54 research outputs found
Thyroid status of males with acute infectious pulmonary destruction
The aim of the study was to investigate the indicators of the thyroid status in males with acute infectious pulmonary destruction (AIPD), depending on the disease form and the presence of complications. Material and methods. The serum levels of total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 80 males with AIPD and 30 healthy males volunteers. Results. T3 serum level is decreased in males with AIPD and is not depended on the disease form and complications. T3 serum level reduction is occurred due to decrease of peripheral conversion of thyroid hormones. If AIPD is complicated by sepsis, then T4 production is reduced. T4 serum level correlates with the presence of sepsis in males with AIPD (rS = β0.49; p = 0.000003). The sepsis probability threshold in males with AIPD for value T4 is β€95.5 nmol/L with a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 62.5 %. Thyroid function remains normal in 25 % (95 % CI: 16β34) of males with AIPD, in other cases it is represented by: primary hypothyroidism β in 11 % (95 % CI: 4β18), nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) type I β in 44 % (95 % CI: 33β55), NTIS type II β in 11 % (95 % CI: 4β18), NTIS type V β in 9 % (95 % CI: 3β15). NTIS type II is associated with the highest mortality rate (pFisher = 0.0015). T4 serum levels correlate with mortality in males with AIPD (rS = β0.37; p = 0.00082). The mortality probability threshold in males with AIPD for value T4 is β€70.1 nmol/L with a sensitivity of 68.7 % and a specificity of 78.1 %. The obtained data indicates the advisability of monitoring and analysis of the thyroid status indicators in males with AIPD for the diagnosis of sepsis and prognosis of the disease outcome
Diffusion and ballistic contributions of the interaction correction to the conductivity of a two-dimensional electron gas
The results of an experimental study of interaction quantum correction to the
conductivity of two-dimensional electron gas in AB semiconductor
quantum well heterostructures are presented for a wide range of
-parameter (), where is the transport
relaxation time. A comprehensive analysis of the magnetic field and temperature
dependences of the resistivity and the conductivity tensor components allows us
to separate the ballistic and diffusion parts of the correction. It is shown
that the ballistic part renormalizes in the main the electron mobility, whereas
the diffusion part contributes to the diagonal and does not to the off-diagonal
component of the conductivity tensor. We have experimentally found the values
of the Fermi-liquid parameters describing the electron-electron contribution to
the transport coefficients, which are found in a good agreement with the
theoretical results.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure
Density of states measurements for the heavy subband of holes in HgTe quantum wells
A valence band in narrow HgTe quantum wells contains well-conductive Dirac-like light holes at the Ξ point and a poorly conductive heavy hole subband located in the local valleys. Here we propose and employ two methods to measure the density of states for these heavy holes. The first method uses a gate-recharging technique to measure thermodynamical entropy per particle. As the Fermi level is tuned with gate voltage from a light to heavy subband, the entropy increases dramatically, and the value of this increase gives an estimate for the density of states. The second method determines the density of states for heavy holes indirectly from the gate voltage dependence of the period of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations for light holes. The results obtained by both methods are in reasonable agreement with each other. Our approaches can be applied to measure large effective carrier masses in other two-dimensional gated systems. Β© 2020 American Physical Society.The authors are thankful to S. S. Krishtopenko, and I. S. Burmistrov for discussions. The measurements facilities of the LPI were used for entropy detection of the heavy carriers. These measurements were supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant No 18-72-10073. The work has been supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 18-02-00050 and 18-29-20053)
ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²
Background. Renal cell carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by high vascularization and immunogenicity. Immunotherapy has made a breakthrough in the treatment of this pathology, however, the lack of development of criteria for its use does not allow to achieve even greater success. It is known that the tumor stroma plays an important role in the success of immunotherapy. Among the various histological types of kidney tumors, the stroma of the clear cell renal cell carcinoma has been studied in sufficient detail. However, the remaining histological types are practically not studied.Objective: description of the immunosuppressive phenotype of the stroma of kidney tumors of various histological types.Materials and methods. The study included tumor samples obtainedfrom 44patients with renal cell carcinoma of various histological types (16 samples of chromophobe cancer, 15 samples of clear cell and 13 samples of papillary renal cell carcinoma). The method of immunohis-tochemistry evaluated the expression of tumor stromal markers, namely CD68, CD206, PU.1, CD3, IDO1 and PD-L1 in the studied samples.Results. Analysis of the total number of macrophages associated with the tumor showed that the smallest number is observed in samples of chromophobe renal cancer, while in the samples of clear cell cancer their number is greatest. A similar situation is observed for T-cells: the largest number of CD3+ cells is observed in clear cell tumors. In chromophobe and papillary tumors, their number is reduced. Papillary tumors are also characterized by an almost complete absence of expression of PD-L1 and IDO1 compared to other histological types of kidney tumors. We also showed that for PU.1 there is a strong positive correlation between its quantity and localization, as in CD68. Thus, PU.1 can be used as a general marker for describing stromal macrophages in kidney tumors.Conclusion. The study showed that kidney tumors of various histological types strongly and significantly differ in the composition of their microenvironment. These data, of course, must be considered when choosing immune therapy in the treatment of this pathology.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 44 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² (16 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, 15 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ 13 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ). Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ CD68, CD206, PU.1, CD3, IDO1 ΠΈ PD-L1.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅. ΠΠ»Ρ Π’-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ: Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ CD3+-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ
. Π Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ PD-L1 ΠΈ IDO1 ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ PU.1 Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ CD68. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, PU.1 ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
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