The Effect of Nursing Interventions and Health Promotion on Childhood Obesity: A Literature Review

Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States that has short-term and long-term health consequences for the children affected. Nurses are patient advocates and are responsible for speaking up for the patient; in the pediatric population, a nurse must act as an advocate on behalf of the child. The purpose of this literature review is to look at different barriers to nursing interventions in regard to childhood obesity. A literature review was done by using different databases, with 11 articles having similar themes and interventions used. The main themes from the literature review were parental willingness and involvement in weight loss strategies with their child, a lack of training for nurses in the area of childhood obesity, and a lack of standardized assessment methods for charting and tracking children\u27s weight status. The research suggests that the more involved a parent is, the more successful the child\u27s weight loss will be. Additionally, an overall lack of training in health promotion was noted among nurses alone with a feeling of discomfort when speaking to parents and children about the child\u27s weight, indicating a need for further education in health promotion techniques. Finally, articles did not commonly use a standardized assessment method to track weight status in the pediatric population, making cross-examination of different result difficult and points to a need for a standardized measure that is as objective as possible, such as a body fat percentage measure

Buddhist Approaches to Environmentalism and Food Insecurity

Buddhism is a religion deep-rooted in history, most prevalent in Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. 3 These countries are “developing countries” and may not have the necessary infrastructure to succeed economically and have increased health risks, one of which is food insecurity.4 With climate change an increased threat, these areas of the world are more susceptible to environmental problems. The Buddhism religion strongly values sustainability, in both the environment and food insecurity. It values helping others, both humans and nature. Despite the adversity they face, Buddhists have dealt better than communities in similar situations of poverty and climate change with food insecurity, but there is still more improvement needed. 10,11,13 Intervention programs are needed to improve the food insecurity and environmental issues many Buddhists face. However, the Buddhist approach to life would likely benefit those who adopt it, and their health and well-being would likely improve. 1

Mineral Uptake Rates and Yield Coefficients of the Green Microalgae Scenedesmus Dimorphus

The need for renewable sources of energy has become critical as fossil fuel resources, which include oil, coal, and natural gas, are known to contribute to climate change and will eventually be depleted. Biofuels that originate from the fat of plants, animals, microalgae, and bacteria are an attractive alternative. Microalgae, in particular, are strong candidates for biofuel production since they have a high growth rate and lipid content (up to 50 in some species). The goal of this research was to optimize 3N-BBM+V recipe (Bold Basal Medium with 3-fold Nitrogen and Vitamins) in an effort of reducing the amount of nutrients used in growing the green microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus, and hence lower the cost of cultivation. Three runs were carried out on a 5L bioreactor in batch mode. The average growth rate of S. dimorphus was 0.17 ± 0.03 days-1. Inductively Coupled Plasma was utilized to monitor substrate concentration with time in the bioreactor which allowed the determination of yield coefficients in gdw biomass/g substrate for magnesium (253±50), calcium (341±84), potassium (61±15), phosphorous (60±13), and iron (5807±3000). These yields were utilized to calculate the optimal starting substrate concentration in the media in mg/L for magnesium (4.3±0.3), calcium (3.2±0.2), potassium (18±1), phosphorous (18±1), and iron (0.19±0.015). The inverse of mass fraction for elements in the biomass was obtained in gdw biomass/g substrate for magnesium (309±9), calcium (341±84), potassium (98±6), phosphorous (70±5), and iron (8075±2500). The average substrate consumption rates in the three runs for Mg, Ca, Fe, P, and K are 0.61±0.41,0.31±0.64, 0.008±0.03, 2.8±1.6, and 1.3±2.2 mg substrate/gdw biomass.day respectively. Potassium and phosphorous have the lowest yields which is consistent wit h them having the highest consumption rates. The bead beater and mortar and pestle cell lysing methods were utilized to determine which

An Assessment of Community Participation in Constituency Development Funded Projects : A Case of Laikipia East District, Kenya

