Cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: A diagnostic dilemma

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung is an uncommon anomaly that arises from excessive disorganised proliferation of tubular bronchial structures excluding the alveoli. These are believed to represent focal pulmonary dysplasia because skeletal muscle may be identified from within the cyst wall. This report describes a case of an infant operated for presumed diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Diaphragm was found to be normal and further investigations revealed cystic mass in the lower lobe of the left lung. Thoracotomy was done to resect the lesion that revealed a type II CCAM on histopathological examination. The case stresses the need for better clinical examination and advanced radiological investigations in doubtful cases

High Responsivity and Photovoltaic Effect Based on Vertical Transport in Multilayer α-In2Se3

Herein, device demonstration based on vertical transport in multilayer α-In2Se3 is reported. Photodetectors realized using a metal/α-In2Se3/indium tin oxide (ITO) vertical junction exhibit clear signature of the band edge in spectral responsivity. The wavelength at 680 nm corresponding to an ultrahigh responsivity of 1000 A W�1 and a detectivity of >1013 cm Hz0.5 W�1 at a bias of 0.5 V. The variation of responsivity and detectivity with optical power density is studied, and a transient response of 20 ms is obtained for the devices (instrument limitation). In addition, an asymmetric barrier height arising out of ITO and Au contacts to a vertical α-In2Se3 junction resulted in a photovoltaic effect with VOC �0.1 V and ISC �0.4 μA under an illumination of 520 nm

In2Se3 Visible/Near-IR Photodetector With Observation of Band-Edge in Spectral Response

We report on the demonstration of visible/near-IR high-performance photodetector based on exfoliated beta-Indium selenide (In2Se3) on sapphire with a clear signature of band edge in spectral responsivity at a wavelength of similar to 850-900 nm. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements also indicated a peak at similar to 900 nm confirming the band-edge. Devices with inter-digitated metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) geometry exhibited a responsivity of 3.8 A/W (normalized to device area). A low dark current of 0.80 nA and a photo to dark current ratio of similar to 52 were measured when illuminated with 650 nm A specific detectivity of 1 x 10(10) cm Hz(0.5) W-1 at 650 nm and 6 x 10(8) cm Hz(0.5) W-1 at the band-edge of 900 nm were estimated. These results indicate the promise of beta-(In2Se3) for visible/near-IR detector applications

Labor Induction Outcomes with Outpatient Misoprostol for Cervical Ripening among Low-Risk Women

OBJECTIVE: In 2012, two Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) hospitals began offering outpatient cervical ripening with oral misoprostol under a study protocol. We evaluated inpatient time from admission to delivery and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with outpatient use of misoprostol for cervical ripening among low-risk women with term pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing three groups: women who received misoprostol (1) outpatient, under a study protocol; (2) inpatient, at the study sites; and (3) inpatient, at all KPNC hospitals. Data were obtained from between 2012 and 2017. The primary outcome was time from inpatient admission to delivery. Secondarily, we evaluated maternal and neonatal outcomes, including the duration and maximum rate of oxytocin administered, rate of cesarean delivery, incidence of chorioamnionitis and blood transfusion, Apgar scores, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of the outpatient group were compared with both inpatient misoprostol groups using the appropriate statistical test. Variables included in the regression analysis were either statistically significant in the bivariate analyses or have been reported in the literature to be potential confounders: maternal age at admission, race/ethnicity, body mass index, cervical dilation at initial misoprostol, and parity. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 10,253 patients: (1) 345 outpatients, under a study protocol; (2) 1,374 inpatients, at the study sites; and (3) 9,908 inpatients, at all the Kaiser hospitals. Women in the outpatient group were more likely to be white than both inpatient groups (63.3 vs. 56.3% at study sites and 47.1% in all hospitals,  0.002 and \u3c0.001, respectively); other demographics were clinically comparable. Most women undergoing labor induction were nulliparous; however, a greater proportion in the outpatient group were nulliparous compared with inpatient groups (70.8 vs. 61.8% and 64.3%,  = 0.002 and 0.01). On inpatient admission for delivery, women who received outpatient misoprostol were more likely to have a cervical dilation of ≥3 cm (39.8 vs. 12.5% at study sites and 9.7% at all KPNC hospitals,  \u3c 0.001 for both). The outpatient group had a shorter mean time between admission and delivery (23.6 vs. 29.4 at study sites and 29.8 hours at all KPNC,  \u3c 0.001 for both). The adjusted estimated mean difference between the outpatient and inpatient group at all the Kaiser hospitals in time from admission to delivery was -6.48 hours ( \u3c 0.001), and the adjusted estimated mean difference in cervical dilation on admission was +1.02 cm ( \u3c 0.001). There was no difference in cesarean delivery rates between groups. The rate of chorioamnionitis in the outpatient group was higher compared with inpatients at all hospitals (17.7 vs. 10.6%,  0001), but similar when compared with the inpatients at the study sites (17.7 vs. 15.4%,  = 0.29). CONCLUSION: Outpatient use of misoprostol for cervical ripening under the study protocol was associated with reduced inpatient time from admission to delivery compared with inpatient misoprostol. Although there was a higher rate of chorioamnionitis among outpatients under the study protocol compared with inpatients at all hospitals, there was no difference when compared with inpatients at the study sites. There was no difference in rates of cesarean delivery or maternal or neonatal complications with outpatient misoprostol. KEY POINTS: · Outpatient misoprostol patients had 6.46 fewer hours from admission to delivery compared with inpatients at all hospitals.. · There was no difference in the rate of cesareans between the outpatient versus inpatient misoprostol groups.. · Other maternal and neonatal complications were low and comparable among outpatients and inpatients who received misoprostol; this study was not large enough to assess rare safety outcomes.

Gain mechanism and carrier transport in high responsivity AlGaN-based solar blind metal semiconductor metal photodetectors

We report on the highest responsivity for III-nitride Metal Semiconductor Metal solar-blind photodetectors on sapphire. Devices on unintentionally doped AlGaN epilayers grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition exhibited sharp absorption cut-off in the range of 245-290 nm. Very high responsivity >5 A/W at 10V bias was achieved with visible rejection exceeding three orders of magnitude for front illumination. Compared to the responsivity values reported in the literature for state-of-the-art solar-blind photodetectors, this work presents the highest values of responsivity at a given bias and up to sub-250 nm detection threshold. The high responsivity is attributed to an internal gain mechanism operating on these devices. The reverse-bias leakage current across these samples was found to be dominated by thermionic field emission at low biases and Poole-Frenkel emission from a deep trap level (0.7 eV from the conduction band-edge for Al0.50Ga0.50N) at high biases. Published by AIP Publishing