Penetration Problem for Infrastructe Stability in Conditions of Offshore Fields Development

The paper is generally devoted to the problem of offshore oil and gas fields' development. The main focus of the study is mechanical behavior of seafloor sediments and stability of infrastructure objects' supporting constructions. We study the problem of estimating the effective mechanic properties of seafloor sediments. To solve the problem, we propose the usage of gravity corer of bottom sediments. These corers make it possible to study dynamic elastic properties at the ship laboratory conditions. We study the sampling process itself as a tool to estimate the rheological properties of seafloor sediments. In the current study, we propose a specific analysis of the samples and sampling process. The sampling corer is equipped with tools providing an opportunity to measure its acceleration at each moment during the sampling process. This acceleration depends on controllable sampling process conditions and mechanical properties of seafloor sediments being sampled. A corresponding contact problem is considered using the finite-element method. It is shown that there is an opportunity to evaluate some (but not all) parameters for visco-elasto-plastic rheology of the sediments from a known acceleration of the sampling tube. The obtained results make it possible to improve the quality of model of mechanical properties of the seafloor sediments. This improvement provides the corresponding increase in mechanical modeling of infrastructure stability and decreases the risks accompanying offshore field development

Synthesis, acid-base properties, and interphase distribution of new aminoalkylphosphates and -phosphonates

Using the Todd-Atherton reaction, we synthesized new ω- aminoalkylphosphates differing by location of phosphate amino group in the molecule. For these compounds and for α-, β-, and γ-amino-phosphonates of similar structure ionization constants of phosphate and phosphonate groups were determined which turned out to be similar. In all the cases the increase in basicity of amine centers was shown with the growing distance between them and the phosphorus-containing substituent. By the method of two-phase potentiometric titration the constants of partition between water and a series of organic solvents were measured. The data obtained are interpreted in the framework of additive Leo-Hansch model that allows estimation of the increments of phosphate and amidophosphate groups. These data can be applied to the study of biological activity and extraction properties of the compound of such class. © 2008 MAIK Nauka

Application of continuous oil-gas in heat and electric power, as the way of its disposal

In this paper, the perspectives and problems of using APG in heat and power engineering are considered. Among the main problems of the development of the oil complex include the problem of utilization. One of the solutions to this problem is its use as fuel in power plants to generate electricity and heat, or for further processing. It is proposed to modernize the convective design of the boiler, which will work with such a complex coolant as associated petroleum gas.В данной работе рассматриваются перспективы и проблемы использования ПНГ в тепло и электроэнергетике. К числу основных проблем развития нефтяного комплекса относят проблему утилизации. Одним из решений данной проблемы предлагается его использование в качестве топлива на электростанциях для получения электрической и тепловой энергии, либо для дальнейшей переработки. Предлагается модернизация конвективной конструкции котла, который будет работать с таким сложным теплоносителем как попутный нефтяной газ

Влияние комбинированной антигипертензивной терапии на плазменный, сосудисто-тромбоцитарный гемостаз и перекисное окисление липидов у больных артериальной гипертензией с метаболическим синдромом

The impact of antihypertensive therapy with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril (enap) and with enalapril in combination with the long-acting calcium channel blocker verapamil SR (isoptin SR) on changes of plasmatic, vascular-thrombocytic hemostasis and lipid peroxidation in patients with metabolic syndrome and arterial hypertension was studied. Combined therapy with enalapril and verapamil significantly reduces the fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin concentrations, the aggregation activity of thrombocytes in the patient's blood, inhibits the lipid peroxidation, increases the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreases the coefficient of atherogenecity. Combined therapy with enalapril and verapamil SR can be recommended for treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with metabolic syndrome.Изучено влияние антигипертензивной терапии ингибитором ангиотензинпревращающего фермента эналаприлом (энап) и эналаприлом в комбинации с блокатором кальциевых каналов верапамилом СР пролонгированного действия (изоптин СР) на динамику плазменного, сосудисто-тромбоцитарного гемостаза и перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) у больных метаболическим синдромом, осложненным артериальной гипертензией (АГ). Комбинированное применение эналаприла и верапамила достоверно уменьшает в крови больных концентрацию глюкозы натощак, содержание гликированного гемоглобина, агрегационную активность тромбоцитов, подавляет ПОЛ, повышает содержание холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности, снижает коэффициент атерогенности. Комбинированная терапия эналаприлом и верапамилом СР может быть рекомендована для лечения АГ у больных метаболическим синдромом

