Повышение гражданского участия в общественном контроле на муниципальном уровне

The subject of the research is public control, which is considered to be a modern instrument of citizens' participation in the cases of local self-government. It significantly complements the basic mechanisms of direct democracy at the municipal level, providing the population with the opportunity to evaluate the activities of local authorities.The purpose of the study is to consider public control from the perspective of its implementation at the municipal level. The key task is to find and justify additional subjects close to this level, revealing new opportunities for a more active response of residents to the short-comings of the local authorities. The most important in this series is the definition of citizens’ role and the public structures they create in the implementation of public control. Another significant task is to develop recommendations for improving the legal regulation of public control at the municipal level.The methodology. The solution of the set tasks is supposed to be carried out using a number of cognition methods with the analysis as the leading one. It has become determinant in the study of scientific sources and the empirical base. The doctrinal method was used to study the opinions of legal scholars on the issue under discussion. Working with legislation regulating public control was based on a formal and logical method. To formulate the research conclusions the authors used general scientific methods of synthesis and analogy, as well as general-to-specific method.The main results. The analysis showed that the public chambers (councils) of municipalities created by local governments to exercise public control are to a certain extent dependent on these bodies. We focused on more independent segments of the local community that are not included in the law, but show examples of social activity. The resource of society increases many times if three new subjects at the municipal level are given legislative access to public control: citizens, local public associations, and organized groups of citizens – territorial public self-governments that successfully operate in the local territories of municipalities. Conclusions. The recommendations presented in the study are the basis for improving domestic legislation on public control and local self-government. Filling in the legislative gaps should have a positive impact on law enforcement practice. The practical nature of the received conclusions and proposals is that they open up new opportunities for the representatives of the local community: (a) to protect their rights and legitimate interests with the help of the tools of public control; (b) to promptly correct mistakes and miscalculations of local authorities. The authors are convinced that the development of democracy on the scale of such a huge state as the Russian Federation should start with a small entity — its entrance hall, street, neighborhood, settlement, and city.Один из новых демократических институтов России – общественный контроль – рассматривается с позиций его реализации на муниципальном уровне. Анализируется законодательно закрепленный перечень субъектов, уполномоченных осуществлять контрольные мероприятия. Установлено, что унифицированный субъектный состав, замыкающийся в основном на общественных палатах (советах), не учитывает специфику местного самоуправления. С целью активизации гражданского участия в контроле и оценке деятельности власти на муниципальном уровне рассматривается незадействованный ресурс местного сообщества, отдельные сегменты которого и сейчас показывают примеры общественной активности. На этой основе вносятся предложения о законодательном расширении перечня потенциальных субъектов общественного контроля

Excess of high-zz galaxies as a test for bumpy power spectrum of density perturbations

Modified matter power spectra with approximately Gaussian bump on sub-Mpc scales can be a result of a complex inflation. We consider five spectra with different Gaussian amplitudes $A$ and locations $k_0$ and run N-body simulations in a cube $(5 Mpc/h)^3$ at $z>8$ to reveal the halo mass functions and their evolution with redshift. We have found that the Sheth-Tormen formula provides a good approximation to a such kind of halo mass functions. In the considered models the dark matter halo formation starts much more earlier than in $\Lambda$CDM, which in turn can result in an earlier star formation and a nuclear activity in galaxies and can be detected and tested by, e.g., JWST. At $z=0$ the halo mass functions are hardly distinguishable from the standard $\Lambda$CDM, therefore the models with the bumpy spectra can be identified in observations by their excess in number of bright sources at high redshift only.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRA

Effect of small scale density perturbations on the formation of dark matter halo profiles

With help of a set of toy N-body models of dark halo formation we study the impact of small scale initial perturbations on the inner density profiles of haloes. We find a significant flattening of the inner slope $\alpha={d \log \rho \over d \log r}$ to $\alpha=-0.5$ in some range of scales and amplitudes of the perturbations (while in the case of absence of these perturbations the NFW profile with $\alpha=-1$ is reproduced). This effect may be responsible for the formation of cuspless galactic haloes.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter

Quantum field theory and time machines

We analyze the "F-locality condition" (proposed by Kay to be a mathematical implementation of a philosophical bias related to the equivalence principle, we call it the "GH-equivalence principle"), which is often used to build a generalization of quantum field theory to non-globally hyperbolic spacetimes. In particular we argue that the theorem proved by Kay, Radzikowski, and Wald to the effect that time machines with compactly generated Cauchy horizons are incompatible with the F-locality condition actually does not support the "chronology protection conjecture", but rather testifies that the F-locality condition must be modified or abandoned. We also show that this condition imposes a severe restriction on the geometry of the world (it is just this restriction that comes into conflict with the existence of a time machine), which does not follow from the above mentioned philosophical bias. So, one need not sacrifice the GH-equivalence principle to "emend" the F-locality condition. As an example we consider a particular modification, the "MF-locality condition". The theory obtained by replacing the F-locality condition with the MF-locality condition possesses a few attractive features. One of them is that it is consistent with both locality and the existence of time machines.Comment: Revtex, 14 pages, 1 .ps figure. To appear in Phys. Rev. D More detailed discussion is given on the MF-locality condition. Minor corrections in terminolog

Lambda-inflation and CMB anisotropy

We explore a broad class of three-parameter inflationary models, called the $\Lambda$-inflation, and its observational predictions: high abundance of cosmic gravitational waves consistent with the Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum of primordial cosmological perturbations, the non-power-law wing-like spectrum of matter density perturbations, high efficiency of these models to meet current observational tests, and others. We show that a parity contribution of the gravitational waves and adiabatic density perturbations into the large-scale temperature anisotropy, T/S $\sim 1$, is a common feature of $\Lambda$-inflation; the maximum values of T/S (basically not larger than 10) are reached in models where (i) the local spectrum shape of density perturbations is flat or slightly red ($n_S{}_\sim^< 1$), and (ii) the residual potential energy of the inflaton is near the GUT scale ($V_0^{{1/4}} \sim 10^{16} GeV$). The conditions to find large T/S in the paradigm of cosmic inflation and the relationship of T/S to the ratio of the power spectra, $r$, and to the inflationary $\gamma$ and Hubble parameters, are discussed. We argue that a simple estimate, T/S$\simeq 3r\simeq 12\gamma \simeq (\frac{H}{6\times 10^{13}{\rm GeV}})^2$, is true for most known inflationary solutions and allows to relate straightforwardly the important parameters of observational and physical cosmology.Comment: 29 pages, 3 figures include