Constituency Development Fund (CDF) is a fiscal decentralized strategy that was established to increase community participation in development.  A number of African countries have realized the significance of local initiates in coping with development problems and are now trying to incorporate local people in development.  Some of the weaknesses that have been cited through studies done on CDF include political patronage and administrative influences, top-down mentality and mismanagement.  This has greatly hampered community participation in CDF funded projects.  This study was carried out to assess community participation in CDF funded projects in Laikipia East District, Kenya.  The study employed descriptive survey research design.  To draw a representative sample, the study adopted purposive and simple random sampling techniques.  Data was collected by use of a questionnaire.  The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics.  The study established that community participation is very in CDF management is very low.  69.5% of the respondents indicated that they had never participated in CDF funded projects.  CDF awareness was average as indicated by 50% of the respondents.   The community members of Laikipia East District were not satisfied with CDF funded projects as indicated by 80% of the respondents. Keywords: Constituency Development Fund (CDF), Fiscal Decentralization, Community  Participation, Keny

Perinatal Health in North Dakota: Emerging Issues

Preterm birth, newborn screening refusal, and postpartum depression represent three emerging areas of concern that have not been previously investigated in North Dakota. Their potential impact creates significant social, behavioral, and economic burdens. Although various studies have investigated preterm birth and postpartum depression, to the best of my knowledge, newborn screening refusal in the United States has not been previously investigated. In alignment with the role of Title V of the Social Security Act (Maternal and Child Health) Programs to conduct ongoing statewide needs assessments, the objectives of this study was to investigate and identify predictors of preterm birth, newborn screening refusal and postpartum depression. The study used data from the North Dakota (ND) Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, the ND Newborn Screening Program, and the ND Division of Vital Records. Factor-specific prevalence and confidence intervals of potential predictors were computed. Logistic regression models were used to investigate and identify predictors of preterm birth and postpartum depression. Since newborn screening refusal is a rare outcome, multivariable Firth logistic regression was used to investigate maternal and provider predictors of newborn screening refusal. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals were computed for all identified significant predictors of preterm birth, newborn screening refusal, and postpartum depression. Goodness-of-fit of the models were evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow tests. The identified significant (p \u3c 0.05) predictors of preterm birth (maternal hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, prior preterm birth, rural residence, multiple gestation, maternal age ≥ 35, multiple gestation and \u3c 9 prenatal care visits); newborn screening refusal (homebirths, non-credentialed birth attendants, refusal of Hepatitis B vaccine, and fewer prenatal care visits); and postpartum depression (unintended pregnancies, high childhood adversity, American Indian race, and history of depression), offer useful insight into the epidemiology of these emerging issues in North Dakota. Ongoing evaluation and the implementation of health programs and policies that allow women to plan pregnancies, access preconception care and prenatal care, and access to behavioral health services prior to, during, and after pregnancy will remain invaluable in mitigating these three emerging issues, thereby aiding in reducing their burden

Cost-Effective Use of Follow-Up Colonoscopies and Fecal Immunochemical Tests in Colorectal Cancer Screening

Colorectal cancer (CRC), if not detected early, can be costly and detrimental to one\u27s health. Screening techniques for colorectal cancer can help find and remove adenomas in an effort to prevent future CRC. A colonoscopy has the potential of identifying CRC early as well as preventing the disease. Fecal Immunochemical Tests (FITs) is an initial non-invasive screening technique that identifies the presence of the disease, and needs to be followed by a more invasive test (like colonoscopy) if anything is detected. However, the optimal frequency for follow-up colonoscopy, and screening colonoscopy with FITs is unknown, and may vary based on findings from colonoscopy screening and patient age. A partially observed Markov process (POMP) was used to simulate the effects of a follow-up colonoscopy, FITs, and a combination of colonoscopy and FITs on the development of CRC. The POMP uses adenoma and CRC growth models to calculate the probability of an individual having colorectal adenomas and CRC. Then, based on mortality, quality of life, and the costs associated with diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of colorectal cancer, the overall costs and increase in quality adjusted life years are calculated for each follow-up colonoscopy, FIT and colonoscopy combination, and FIT scenario. This study found that spending $100,000 for a quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained will produce one follow-up colonoscopy after screening at age 50 years. The optimal follow-up is 8.5 years later which gives 84.0 QALYs gained/10,000 persons). No follow-up colonoscopy was cost-effective at the$50,000 and $75,000/QALY gained thresholds. The intervals were relatively insensitive to the findings at screening colonoscopy. Combining screening techniques for CRC (colonoscopy and FIT) is cost-effective at all three thresholds analyzed. All screening ages tested were cost-effective with approximately an 8 year increase in QALYs from screening age 50 to screening age 75. As a result of the protocol of combining screening tests being extremely cost-effective with added benefit (QALYs gained), coupling the tests is highly recommend