Chronic Methamphetamine Administration Causes Differential Regulation of Transcription Factors in the Rat Midbrain

Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive and neurotoxic psychostimulant widely abused in the USA and throughout the world. When administered in large doses, METH can cause depletion of striatal dopamine terminals, with preservation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Because alterations in the expression of transcription factors that regulate the development of dopaminergic neurons might be involved in protecting these neurons after toxic insults, we tested the possibility that their expression might be affected by toxic doses of METH in the adult brain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with saline or increasing doses of METH were challenged with toxic doses of the drug and euthanized two weeks later. Animals that received toxic METH challenges showed decreases in dopamine levels and reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase protein concentration in the striatum. METH pretreatment protected against loss of striatal dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase. In contrast, METH challenges caused decreases in dopamine transporters in both saline- and METH-pretreated animals. Interestingly, METH challenges elicited increases in dopamine transporter mRNA levels in the midbrain in the presence but not in the absence of METH pretreatment. Moreover, toxic METH doses caused decreases in the expression of the dopamine developmental factors, Shh, Lmx1b, and Nurr1, but not in the levels of Otx2 and Pitx3, in saline-pretreated rats. METH pretreatment followed by METH challenges also decreased Nurr1 but increased Otx2 and Pitx3 expression in the midbrain. These findings suggest that, in adult animals, toxic doses of METH can differentially influence the expression of transcription factors involved in the developmental regulation of dopamine neurons. The combined increases in Otx2 and Pitx3 expression after METH preconditioning might represent, in part, some of the mechanisms that served to protect against METH-induced striatal dopamine depletion observed after METH preconditioning

Риск развития послеоперационных венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений у пожилых больных

Aim. To evaluate venous thromboembolic complication risk in elderly patients admitted to trauma and orthopedics departments, prevalence of comorbidity, its impact on the risk of thrombotic events, efficacy and safety of prophylactic anticoagulant therapy.Materials and methods. Authors performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of 120 patients aged 65 years and over. Analyzed data included demographic data, main diagnosis, co-existing pathology according to International Classification of Diseases X, type of surgery and anticoagulant prophylaxis. Risk of development of venous thromboembolic complications was assessed by the Caprini scale. Potential drug-drug interactions were checked using Drug Interaction Checker available, created by company Cerner Multum according to FDA recommendations.Results. The most frequent causes of hospitalization were destructive large joint arthritis (40%) and fractures of lower extremities (21.7%). Surgeries with an average duration of 87 ± 31.4 min were performed in 85% of patients, of which major surgery – 68.6%, minor – 31.4%. Comorbidity was detected in 90% of elderly patients admitted to hospital because of pathology of the musculoskeletal system. Pathology of musculoskeletal system most often was combined with cardiovascular diseases (81.7%). A moderate risk of venous thromboembolic complications was detected in 10% patients, high risk in 75%. Anticoagulant prophylaxis with a direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban or low-molecular weight heparin enoxaparine sodium was performed in 80% of patients.Conclusion. The study demonstrated that 75% of elderly patients with pathology of the musculoskeletal system are at high risk for the development of venous thromboembolic complications. The main risk factors include the type and duration of surgery and comorbidity.Цель исследования – оценить риск развития венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений у пожилых больных травматологического и ортопедического профиля, изучить распространенность и структуру коморбидности, ее влияние на риск тромбообразования, оценить эффективность и безопасность терапии антикоагулянтами.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ историй болезни 120 пациентов старше 65 лет и 64 пациентов моложе 65 лет, поступивших в отделение травматологии и ортопедии многопрофильного стационара. Учитывали демографические данные, основной диагноз, сопутствующие заболевания согласно рубрикам Международной классификации болезней Х пересмотра, характер оперативного вмешательства и методы профилактики венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений. Риск развития тромбозов оценивали по шкале Caprini, возможные лекарственные взаимодействия – с помощью интернет-ресурса Drug Interaction Checker на сайте www.drugs.com.Результаты. Наиболее частыми причинами госпитализации пожилых больных являлись артрозы крупных суставов (40%), переломы пояснично-крестцового отдела позвоночника, бедренной кости и костей таза (21,7%). Оперативные вмешательства со средней продолжительностью (87 ± 31,4) мин выполнены 85% больным: большие операции – 58,3%, малые – 26,7%. Коморбидные состояния диагностировали у 90% больных. Чаще всего болезни костно-мышечной системы сочетались с болезнями системы крово- обращения (81,7%). Высокий риск венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений выявлен у 75% пациентов, умеренный – у 10%. Для фармакопрофилактики тромбозов 80% пациентам назначали прямой ингибитор фактора Ха ривароксабан или низкомолекулярный гепарин эноксапарин натрия. Пациентов моложе 65 лет госпитализировали по поводу артрозов и переломов, а также для коррекции внутрисуставных повреждений колена. Операции средней продолжительностью (58,4 ± 25,8) мин потребовались 51,6% больным: большие операции – 32,8%, малые – 18,8%. Коморбидные заболевания диагностировали у 73,4%, в основном болезни системы кровообращения. Высокий риск развития венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений выявлен у 29,7%, умеренный – у 50,0%; 73% больных принимали эноксапарин натрия или ривароксабан в течение (8,6 ± 4,2) дней. Заключение. У 85% пожилых пациентов с патологией костно-мышечной системы возрастает риск развития венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений. Основными факторами риска являются характер и длительность оперативного вмешательства и коморбидность

