Radiation Hardness and Linearity Studies of CVD Diamonds

We report on the behavior of CVD diamonds under intense electromagnetic radiation and on the response of the detector to high density of deposited energy. Diamonds have been found to remain unaffected after doses of 10 MGy of MeV-range photons and the diamond response to energy depositions of up to 250 GeV/cm^3 has been found to be linear to better than 2 %. These observations make diamond an attractive detector material for a calorimeter in the very forward region of the detector proposed for TESLA.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures; Proceeding for the topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors Siena, 21-24 October 2002; to appear in Nucl.Phys. B (Proceedings Supplement

Effects of Hunter Movement and Habitat Use on Observation Rate of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)

Hunting by humans is the primary tool for population control for many ungulate species across the United States, including white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Previous research has focused primarily on the effects of hunting on prey behavior while neglecting the potential effects hunter behavior has on the probability of harvest success. I examined the influence of hunter movement and habitat use across the landscape on observation rate of white-tailed deer. During the 2008 and 2009 Oklahoma hunting seasons, we recorded GPS and observation data of 83 individual hunters over 487 total hunts. Hunters that moved non-linearly through forested cover at a moderate pace had an increased probability of observing deer. Because deer have been shown to increase use of forested cover and decrease movement during the hunting season, hunters that overlapped habitat use and moved more regularly were more likely to observe deer. Possessing information on what hunter behaviors lead to greater harvest success in an area can be a powerful educational tool for agencies to recruit and retain new hunters, thereby maintaining hunting as a viable management option

Effect of nicotine and muscle performance using a Wingate Anaerobic Test on collegiate football players

Nicotine is a naturally occurring addictive alkaloid and in some cases, a lethal drug. The long-term harmful effects of nicotine have been widely documented through means of publications, commercials and even billboards to stop the use of nicotine in the form of tobacco. Even with the knowledge of these harmful side effects, thousands of athletes still use tobacco. In this study the use of nicotinic substances was tested during Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnT) on collegiate football athletes. These tests had three possible outcomes: ergogenic, ergolytic or no effect. The subjects were 12 University of Wisconsin – Whitewater football players between the ages of 19 - 23. They performed a series of two tests on a Monarch cycle ergometer for 30 seconds at a time on two separate days. One day post-nicotine gum administration; the other day post-placebo gum administration. The data received was considered significant with a p-value < .05. This experiment showed nicotine’s effect on: peak anaerobic power (P = .34), anaerobic capacity (P = .92), and anaerobic fatigue percentage (P = .33) in the human body during a WAnT. Therefore, the data received from this experiment were concluded not to be statistically significant

Two-qubit Quantum Logic Gate in Molecular Magnets

We proposed a scheme to realize a controlled-NOT quantum logic gate in a dimer of exchange coupled single-molecule magnets, $[\textrm{Mn}_4]_2$. We chosen the ground state and the three low-lying excited states of a dimer in a finite longitudinal magnetic field as the quantum computing bases and introduced a pulsed transverse magnetic field with a special frequency. The pulsed transverse magnetic field induces the transitions between the quantum computing bases so as to realize a controlled-NOT quantum logic gate. The transition rates between the quantum computing bases and between the quantum computing bases and other excited states are evaluated and analyzed.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Limited Self-control, Obesity, and the Loss of Happiness

Is obesity the consequence of an optimally chosen lifestyle or do people consume too much relative to their long-term preferences? The latter perspective accepts that people might face self-control problems when exposed to the immediate gratification from food. We exploit unique survey data for Switzerland in multinomial logit and ordered probit regressions to study (i) the covariates of obesity including indicators of self-control and (ii) the consequences of obesity on the subjective well-being of people with limited willpower. Our main finding is that obesity decreases the well-being of individuals who report having limited self-control, but not otherwise. © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd

Representative bureaucracy: does female police leadership affect gender-based violence arrests?

Representative bureaucracy theory postulates that passive representation leads to active representation of minority groups. This article investigates the passive representation of female police officers at leadership levels and the active representation of women vis-a-vis gender-based violence arrest rates in the UK. Much of the extant research on representative bureaucracy is located at street level, with evidence showing that discretionary power of minority bureaucrats can lead to active representation. This article is focused on leadership levels of a public bureaucracy. The empirical research is based upon a panel dataset of female police officers as an independent variable and gender-based violence arrest rates as a dependent variable. The analysis reveals that there is little evidence of active representation of women by female police leadership

Independent ferroelectric contributions and rare-earth-induced polarization reversal in multiferroic TbMn2O5

Three independent contributions to the magnetically induced spontaneous polarization of multiferroic TbMn2O5 are uniquely separated by optical second harmonic generation and an analysis in terms of Landau theory. Two of them are related to the magnetic Mn3+/4+ order and are independent of applied fields of up to 7 T. The third contribution is related to the long-range antiferromagnetic Tb3+ order. It shows a drastic decrease upon the application of a magnetic field and mediates the change of sign of the spontaneous electric polarization in TbMn2O5. The close relationship between the rare-earth long-range order and the non-linear optical properties points to isotropic Tb-Tb exchange and oxygen spin polarization as mechanism for this rare-earth induced ferroelectricity.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure