First records of two remarkable Coleoptera species Cucujus cinnaberinus and Metoecus paradoxus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae, Rhipiphoridae) from the Republic of Karelia (Russia)

Viable populations of two remarkable Coleoptera species – Cucujus cinnaberinus (Cucujidae) and Metoecus paradoxus (Rhipiphoridae) are reported for the first time from the Republic of Karelia (Russia). Cucujus cinnaberinus is a threatened species in northern Europe while Metoecus paradoxus is a widespread Palaearctic species actively dispersing northwards. Both species were found in the nature protected areas by the local staff. This evidences the importance of such territories for preserving and monitoring the populations of rare and poorly known species

Community-level phenological response to climate change

Climate change may disrupt interspecies phenological synchrony, with adverse consequences to ecosystem functioning. We present here a 40-y-long time series on 10,425 dates that were systemat- ically collected in a single Russian locality for 97 plant, 78 bird, 10 herptile, 19insect, and9fungal phenological events, as well as for 77climatic events related to temperature, precipitation, snow,ice, and frost. Weshow that species are shifting their phenologies at dissimilar rates, partly because they respond to different climatic factors, which in turn are shifting at dissimilar rates. Plants have advanced their spring phenology even faster than average tem- perature has increased, whereas migratory birds have shown more divergent responses and shifted, on average, less than plants. Phenological events of birds and insects were mainly trig- geredby climate cues (variation in temperature and snowand ice cover) occurring over the course of short periods, whereas many plants, herptiles, and fungi were affected by long-term climatic averages. Year-to-year variation in plants, herptiles, and insects showed a high degree of synchrony, whereas the phenological timing of fungi did not correlate with anyother taxonomicgroup. In many cases, species that are synchronous in their year-to-year dynamics havealso shifted in congruence, suggesting that climate change mayhave disrupted phenological synchrony less than has beenpreviously assumed.Ourresults illustrate howamultidimen-sional change in the physical environment has translated into a community-level change in phenology.Peer reviewe