + 1)-dimensional gKP equation. This method is shown to be an efficient method for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. It can be applied to nonintegrable equations as well as to integrable ones

Knowledge of Mothers in Management of Diarrhea in Under-Five Children, in Kashan, Iran

Background: Diarrhea has been considered as a major cause of mortality in children aged less than five years old. Most of these deaths are due to dehydration and mis management or delayed management of the disease. Most of the diarrhea episodes are treated in the home by mothers. Therefore the mothers’ knowledge in management of diarrhea is likely related to its mortality and morbidity. Objectives: This study designed to evaluate the knowledge of the mothers with children under five years old about diarrhea and its management and to identify the relation of the knowledge content with some demographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 430 mothers who had at least one child aged below five years old were selected by cluster sampling. The mothers were asked to complete the 22 items questionnaire designed to evaluate their knowledge of diarrhea. Some demographic characteristics such as age, number of children, education of the mother and her spouse and the source of knowledge also were recorded. Subsequently, the data analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: Most of the mothers were 25-30 years old (43.8%). Slightly more than half (55.6%) had just one child. The health center, educational programs and the personal reading were the main sources of the knowledge about the treatment (43.7%). Twenty eight point eight percent of the mothers had a good knowledge in diarrhea diagnosis and its treatment, while the 46.5% had medium and 24.7% suffered low knowledge. The knowledge of the mothers had significant relationship with the age of the mother, education of the father, number of children, occupation of the mother, and the source of the knowledge. Conclusions: The mothers studied in this research had inadequate knowledge about diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea. The educational programs must be an essential part of the health centers programs

The algebraic hyperstructure of elementary particles in physical theory

Algebraic hyperstructures represent a natural extension of classical algebraic structures. In a classical algebraic structure, the composition of two elements is an element, while in an algebraic hyperstructure, the composition of two elements is a set. Algebraic hyperstructure theory has a multiplicity of applications to other disciplines. The main purpose of this paper is to provide examples of hyperstructures associated with elementary particles in physical theory.Comment: 13 page

TREE CROWN DELINEATION ON VHR AERIAL IMAGERY WITH SVM CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE OPTIMIZED BY TAGUCHI METHOD: A CASE STUDY IN ZAGROS WOODLANDS

The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a theoretically superior machine learning methodology with great results in classification of remotely sensed datasets. Determination of optimal parameters applied in SVM is still vague to some scientists. In this research, it is suggested to use the Taguchi method to optimize these parameters. The objective of this study was to detect tree crowns on very high resolution (VHR) aerial imagery in Zagros woodlands by SVM optimized by Taguchi method. A 30 ha plot of Persian oak (Quercus persica) coppice trees was selected in Zagros woodlands, Iran. The VHR aerial imagery of the plot with 0.06 m spatial resolution was obtained from National Geographic Organization (NGO), Iran, to extract the crowns of Persian oak trees in this study. The SVM parameters were optimized by Taguchi method and thereafter, the imagery was classified by the SVM with optimal parameters. The results showed that the Taguchi method is a very useful approach to optimize the combination of parameters of SVM. It was also concluded that the SVM method could detect the tree crowns with a KHAT coefficient of 0.961 which showed a great agreement with the observed samples and overall accuracy of 97.7% that showed the accuracy of the final map. Finally, the authors suggest applying this method to optimize the parameters of classification techniques like SVM

Histidine substitution in the most flexible fragments of firefly luciferase modifies its thermal stability.

Molecular dynamics (MD) at two temperatures of 300 and 340 K identified two histidine residues, His461 and His489, in the most flexible regions of firefly luciferase, a light emitting enzyme. We therefore designed four protein mutants H461D, H489K, H489D and H489M to investigate their enzyme kinetic and thermodynamic stability changes. Substitution of His461 by aspartate (H461D) decreased ATP binding affinity, reduced the melting temperature of protein by around 25 degrees C and shifted its optimum temperature of activity to 10 degrees C. In line with the common feature of psychrophilic enzymes, the MD data showed that the overall flexibility of H461D was relatively high at low temperature, probably due to a decrease in the number of salt bridges around the mutation site. On the other hand, substitution of His489 by aspartate (H489D) introduced a new salt bridge between the C-terminal and N-terminal domains and increased protein rigidity but only slightly improved its thermal stability. Similar changes were observed for H489K and, to a lesser degree, H489M mutations. Based on our results we conclude that the MD simulation-based rational substitution of histidines by salt-bridge forming residues can modulate conformational dynamics in luciferase and shift its optimal temperature activity

Nutritional value of raw soybeans, extruded soybeans, roasted soybeans and tallow as fat sources in early lactating dairy cows

Thirty multiparous Holstein cows (29.8 ± 4.01days in milk; 671.6 ± 31.47 kg of body weight) were used in a completely randomized design to compare nutritional value of four fat sources including tallow, raw soybeans, extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans for 8 weeks. Experimental diets were a control containing 27.4 % alfalfa silage, 22.5% corn silage, and 50.1% concentrate, and four diets with either tallow, raw soybean, extruded soybean, or roasted soybean added to provide 1.93% supplemental fat. Dry matter and NEL intakes were similar among treatments, while cows fed fat diets had significantly (P<0.05) high NEL intakes when compared to control with no fat. Supplemental fat, whether tallow or full fat soybeans increased milk production (1.89-2.45 kg/d; P<0.01) and FCM production (1.05-2.79; P<0.01). Milk fat yield and percentage of cows fed fat-supplemented diets were significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively) higher than control. Between fat-supplemented diets, roasted soybean caused highest milk fat yield and extruded soybean caused lowest milk fat yield. There was no significant effect of supplemental fat on the milk protein and lactose content and yield. Feed efficiency of fat-supplemented diets was significantly (P<0.01) higher than control. Body weight, body weight change and BCS (body condition score) of cows, as well as energy balance and energy efficiency were similar between treatments. In conclusion, while there was no significant effect of fat sources on production response of cows, fat originating from heat-treated soybean help to minimize imported RUP (rumen undegradable protein) sources level as fish meal in comparison with tallow and raw soybean oil. In the Current study, there was no statistical significance among nutritional values of oil from extruded soybeans and roasted soybeans

Replacement of salamon with shotor diluent and egg yolk with low density lipoprotein for chilled storage of ram semen

Summary The present study investigated the possibility of replacing salamon with modified shotor diluent (MSD) and egg yolk (EY) with low density lipoprotein (LDL) for chilled storage of ram semen. Good quality semen (&gt;80% progressive forward motility (PFM) of sperm) from 3 fertile rams was collected using an artificial vagina and pooled for each experiment. Low density lipoprotein was extracted from fresh EY. In experiment 1, semen was divided into 2 fractions and extended in MSD or salamon. In experiment 2, semen was assigned into 5 fractions and extended in MSD supplemented with 12 and 15% EY or 3, 5 and 8% LDL. In experiment 3, semen was divided into 2 fractions and extended in MSD supplemented with 12% EY or 5% LDL. Viability of sperm was assessed at times 0 (immediately after semen dilution), 2 or 4 (at 4°C) and up to 72 h after semen dilution. Data was analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) procedure, including repeated measures. In experiment 1, the viability of sperm was similar in two diluents (P&gt;0.05). In experiment 2, PFM of sperm was similar among groups at the time of dilution (P&gt;0.05); but remained elevated in 5 and 8% LDL compared to other groups afterward (P&lt;0.05). In experiment 3, PFM of sperm was superior at 48 and 72 h after dilution in 5% LDL compared to 12% EY (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, MSD supplemented with 5% LDL is a suitable diluent for ram fresh semen preserved at 4°C for 72 h