77 research outputs found
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Measurement of the gravitational acceleration of the antiproton: an experimental overview
An ambitious experiment is being developed to measure the force on the antiproton due to the gravitational field of the earth. The technique consists in obtaining antiprotons of the lowest energy possible from the LEAR facility at CERN, decelerating them further in an external beam line, trapping and cooling them to ultralow energy, and measuring their gravitational acceleration by time-of-flight methods. The experiment has been granted CERN approval (PS-200). Present plans and initial development efforts are described
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A survey of macromycete diversity at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bandelier National Monument, and Los Alamos County; A preliminary report
The authors have completed a 5-year survey (1991--1995) of macromycetes found in Los Alamos County, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Bandelier National Monument. The authors have compiled a database of 1,048 collections, their characteristics, and identifications. The database represents 123 (98%) genera and 175 (73%) species reliably identified. Issues of habitat loss, species extinction, and ecological relationships are addressed, and comparisons with other surveys are made. With this baseline information and modeling of this baseline data, one can begin to understand more about the fungal flora of the area
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Experience with a double-compensating beam calorimeter
In an experiment to measure the D(t,..cap alpha..)n cross section at beam energies of 10 to 120 keV, we have developed a double-compensating beam calorimeter, based on a Swiss design to measure the partical beam intensity. A Faraday cup is not useful because of considerable charge exchange in the target gas at such low beam energies. We calibrated the calorimeter both with 10- and 3-MeV protons (comparing with a Faraday-cup measurement of the beam flux) and with the heat generated in a precision resistor. Both methods agree and give a calibration accurate to +- 0.08% over a range of 10 to 800 mW beam power. Beam powers as low as 5 mW may be used, but with less accuracy. The beam energy must be known in order to calculate the particle intensity. Some difficulties with and peculiarities of the device are discussed
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Distribution and diversity of fungal species in and adjacent to the Los Alamos National Laboratory
Fungi have demonstrated their ability to diversify and specialize to take advantage of new environments (Murphy 1996). These species are essential to the normal functioning of ecosystems and the impacts of human activities may be harmful to fungi. There is a need to inventory fungi throughout the range of their environments. Previously archived information representing 43 sample locations was used to perform a preliminary evaluation of the distributions and diversity of fungal species at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and in adjacent environments. Presence-absence data for 71 species of fungi in five habitats, pinon-juniper, canyon-bottom ponderosa pine, ponderosa pine, canyon-bottom mixed conifer, and mixed conifer were analyzed. The results indicate that even though fungi occur in each of the habitats, fungal species are not distributed evenly among these habitats. The richness of fungal species is greater in the canyon-bottom mixed conifer and mixed conifer habitats than in the pinon-juniper, canyon-bottom ponderosa pine or ponderosa pine habitats. All but three of the fungal species were recorded in either the canyon-bottom mixed conifer or the mixed conifer habitats, and all but seven of the fungal species were found in the mixed conifer habitat
Study of the 3-Nucleon System: d+p Breakup Measurements at E_d = 80 MeV
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 81-14339 and by Indiana Universit
Nuclear Reaction Network for Primordial Nucleosynthesis: a detailed analysis of rates, uncertainties and light nuclei yields
We analyze in details the standard Primordial Nucleosynthesis scenario. In
particular we discuss the key theoretical issues which are involved in a
detailed prediction of light nuclide abundances, as the weak reaction rates,
neutrino decoupling and nuclear rate modeling. We also perform a new analysis
of available data on the main nuclear processes entering the nucleosynthesis
reaction network, with particular stress on their uncertainties as well as on
their role in determining the corresponding uncertainties on light nuclide
theoretical estimates. The current status of theoretical versus experimental
results for 2H, 3He, 4He and 7Li is then discussed using the determination of
the baryon density as obtained from Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies.Comment: LaTeX, 83 pages, 30 .pdf figures. Some typos in the units of
R-functions in appendix D and relative plots fixe
Primordial Nucleosynthesis for the New Cosmology: Determining Uncertainties and Examining Concordance
Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) have
a long history together in the standard cosmology. The general concordance
between the predicted and observed light element abundances provides a direct
probe of the universal baryon density. Recent CMB anisotropy measurements,
particularly the observations performed by the WMAP satellite, examine this
concordance by independently measuring the cosmic baryon density. Key to this
test of concordance is a quantitative understanding of the uncertainties in the
BBN light element abundance predictions. These uncertainties are dominated by
systematic errors in nuclear cross sections. We critically analyze the cross
section data, producing representations that describe this data and its
uncertainties, taking into account the correlations among data, and explicitly
treating the systematic errors between data sets. Using these updated nuclear
inputs, we compute the new BBN abundance predictions, and quantitatively
examine their concordance with observations. Depending on what deuterium
observations are adopted, one gets the following constraints on the baryon
density: OmegaBh^2=0.0229\pm0.0013 or OmegaBh^2 = 0.0216^{+0.0020}_{-0.0021} at
68% confidence, fixing N_{\nu,eff}=3.0. Concerns over systematics in helium and
lithium observations limit the confidence constraints based on this data
provide. With new nuclear cross section data, light element abundance
observations and the ever increasing resolution of the CMB anisotropy, tighter
constraints can be placed on nuclear and particle astrophysics. ABRIDGEDComment: 54 pages, 20 figures, 5 tables v2: reflects PRD version minor changes
to text and reference
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Low-energy nuclear fusion data and their relation to magnetic and laser fusion
The accuracy of the basic fusion data for the T(d,n)/sup 4/He, /sup 3/He(d,p)/sup 4/He, T(t,2n)/sup 4/He, D(d,n)/sup 3/He, and D(d,p)T reactions was investigated in the 10- to 100-keV bombarding energy region, and the effects of inaccuracies on the design of fusion reactors were assessed. The data base for these reactions (particularly, the most critical T(d,n)/sup 4/He reaction) rests on 25-year-old experiments the accuracy (often assumed to be +- 5%) of which has rarely been questioned: yet, in all except the d + d reactions, there are significant differences among data sets. The errors in the basic data sets may be considerably larger than previously expected, and the effect on design calculations should be significant. Much of the trouble apparently lies in the accuracy of the energy measurements, which are difficult at low energies. Systematic errors of up to 50% are possible in the reactivity values of the present T(d,n)/sup 4/He data base. The errors in the reactivity will propagate proportionately into the errors in fusion probabilities in reactor calculations. /sup 3/He(d,p)/sup 4/He reaction cross sections could be in error by as much as 50% in the low-energy region. The D(d,n)/sup 3/He and D(d,p)T cross sections appear to be well known and consistent. The T(t,2n)/sup 4/He cross section is poorly known and may be subject to large systematic errors. Improved absolute measurements for all the reactions in the low bombarding energy region (10 to 100 keV) are needed, but until they are done, the data sets should be left as they are (except for T(t,2n)/sup 4/He data, which could be lowered by about 50%). The apparent uncertainties of these data sets should be kept in mind. 14 figures
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