Coronas-F Orbit Monitoring and Re-Entry Prediction

Russian scientific satellite CORONAS-F was launched on July, 31, 2001. The object was inserted in near-circular orbit with the inclination 82.5deg and a mean altitude approx. 520 km. Due to the upper atmosphere drag CORONAS-F was permanently descended and as a result on December, 6, 2005 it has finished the earth-orbital flight, having lifetime in space approx. 4.5 years. The satellite structural features and its flight attitude control led to the significant variations of its ballistic coefficient during the flight. It was a cause of some specific difficulties in the fulfillment of the ballistic and navigation support of this space vehicle flight. Besides the main mission objective CORONAS-F also has been selected by the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) as a target object for the next regular international re-entry test campaign on a program of surveillance and re-entry prediction for the hazard space objects within their de-orbiting phases. Spacecraft (S/C) CORONAS-F kept its working state right up to the end of the flight - down to the atmosphere entry. This fact enabled to realization of the additional research experiments, concerning with an estimation of the atmospheric density within the low earth orbits (LEO) of the artificial satellites, and made possible to continue track the S/C during final phase of its flight by means of Russian regular command & tracking system, used for it control. Thus there appeared a unique possibility of using for tracking S/C at its de-orbiting phase not only passive radar facilities, belonging to the space surveillance systems and traditionally used for support of the IADC re-entry test campaigns, but also more precise active trajectory radio-tracking facilities from the ground control complex (GCC) applied for this object. Under the corresponding decision of the Russian side such capability of additional high-precise tracking control of the CORONAS-F flight in this period of time has been implemented. The organizing of the CORONAS-F ballistic and navigational support (BNS) and solving its main tasks (such as S/C orbit determination (OD) and its motion prediction and connected with them) both for regular mission stage and for additional flight program were realized by the group of specialists from the Mission Control Center (MCC). MCC was also assigned as a principal organization from the Russian side for participation in the 7th IADC re-entry test campaign on CORONAS-F. The CORONAS-F flight features and space environments circumstances during its flight as well as a methodology and technology of spacecraft ballistic and navigational support are given below. The BNS results for different phases of S/C flight, including the results of its re-entry predictions, obtained during the realization of the 7th IADC test campaign are submitted. The accuracy of space vehicle re-entry prediction and its dependence on various factors are analyzed in more details

Working conditions and the professional oncological disease, working in Primorye territore

The estimation of working conditions of workers, the analysis of disease and the organisation of preliminary and periodic medical inspections, population prophylactic medical examinations is spent for the purpose of improvement of working conditions and preventive maintenance of professional oncological diseases, revealing of signs of diseases at early stages of development, preservation of health and increase in able-bodied age of the population of Primorye Territory.Оценка условий труда работников, анализ заболеваемости и организации предварительных и периодических медицинских осмотров, диспансеризации населения проводится с целью улучшения условий труда и профилактики профессиональных онкологических заболеваний, выявления признаков заболеваний на ранних стадиях развития, сохранения здоровья и увеличение трудоспособного возраста населения Приморского края

Two years of experience in hospital surveillance for the severe influenza like illnesses in St. Petersburg: etiology, clinical characterization of diseases, antigenic and genetic properties of isolated influenza viruses

In this paper, we analyze the etiology of the diseases occurring during two consecutive influenza epidemic seasons in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. The analysis is based on the results of the PCR diagnostics of the clinical samples collected from patients hospitalized in three St. Petersburg hospitals with influenza like illnesses (ILI). It was shown that the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 was the dominant causative agent during the 2012-2013 epidemic season while, in the 2013-2014 season, A(H3N2) virus was predominant among adults and children. The influenza B virus activity was high in the 2012-2013 season and low in the 2013-2014 season. During both seasons, the main causative agent for the hospitalization of young children was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), followed by rhinovirus and influenza virus. The rate of involvement of parainfluenza, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and coronavirus was low and was negligible for bocavirus. Children 0-2 and 3-6 years old formed the group of patients that was affected by acute respiratory infection agents the most. Children younger than 3 months old were the major group of the intensive care unit (ICUs) patients and only 27.5% of them were adults. RSV and rhinovirus were the leading cause of ILI among the children admitted to ICU. Among the adult patients admitted to the ICU, only influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B viruses were detected during both influenza seasons.According to the results of the antigenic and genetic analysis, most influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating in St. Petersburg matched the vaccine strains recommended by the WHO for vaccine composition in the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 seasons.In this paper, we analyze the etiology of the diseases occurring during two consecutive influenza epidemic seasons in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. The analysis is based on the results of the PCR diagnostics of the clinical samples collected from patients hospitalized in three St. Petersburg hospitals with influenza like illnesses (ILI). It was shown that the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 was the dominant causative agent during the 2012-2013 epidemic season while, in the 2013-2014 season, A(H3N2) virus was predominant among adults and children. The influenza B virus activity was high in the 2012-2013 season and low in the 2013-2014 season. During both seasons, the main causative agent for the hospitalization of young children was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), followed by rhinovirus and influenza virus. The rate of involvement of parainfluenza, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and coronavirus was low and was negligible for bocavirus. Children 0-2 and 3-6 years old formed the group of patients that was affected by acute respiratory infection agents the most. Children younger than 3 months old were the major group of the intensive care unit (ICUs) patients and only 27.5% of them were adults. RSV and rhinovirus were the leading cause of ILI among the children admitted to ICU. Among the adult patients admitted to the ICU, only influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B viruses were detected during both influenza seasons. According to the results of the antigenic and genetic analysis, most influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating in St. Petersburg matched the vaccine strains recommended by the WHO for vaccine composition in the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 seasons