Peningkatan Edukasi 5M dimasa Pandemi Covid 19 di Kecamatan Pall Dua

Wabah Corona Virus (Covid-19) saat ini sudah menyebar pada seluruh dunia dan tidak terkecuali Indonesia bahkan sudah hampir setahun belum bisa ditangani dengan sempurna. Oleh karena itu salah satu cara untuk menghadapinya agar pandemi Covid-19 tidak meluas seperti diawal tahun 2020 maka masyarakat diminta untuk tetap menerapkan protokol kesehatan yaitu memakai masker, mencuci tangan, menjauhi kerumunan, menjaga jarak, mengurangi mobilitas.Akan tetapi sampai saat ini belum semua masyarakay terbiasa dengan protokol kesehatan ini sehinggga menjadi penting untuk diedukasi kembali agar semua masyarakat dapat menerapkan ptokol kesehatan Covid-19 untuk saling menjaga dan menghambat penularannya dimasyarakat. Pengabdian masyarakat mahasiswa KKNT IAKN Manado melalui edukasi dan sosialisasi protokol kesehatan dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19 dilakukan di Kota Manado Kelurahan Pall Dua. Pengabdian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskritif dan kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan tahapan membuat dan mendesain poster-poster 5M, membuat tempat cuci tangan, membagikan masker dan hand sanitizer untuk dipakai setiap hari, dan mensosialisasi dan edukasi secara langsung kepada masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini adalah meningkatnya kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap protokol kesehatan dan pentingnya pola hidup 5M serta memberdayakan masyarakat dalam penggunaan masker dan hand sanitizier serta menjaga jarak pada saat keluar rumah dan kurangnya masyarakat yang tidak memakai masker ditempat umum

Mineral Uptake Rates and Yield Coefficients of the Green Microalgae Scenedesmus Dimorphus

The need for renewable sources of energy has become critical as fossil fuel resources, which include oil, coal, and natural gas, are known to contribute to climate change and will eventually be depleted. Biofuels that originate from the fat of plants, animals, microalgae, and bacteria are an attractive alternative. Microalgae, in particular, are strong candidates for biofuel production since they have a high growth rate and lipid content (up to 50 in some species). The goal of this research was to optimize 3N-BBM+V recipe (Bold Basal Medium with 3-fold Nitrogen and Vitamins) in an effort of reducing the amount of nutrients used in growing the green microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus, and hence lower the cost of cultivation. Three runs were carried out on a 5L bioreactor in batch mode. The average growth rate of S. dimorphus was 0.17 ± 0.03 days-1. Inductively Coupled Plasma was utilized to monitor substrate concentration with time in the bioreactor which allowed the determination of yield coefficients in gdw biomass/g substrate for magnesium (253±50), calcium (341±84), potassium (61±15), phosphorous (60±13), and iron (5807±3000). These yields were utilized to calculate the optimal starting substrate concentration in the media in mg/L for magnesium (4.3±0.3), calcium (3.2±0.2), potassium (18±1), phosphorous (18±1), and iron (0.19±0.015). The inverse of mass fraction for elements in the biomass was obtained in gdw biomass/g substrate for magnesium (309±9), calcium (341±84), potassium (98±6), phosphorous (70±5), and iron (8075±2500). The average substrate consumption rates in the three runs for Mg, Ca, Fe, P, and K are 0.61±0.41,0.31±0.64, 0.008±0.03, 2.8±1.6, and 1.3±2.2 mg substrate/gdw biomass.day respectively. Potassium and phosphorous have the lowest yields which is consistent wit h them having the highest consumption rates. The bead beater and mortar and pestle cell lysing methods were utilized to determine which