Methamphetamine-Induced Dopamine-Independent Alterations in Striatal Gene Expression in the 6-Hydroxydopamine Hemiparkinsonian Rats

Unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine into the medial forebrain bundle are used extensively as a model of Parkinson's disease. The present experiments sought to identify genes that were affected in the dopamine (DA)–denervated striatum after 6-hydroxydopamine-induced destruction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in the rat. We also examined whether a single injection of methamphetamine (METH) (2.5 mg/kg) known to cause changes in gene expression in the normally DA-innervated striatum could still influence striatal gene expression in the absence of DA. Unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine into the medial forebrain bundle resulted in METH-induced rotational behaviors ipsilateral to the lesioned side and total striatal DA depletion on the lesioned side. This injection also caused decrease in striatal serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels. DA depletion was associated with increases in 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios that were potentiated by the METH injection. Microarray analyses revealed changes (± 1.7-fold, p<0.025) in the expression of 67 genes on the lesioned side in comparison to the intact side of the saline-treated hemiparkinsonian animals. These include follistatin, neuromedin U, and tachykinin 2 which were up-regulated. METH administration caused increases in the expression of c-fos, Egr1, and Nor-1 on the intact side. On the DA-depleted side, METH administration also increased the expression of 61 genes including Pdgf-d and Cox-2. There were METH-induced changes in 16 genes that were common in the DA-innervated and DA-depleted sides. These include c-fos and Nor-1 which show greater changes on the normal DA side. Thus, the present study documents, for the first time, that METH mediated DA-independent changes in the levels of transcripts of several genes in the DA-denervated striatum. Our results also implicate 5-HT as a potential player in these METH-induced alterations in gene expression because the METH injection also caused significant increases in 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios on the DA-depleted side

The effectiveness and safety of the use of antiviral therapy in 3d mode in patients with hepatitis c 1 genotype

The article touches on the urgent topic of the treatment of hepatitis C. Infectious diseases remain a global medical and social problem of world health, especially chronic hepatitis. This study examined the effectiveness of the first interferon-free drug registered in the Russian Federation -a combination of paritaprevir, ombitasvir and dasabuvir in combination with and without ribavirin. During treatment, in all patients, regardless of the stage of fibrosis, a virological response was achieved and positive dynamics of biochemical parameters was noted, which indicates the high efficiency of 3D therapy.В статье затронута актуальная тема лечения гепатита С. Инфекционные заболевания остаются глобальной медико-социальной проблемой Мирового здравоохранения, особенно хронические гепатиты. В данном исследовании изучена эффективность первого зарегистрированного в Российской Федерации (РФ) безинтерферонового препарата – комбинация паритапревира, омбитасвира и дасабувира в сочетании с рибавирином и без него. В процессе лечения у всех пациентов, вне зависимости от стадии фиброза, был достигнут вирусологический ответ и отмечена положительная динамика биохимических показателей, что свидетельствует о высокой эффективности 3D-терапии