Lipoprotein(a) concentration and the blood content of INFγ-producing T-helpers 17 (Th17/1) in males with premature coronary artery disease

Aim. To analyze the relationship of blood lipid profile parameters, including the level of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and the content of circulating CD4+ T-lymphocytes with premature coronary artery disease (CAD).Material and methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 76 men aged 40 to 79 years. Patients were divided into following groups: main group — patients with CAD (58 [54;64] years, n=56) onset before the age of 55; control group — patients (62 [57;66] years, n=20) without CAD and obstructive CAD and peripheral arterial disease. Statins were taken by 51 (91%) and 9 (45%) patients in the main and control groups, respectively. In serum and plasma samples, lipid spectrum parameters and Lp(a) concentration were determined. Cellular phenotyping was performed by direct immunofluorescence in a culture of mononuclear leukocytes isolated from blood. To determine cytokines, cells were in vitro activated with inhibitor of intracellular transport of secretory proteins. Cell fluorescence was determined using flow cytometry.Results. Patients of both groups were comparable in age, body mass index, prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Blood Lp(a) concentrations were higher in the CAD group than in the control group (49 [10;102] mg/dL vs 12 [4,3;32] mg/ dL, p<0,05). The content of INFγ-producing T-helpers 17 (Th17/1) was also higher in the CAD group (19 [15;24] vs 13 [11;22], % of Th17, p=0,05). Logistic regression revealed that elevated Lp(a) levels (≥30 mg/dL) and relative amounts of Th17/1 (>14% of Th17) independently of each other, atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol levels, classical risk factors, and statin use were associated with premature CAD in the general group of patients with odds ratio (OR) of 4,6 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1,1-20,2) and 10,9 (2,1-56,7), p<0,05, respectively. The combination of Lp(a) >30 mg/dl and Th17/1 over 14% significantly increased the risk of premature CAD (OR, 28,0, 95% CI, 4,31-181,75, p=0,0005).Conclusion. We have shown for the first time that an increased Lp(a) concentration with an increased Th17/1 content is associated with the premature CAD in men

Возможности мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии в диагностике рака ротовой полости и языка

