Beyond Moore's technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

The predictions of Moore's law are considered by experts to be valid until 2020 giving rise to "post-Moore's" technologies afterwards. Energy efficiency is one of the major challenges in high-performance computing that should be answered. Superconductor digital technology is a promising post-Moore's alternative for the development of supercomputers. In this paper, we consider operation principles of an energy-efficient superconductor logic and memory circuits with a short retrospective review of their evolution. We analyze their shortcomings in respect to computer circuits design. Possible ways of further research are outlined.Comment: OPEN ACCES

Some results of cislunar plasma research

The main results of plasma cislunar investigations, carried out during Luna-19 and Luna-22 spacecraft flights by means of dual frequency dispersion interferrometry, are briefly outlined. It is shown that a thin layer of plasma, with a height of several tens of kilometers and a maximum concentration of the order 1,000 electrons/cu cm exists above the solar illuminated lunar surface. A physical model of the formation and existence of such a plasma in cislunar space is proposed, taking into account the influence of local magnetic areas on the moon

The nighttime ionosphere of Mars from Mars-4 and Mars-5 radio occultation dual-frequency measurements

Dual frequency radio sounding of the Martian nighttime ionosphere was carried out during the exits from behind the planet of the Mars-4 spacecraft on February 2, 1974 and the Mars-5 spacecraft on February 18, 1974. In these experiments, the spacecraft transmitter emitted two coherent monochromatic signals in decimeter and centimeter wavelength ranges. At the Earth receiving station, the reduced phase difference (or frequencies) of these signals was measured. The nighttime ionosphere of Mars measured in both cases had a peak electron density of approximately 5 X 1,000/cu cm at an altitude of 110 to 130 km. At the times of spacecraft exit, the solar zenith angles at the point of occultation were 127 deg and 106 deg, respectively. The height profiles of electron concentration were obtained assuming spherical symmetry of the Martian ionosphere

Geological-morphological description of the Ishtar Terra (photomap of the Venusian surface sheet B-5)

The main part of the Ishtar Terra east of the Maxwell Montes is covered with systems of areal dislocations of several directions, which are called Parquet. According to the structural patterns these may be divided into: (1) the central stable block; (2) the lesser peripheral blocks separated from the central one by gaps and grabens; (3) the zones of mobilized parquet, whose substance flowed downward at an incline in the directions away from the central block in the form of plastic flows; and (4) the partially parqueted lava sheets. The Maxwell Montes were formed as a result of the collision between the central parquet block and the Lakshmi Planum

Relief and geology of the north polar region of the planet Venus

Description of topographic features is given for the North polar region of the planet Venus. Principal geomorphic types of terrain are characterized as well as their geologic relations. Relative ages of geologic units in Venus North polar region are discussed

Современная диагностика легочной артериальной гипертензии

Department of Radiology, Nicolae Testemitanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Institute of Cardiology, Institute of Oncology, ChisinauLucrarea reprezintă o sinteză a cercetărilor actuale din domeniul diagnosticului modern al hipertensiunii pulmonare arteriale. Datele analizate provin dintr-o bibliografie bogată din literatura de specialitate. La etapa actuală, diagnosticarea sindromului de hipertensiune pulmonară arterială se realizează cu utilizarea diferitelor metode: electrocardiografia, ecocardiografia Doppler, radiografia toracică, scintigrafia pulmonară prin perfuzie şi prin ventilaţie, tomografia computerizată, testele funcţiei pulmonare şi cateterizmul cardiac. De asemenea, articolul conţine informaţii practice referitoare la rolul diferitelor metode imagistice în aprecierea patologiei.Представленная работа является синтезом актуальных методов диагностики легочной артериальной гипертензии. Анализируемые данные селектированы из множества литературных источников данного профиля. В настоящее время диагностика синдрома легочной артериальной гипертензии осуществляется с использованием различных методов: электрокардиография, эхокардиография Допплер, рентгенография грудной клетки, перфузионная и вентиляционная сцинтиграфия легких, компьютерная томография, методы функциональной диагностики, катетеризация сердца. Статья также содержит практическую информацию о роли различных методов лучевой диагностики в определении соответствующей патологии

Geological-morphological description of the Sedna and Guinevre planitiae on Venus (photomap sheets B-11, B-20, B-21)

Presented are descriptions and maps of the region of Sedna and Guinevra Planitiae--representatives of the largest geological providense on Venus comprised of volcanic rock. Units of different age are isolated and their relations are given, as well as interpretations of proposed mechanisms of formation

Evidence for two-dimensional nucleation of superconductivity in MgB2_{2}

According to the crystal structure of MgB$_{2}$ and band structure calculations quasi-two-dimensional (2D) boron planes are responsible for the superconductivity. We report on critical fields and resistance measurements of 30 nm thick MgB$_{2}$ films grown on MgO single crystalline substrate. A linear temperature dependence of the parallel and perpendicular upper critical fields indicate a 3D-like penetration of magnetic field into the sample. Resistivity measurements, in contrast, yield a temperature dependence of fluctuation conductivity above T$_{c}$ which agrees with the Aslamazov-Larkin theory of fluctuations in 2D superconductors. We consider this finding as an experimental evidence of two-dimensional nucleation of superconductivity in MgB$_{2}$.Comment: 5 RevTex pages, 3 PostScript Figures ZIPed in archive Sidoren.zip. Submitted to EuroPhys. Lett. December 3, 200

METHOD OF EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS RECONSTRUCTION WITH FORMATION OF AN ACCESS FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE INTERVENTIONS

Background: Methods of repair for iatrogenic extrahepatic bile ducts injuries are still under discussion. Aim: To improve surgical outcomes in patients with diseases and iatrogenic injuries of extrahepatic bile ducts. Materials and methods: The new surgical method for treatment of the diseases and traumatic injuries of extrahepatic bile ducts improves immediate and long-term outcomes in patients with iatrogenic injuries and diseases of bile ducts. The method provides a direct endoscopic access allowing for minimally invasive biliodigestive anastomosis interventions (balloon dilation, endoprothesis positioning and change, etc.) under direct vision. Results:  The new method is associated with less surgical trauma, reduced intra-/postoperative complications, better quality of life and no impact on patients’ life-style. Conclusion:  In our study, endoscopic repair of biliodigestive anastomoses through persistent gastroenteroanastomosis was a simple, available and safe method. The procedure may be performed by surgeon-endoscopist under local anesthesia. If needed, multiple procedures are possible