Effect of Phytopreparations Based on Bioreactor-Grown Cell Biomass of Dioscorea Deltoidea, Tribulus Terrestris and Panax Japonicus on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potential of bioreactor-grown cell cultures of the medicinal plant species Dioscorea deltoidea, Tribulus terrestris and Panax japonicus to treat carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) in laboratory rats. In the adrenaline model of hyperglycemia, aqueous suspensions of cell biomass pre-administered at a dose of 100 mg dry biomass/kg significantly reduced glucose level in animal blood 1–2.5 h (D. deltoidea and T. terrestris) or 1 h (P. japonicus) after adrenaline hydrochloride administration. In a streptozotocin-induced model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the cell biomass of D. deltoidea and T. terrestris acted towards normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as evidenced by a significant reduction of daily diuresis (by 39– 57%), blood-glucose level (by 46–51%), blood content in urine (by 78–80%) and total cholesterol (25– 36%) compared to animals without treatment. Bioactive secondary metabolites identified in the cell cultures and potentially responsible for their actions were deltoside, 25(S)-protodioscin and protodioscin in D. deltoidea; furostanol-type steroidal glycosides and quinic acid derivatives in T. terrestris; and ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides in P. japonicus. These results evidenced for high potential of bioreactor-grown cell suspensions of these species for prevention and treatment of CMD, which requires further investigation. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This.Funding: Bioreactor cultivation of plant cell suspensions and their biochemical analysis were financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation through Megagrant project no. 075-15-2019-1882 and performed by using the equipment of the large-scale research facilities “Experimental biotechnological facility” and “All-Russian Collection of cell cultures of higher plants” of the IPPRAS (EBF IPPRAS and ARCCC HP IPPRAS). Hypoglycemic activity evaluation of the cell biomass was performed with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation project no. 19-14-00387. The results of the hypoglycemic activity evaluation were obtained by using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use “Analytical Center of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU) of the Ministry of Health of Russia”, equipped with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia

Сучасні інтерактивні технології у викладанні іноземних мов

Сорокіна, Г. М. Сучасні інтерактивні технології у викладанні іноземних мов / Г. М. Сорокіна , Н. В. Краснова // Актуальные научные исследования в современном мире. - 2020. - Вып. 3 (59), ч. 5 - С. 99-102.В даний час до випускників вишів пред'являються високі вимоги щодо володіння ними іноземною мовою. Підготовка сучасних фахівців передбачає зміну освітнього процесу у ВНЗ. Ці зміни стосуються мети і змісту освіти, методів і прийомів. Застосування інтерактивних технологій на заняттях з іноземної мови показало, що дані методи сприяють підвищенню мотивації в оволодінні іноземною мовою, активізації пізнавальної і творчої діяльності студентів, а також дають можливість засвоїти матеріал і досягти більш високого рівня знань.Currently, university graduates are subject to high requirements for their foreign language skills. Training of modern specialists implies a change in the educational process in universities. These changes relate to the purpose and content of education, methods and techniques. The use of interactive technologies during foreign language classes has shown that these methods help to increase motivation in learning foreign language, enhance students' cognitive and creative activity, as well as enable them to learn the material and achieve a higher level of knowledge.В настоящее время к выпускникам вузов предъявляются высокие требования в отношении владения ими иностранным языком. Подготовка современных специалистов предусматривает изменение образовательного процесса в вузе. Эти изменения касаются цели и содержания обучения, методов и приемов. Применение интерактивных технологий на занятиях по иностранному языку показало, что данные методы способствуют повышению мотивации в овладении иностранным языком, активизации познавательной и творческой деятельности студентов, а также дают возможность усвоить материал и достичь более высокого уровня знаний