422 research outputs found
Observational signatures of past mass-exchange episodes in massive binaries: The case of LSS 3074
The role of mass and momentum exchanges in close massive binaries is very
important in the subsequent evolution of the components. Such exchanges produce
several observational signatures such as asynchronous rotation and altered
chemical compositions, that remain after the stars detach again. We
investigated these effects for the close O-star binary LSS 3074 (O4 f + O6-7
:(f):), which is a good candidate for a past Roche lobe overflow (RLOF) episode
because of its very short orbital period, P = 2.185 days, and the luminosity
classes of both components. We determined a new orbital solution for the
system. We studied the photometric light curves to determine the inclination of
the orbit and Roche lobe filling factors of both stars. Using phase-resolved
spectroscopy, we performed the disentangling of the optical spectra of the two
stars. We then analysed the reconstructed primary and secondary spectra with
the CMFGEN model atmosphere code to determine stellar parameters, such as the
effective temperatures and surface gravities, and to constrain the chemical
composition of the components. We confirm the apparent low stellar masses and
radii reported in previous studies. We also find a strong overabundance in
nitrogen and a strong carbon and oxygen depletion in both primary and secondary
atmospheres, together with a strong enrichment in helium of the primary star.
We propose several possible evolutionary pathways through a RLOF process to
explain the current parameters of the system. We confirm that the system is
apparently in overcontact configuration and has lost a significant portion of
its mass to its surroundings. We suggest that some of the discrepancies between
the spectroscopic and photometric properties of LSS 3074 could stem from the
impact of a strong radiation pressure of the primary
The mass of the very massive binary WR21a
We present multi-epoch spectroscopic observations of the massive binary
system WR21a, which include the January 2011 periastron passage. Our spectra
reveal multiple SB2 lines and facilitate an accurate determination of the orbit
and the spectral types of the components. We obtain minimum masses of
and for the two components of
WR21a. Using disentangled spectra of the individual components, we derive
spectral types of O3/WN5ha and O3Vz~((f*)) for the primary and secondary,
respectively. Using the spectral type of the secondary as an indication for its
mass, we estimate an orbital inclination of and
absolute masses of and , in
agreement with the luminosity of the system. The spectral types of the WR21a
components indicate that the stars are very young (12 Myr), similar to the
age of the nearby Westerlund 2 cluster. We use evolutionary tracks to determine
the mass-luminosity relation for the total system mass. We find that for a
distance of 8 kpc and an age of 1.5 Myr, the derived absolute masses are in
good agreement with those from evolutionary predictions.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in MNRA
Consumer protection in Turkey: law, informality and the role of the media. Monash University, Workplace and Corporate Law Research Group, Working Paper No. 21
This report is part of a University of Oxford John Fell funded collaborative project: Informality and the Media in Consumer Protection in Emerging Economies. This pilot project seeks to shed light upon consumer complaint behaviour through social media in emerging economies
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The spatial relationship of human chromosomes within the nuclei of normal and emerin-mutant cells
Differential effects of polyphenols on proliferation and apoptosis in human myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cell lines.
Background: Mortality rates for leukemia are high despite considerable improvements in treatment. Since polyphenols exert pro-apoptotic effects in solid tumors, our study investigated the effects of polyphenols in haematological malignancies. The effect of eight polyphenols (quercetin, chrysin, apigenin, emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, cis-stilbene and trans-stilbene) were studied on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in four lymphoid and four myeloid leukemic cells lines, together with normal haematopoietic control cells. Methods: Cellular proliferation was measured by CellTiter-Glo® luminescent assay; and cell cycle arrest was assessed using flow cytometry of propidium iodide stained cells. Apoptosis was investigated by caspase-3 activity assay using flow cytometry and apoptotic morphology was confirmed by Hoescht 33342 staining. Results: Emodin, quercetin, and cis-stilbene were the most effective polyphenols at decreasing cell viability (IC50 values of 5-22 µM, 8-33 µM, and 25-85 µM respectively) and inducing apoptosis (AP50 values (the concentration which 50% of cells undergo apoptosis) of 2-27 µM, 19-50 µM, and 8-50 µM respectively). Generally, lymphoid cell lines were more sensitive to polyphenol treatment compared to myeloid cell lines, however the most resistant myeloid (KG-1a and K562) cell lines were still found to respond to emodin and quercetin treatment at low micromolar levels. Non-tumor cells were less sensitive to all polyphenols compared to the leukemia cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that polyphenols have anti-tumor activity against leukemia cells with differential effects. Importantly, the differential sensitivity of emodin, quercetin, and cis-stilbene between leukemia and normal cells suggests that polyphenols are potential therapeutic agents for leukemia
Massive open star clusters using the VVV survey II. Discovery of six clusters with Wolf-Rayet stars
Context: The ESO Public Survey "VISTA Variables in the V\'ia L\'actea" (VVV)
provides deep multi-epoch infrared observations for an unprecedented 562 sq.