The aim: to determine if the multislice computed tomography is effective in detecting the oral cavity and tongue cancer.Materials and methods. A data set from MSCT research study containing records from 243 patients aged between 19 and 89 has been analyzed. The data included personal records of two groups: 124 (51.0%) patients of the main group with the diagnosis “tongue and oral cavity cancer” and 119 (49.0%) patients the control group, receiving assessment and treatment at Oncology in-patient specialized clinic №1, during a period from 2012 to 2016 years. The findings were compared to information received from clinical, instrumental examination and morphological results.Results. Some typical CT signs of tongue and oral cavity cancer are identified as following: the asymmetry of anatomical structures; tissue densities ranging +39 HU...+43 HU (min/max −13…+86 HU); obliteration of fatty layers; the postcontrast densities increasing on 36–47 HU (min/max +26…+68 HU); the presence of a hypodense contrast agent-avoiding area; signs of additional tissue; signs of local tissue defect. Similar calculations are made for the four signs of the greatest figures in complex resulting in 97.6% sensitivity, 99.2% specificity and 98.4% accuracy. The analysis of parametric data showed a direct dependency between the degree of lymph nodes involvement and the thickness and width of the tongue tumor. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate a high diagnostic efficacy of MSCT in detecting cancer of different localization in the mouth and on the tongue, determining the area affected and the identification of local metastasis.Цель исследования: определить диагностическую эффективность мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии (МСКТ) в выявлении рака полости рта и языка.Материал и методы. Проанализированы архивные данные результатов МСКТ 243 пациентов в возрасте от 19 до 89 лет, которые были разделены на 2 группы: основная группа – 124 (51,0%) больных с диагнозом рак языка или полости рта и контрольная группа – 119 (49,0%) пациентов, проходивших обследование и лечение в ГБУЗ “ОКД №1 ДЗМ” в период с 2012 по 2016 г. Полученные данные были сопоставлены с данными клинико-инструментального осмотра, а также с данными морфологического заключения.Результаты. Выделены характерные МСКТ-признаки, встречающиеся при раке языка и полости рта: асимметрия анатомических структур, участок уплотнения тканей с плотностными характеристиками в диапазоне +39 …+43 ед.H (min/max −13…+86 ед. H), облитерация межструктурных жировых прослоек, повышение показателей плотности выявленных патологических изменений после внутривенного контрастирования в среднем на 36–47 ед.H (26–68 ед.H), наличие гиподенсной зоны, не накапливающей контрастный препарат, наличие признака дополнительной ткани, наличие признака локального дефекта тканей. Рассчитаны показатели чувствительности, специфичности, точности для каждого признака. Аналогичные расчеты произведены для четырех признаков с наибольшими показателями в совокупности. Чувствительность составила 97,6%, специфичность – 99,2%, точность – 98,4%. Анализ параметрических данных размеров опухолей показал зависимость поражения лимфатических узлов от толщины и ширины опухоли языка.Заключение. Результаты данного исследования свидетельствуют о высокой диагностической эффективности МСКТ в выявлении рака различной локализации в полости рта и на языке, определении площади поражения и выявлении локального метастазирования

Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base-Artinskian Stage (Lower Permian)

The base-Artinskian Stage GSSP is defined at 0.6 m above the base of bed 4b at the Dal’ny Tulkas section in the southern Urals of Russia (53.88847N and 056.51615E). This point corresponds to the First Appearance Datum of the conodont Sweetognathus asymmetricus, which is part of a well-defined and widely distributed lineage. Additional markers for correlation include a radioisotopic age interpolated between 290.1 and 290.5 Ma, a strontium isotopic ratio of .70767, and many additional fossils groups, particularly ammonoids and fusulines, but also including small foraminiferans, radiolarians, and palynomorphs. Finally, the boundary occurs within a transgressive succession, near, or at a maximum flooding surface in many sections, thereby forming a distinctive sequence stratigraphic signature in the field. The Artinskian Stage is the third stage of the Lower Permian or Cisuralian Series

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИНАМИКИ ИММУННОГО ОТВЕТА ПРИ ГРИППЕ У ДЕТЕЙ НА ФОНЕ ИНТЕРФЕРОНОТЕРАПИИ

The paper presents clinical and laboratory study results of the immune response indicators dynamics in 199 children aged 1 year to 14 years with verified diagnosis of influenza depending on the type of immune response to the treatment with recombinant interferon alpha-2b (IFN) (Grippferon®, nasal drops). A total of 100 people received this medication, whereas 99 patients in the control group received pathogenetic therapy. The immune response type was determined on the basis of the polarisation coefficients (PC) suggested by the authors: PC1 = IL-4/IFN-γ and PC2 = IL-10/IFN-γ obtained by calculating the content ratio in the serum cytokines of IL-4 to IFN-γ and IL-10 to IFN-γ, responsible for the predominant type of immune response to antigen introduction.  A good therapeutic efficacy of the intranasal medication of recombinant interferon alfa-2b was established for the treatment of influenza in children, given both the Th1and Th2-type immune response. This allows us to recommend  this medication for use in children, regardless of the immune response type.Представлены результаты клинико-лабораторного исследования динамики показателей иммунного ответа у 199 детей в возрасте от 1 года до 14 лет при верифицированном гриппе в зависимости от типа иммунного ответа на фоне применения препарата рекомбинантного интерферона (IFN) альфа-2b (Гриппферон®, капли назальные) (100 человек получали препарат, 99, получавшие патогенетически направленную терапию, вошли в состав группы сравнения). Тип иммунного ответа определяли на основании предложенных авторами коэффициентов поляризации (КП) КП1 = IL-4/IFN-γ и КП2 = IL-10/IFN-γ, полученных при расчете соотношения содержания в сыворотке крови цитокинов IL-4 к IFN-γ и IL-10 к IFN-γ, ответственных за преимущественный тип иммунного  ответа на внедрение антигена. Установлена хорошая лечебная эффективность интраназального применения препарата рекомбинантного интерферона альфа-2b в комплексной терапии гриппа у детей как при Th1, так и при Th2 типе иммунного ответа, что позволяет рекомендовать его применение у детей, независимо от типа иммунного ответа

Особенности этиологической структуры ОРВИ в отдельных возрастных и профессиональных группах населения Санкт-Петербурга в эпидемический сезон 2013-2014 гг .