degrees of the Galactic bulge, and adjacent regions of the disk. In this survey
nearly 150 new open clusters and cluster candidates have been discovered. Aims:
This is the second in a series of papers about young, massive open clusters
observed using the VVV survey. We present the first study of six recently
discovered clusters. These clusters contain at least one newly discovered
Wolf-Rayet (WR) star. Methods: Following the methodology presented in the first
paper of the series, wide-field, deep JHKs VVV observations, combined with new
infrared spectroscopy, are employed to constrain fundamental parameters for a
subset of clusters. Results: We affirm that the six studied stellar groups are
real young (2-7 Myr) and massive (between 0.8 and 2.2 10^3 Msol) clusters. They
are highly obscured (Av ~ 5-24 mag) and compact (1-2 pc). In addition to WR
stars, two of the six clusters also contain at least one red supergiant star.
We claim the discovery of 8 new WR stars, and 3 stars showing WR-like emission
lines which could be classified WR or OIf. Preliminary analysis provides
initial masses of ~30-50 Msol for the WR stars. Finally,we discuss the spiral
structure of the Galaxy using as tracers the six new clusters together with the
previously studied VVV clusters.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figurs, accepted in A&
Searching for compact objects in the single-lined spectroscopic binaries of the young Galactic cluster NGC 6231
Recent evolutionary computations predict that a few percent of massive OB
stars in binary systems should have a dormant BH companion. Despite several
reported X-ray quiet OB+BH systems over the last couple of years, finding them
with certainty remains challenging. These have great importance as they can be
gravitational wave (GW) source progenitors, and are landmark systems in
constraining supernova kick physics. This work aims to characterise the hidden
companions to the single-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB1s) in the B star
population of the young open Galactic cluster NGC 6231 to find candidate
systems for harbouring compact object companions. With the orbital solutions
for each SB1 previously constrained, we applied Fourier spectral disentangling
to multi-epoch optical VLT/FLAMES spectra of each target to extract a potential
signature of a faint companion, and to identify newly disentangled double-lined
spectroscopic binaries (SB2s). For targets where the disentangling does not
reveal any signature of a stellar companion, we performed atmospheric and
evolutionary modelling on the primary to obtain constraints on the unseen
companion. Seven newly classified SB2 systems with mass ratios down to near 0.1
were identified. From the remaining targets, for which no faint companion could
be extracted from the spectra, four are found to have companion masses in the
predicted mass ranges of neutron stars (NSes) and BHes. Two of these have
companion masses between 1 and 3.5 , making them potential hosts of
NSes (or lower mass main sequence stars). The other two are between 2.5 to 8
and 1.6 and 26 , respectively, and so are identified as
candidates for harbouring BH companions. However, unambiguous identification of
these systems as X-ray quiet compact object harbouring binaries requires follow
up observations.Comment: Submitted to A&
Half-metallic antiferromagnets in thiospinels
We have theoretically designed the half-metallic (HM) antiferromagnets (AFMs)
in thiospinel systems, and , based on the electronic structure
studies in the local-spin-density approximation (LSDA). We have also explored
electronic and magnetic properties of parent spinel compounds of the above
systems; and are found to be HM
ferromagnets in their cubic spinel structures, while is a
ferrimagnetic insulator. We have discussed the feasibility of material
synthesis of HM-AFM thiospinel systems.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Dynamically inflated wind models of classical Wolf-Rayet stars
Vigorous mass loss in the classical Wolf-Rayet (WR) phase is important for
the late evolution and final fate of massive stars. We develop spherically
symmetric time-dependent and steady-state hydrodynamical models of the
radiation-driven wind outflows and associated mass loss from classical WR
stars. The simulations are based on combining the opacities typically used in
static stellar structure and evolution models with a simple parametrised form
for the enhanced line-opacity expected within a supersonic outflow. Our
simulations reveal high mass-loss rates initiated in deep and hot optically
thick layers around T\approx 200kK. The resulting velocity structure is
non-monotonic and can be separated into three phases: i) an initial
acceleration to supersonic speeds ii) stagnation and even deceleration, and
iii) an outer region of rapid re-acceleration. The characteristic structures
seen in converged steady-state simulations agree well with the outflow
properties of our time-dependent models. By directly comparing our dynamic
simulations to corresponding hydrostatic models, we demonstrate explicitly that
the need to invoke extra energy transport in convectively inefficient regions
of stellar structure and evolution models is merely an artefact of enforcing a
hydrostatic outer boundary. Moreover, the "dynamically inflated" inner regions
of our simulations provide a natural explanation for the often-found mismatch
between predicted hydrostatic WR radii and those inferred from spectroscopy.
Finally, we contrast our simulations with alternative recent WR wind models
based on co-moving frame radiative transfer for computing the radiation force.
Since CMF transfer currently cannot handle non-monotonic velocity fields, the
characteristic deceleration regions found here are avoided in such simulations
by invoking an ad-hoc very high degree of clumping.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
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