The objective. To study etiological structure of acute respiratory viral diseases in the hospitalized patients of different age groups and to reveal their peculiarities in children and adults, as well as in adults of draft age (18–26 years) among civilians and military recruits.Materials and methods. 2202 in patients with acute respiratory diseases of moderate and severe degree, including 1123 patients (51.0%) aged up to 18 years and 1079 patients (49,0%) aged 18 years and above, were examined during the epidemic season since September 2013 till July 2014. RNA or DNA of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), influenza B, types 1–4parainfluenza, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, rino-, metapneumo-, corona-, entero- and boca- viruses were determinedin nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum and brohchoalveolar lavage by real time PCR method. Significance of differences (p<0,05) in cases incidence of compared independent groups were assessed by the Pearson,s χ2 (chi-squared) test.Results. Genetic material of viruses causing ARD was revealed in 1343 cases (61,0%). Influenza viruses A and B (30,3%), RS viruses (23,6%), rinoviruses (22,8%) and adenoviruses (12,5%) prevail among ARD viral pathogens. The parainfluenza virus infection was laboratory confirmed in 8,7%, coronavirus – in 4,4%, bocavirus – in 1,2%, enterovirus – in 0,7% of cases. Assessment of age-related features of ARD etiologic structure showed that RS virus (37,6%, p<0,05) and parainfluenza virus (11,3%, p<0,05) infections were registered significantly often among children. Influenza viruses (46,4%, p<0,05), adenovirus (26,3%, p<0,05) and rinovirus (25,7%, p<0,05) were verified significantly often among adults. Etiologic ARD structure of military personnel 18–26 years old was characterized by significant prevalence of adenovirus infection (53,9%, p<0,05).Conclusion. The study has shown that acute respiratory diseases caused by RS and parainfluenza viruses predominated among children, by influenza viruses – among adults (civilians) and by adenovirus – among military personnel.Цель. Исследовать этиологическую структуру острых респираторных вирусных заболеваний у госпитализированных больных в разных возрастных и профессиональных группах и выявить ее особенности у детей и взрослых, а также у взрослых призывного возраста (18– 26 лет) из числа гражданских лиц и военнослужащих.Материалы и методы. В эпидемический сезон с сентября 2013 г. по июль 2014 г. обследовано 2202 стационарных больных острыми респираторными заболеваниями средней и тяжелой степенями тяжести, в том числе в возрасте до 18 лет – 1123 пациента (51,0%), 18 лет и старше – 1079 пациентов (49,0%). РНК или ДНК вирусов гриппа А(H1N1)pdm09 и А(H3N2), гриппа В, парагриппа 1–4 типов, аденовирусов, респираторно-синцитиального вируса, рино-, метапневмо-, корона-, бока- и энтеровирусов определяли в носоглоточных смывах, мокроте и бронхоальвеолярном лаваже методом ПЦР. Достоверность различия (p<0,05) частоты встречаемости случаев в сравниваемых независимых группах оценивали по критерию χ2 (хи-квадрат) Пирсена.Результаты. При обследовании больных генетический материал вирусов, вызывающих ОРЗ, выявлен в 1343 случаях (61,0%). Среди респираторных вирусов в качестве возбудителей ОРЗ доминируют вирусы гриппа А и В (30,3%), РС-вирусы (23,6%), риновирусы (22,8%) и аденовирусы (12,5%). Парагриппозная инфекция установлена в 8,7%, коронавирусная – в 4,4%, бокавирусная – в 1,2%, энтеровирусная – в 0,7% случаев. При оценке возрастных особенностей этиологической структуры ОРЗ выявлено, что среди детей достоверно чаще регистрировали РС-вирусную (37,6%, p<0,05) и парагриппозную (11,3%, p<0,05) инфекции. У взрослых достоверно чаще верифицировали грипп (46,4%, p<0,05), аденовирусную (26,3%, p<0,05) и риновирусную (25,7%, p<0,05) инфекции. Особенностью этиологической структуры ОРЗ у военнослужащих в возрасте 18–26 лет является достоверное преобладание аденовирусной инфекции (53,9%, p<0,05).Заключение. Исследование показало, что в структуре ОРЗ среди детей достоверно чаще регистрируют РС-вирусные заболевания и парагрипп, среди взрослых –грипп (у гражданских лиц) и аденовирусную инфекцию (у военнослужащих)